2006 merck/merial - School of Veterinary Medicine - Louisiana State ...

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purified, viral RNA was extracted and viral segments amplified by RT-PCR technology. The IA/30 H1N1 virus is geneticallyengineered with unique restriction sites in each of its 8 individual genes. Therefore, the origin of each viral segment can beeasily differentiated.Results: Reassortment occurred in pigs co-infected with the H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. All novel reassortant SIVscontained the wild-type NS-segment from the H1N1 IA/30 and the NP-segment from the modern H3N2 Tx/98 strain. Most ofthe PB2 (avian origin) and NA (human origin) genes (about 90%) originated from the H3N2 Tx/98 strain. The origin of theother four genes (PB1, PA, HA, M) are randomly derived from either the H1N1 or H3N2 SIV.Conclusions: The avian–like PB2 and the modern NP genes (H3N2) were preferentially selected into the novelreassortant SIVs. This indicates these two genes and their products might play an important role in the adaptation of novelreassortant SIVs. These studies also proved that a functional immunomodulatory NS1 protein (has interferon modulatingabilities) is critical for the survival of swine influenza viruses in its natural host, the pig.Simple Intervention to Reduce Stress and Recrudescence of Latent Herpes Virus Infections in Shelter CatsJeremy B. Page*, Sandra Newbury, Chester B. Thomas, Ronald D. SchultzSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Dane County Humane Society, McFarland, WIFeline upper respiratory disease complex (FURDC) is a common and infectious multifactorial disease syndrome inshelter cats, most commonly initiated by feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus (FHV), or Mycoplasma spp. Shelter catswith FURDC often are euthanized due to lack of treatment resources and the need to control the spread of infectious disease.Prevention is key to controlling FURDC in animal shelters. Stress may play a major role in the development of FURDC.Latent infection with FHV is widespread in domestic cats, and stress-induced increases in plasma cortisol can triggerrecrudescence, resulting in shedding of virus and subsequent exposure of uninfected cats. Inability to hide in response tostressors has been correlated with increased cortisol in caged cats in group housing situations. Most shelters house cats in cageswith open wire fronts, leaving stressed cats exposed. To test the hypothesis that ability to hide reduces stress and subsequentlywill reduce incidence of FURDC, a randomized prospective study comparing markers of stress and FURDC in three groups ofcats will be conducted. Cats in two intervention groups will be provided with either a box or a towel covering half of the frontof the cage. A control group will receive no hiding place. Changes in shedding of FHV and urinary cortisol:creatinine ratiowill be measured at admission and over time in the shelter. Commonly accepted stress behaviors will be monitored daily. Datawill be analyzed for differences in incidence of FURDC in each of the randomized groups, as well as correlation betweenchanges in UCCR, incidence of FURDC, and recorded behaviors within and across groups.Construction of a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Vector Expressing beta-GlucuronidaseJeffrey W. Patterson-Fortin, Srikanth Yellayi, Nigel W. FraserDepartment of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104A major obstacle to gene therapy is the difficulty in transducing all necessary cells in the target organ. This inabilityis especially apparent for gene transfer involving the brain. However, vectors created using recombinant herpes simplexvirus (HSV) are promising delivery systems for gene transfer to the brain due to the innate ability of the virus to spreadthroughout the nervous system using axonal transport. HSV-1 forms a latent neuronal infection that endures for the lifetimeof the individual. This latency is characterized by the gene expression of only latency-associated transcripts (LAT). Thisability is of interest for the development of gene therapy vectors for the brain as replacement of the LAT gene by a gene ofinterest could result in long-term expression of said gene. Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII results from the deficiency of asingle gene. This gene encodes for the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase (GUSB). Consequently, there is a failure in themetabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These undegraded GAGs are stored in lysosomes affecting a number of organsystems, including the brain. Although rare in the human population, MPS VII is but one of over 40 identified lysosomalstorage diseases (LSDs), which collectively have a higher rate of occurrence. In this study, MPS VII is being used as amodel disease for the study of gene transfer to the brain. The goal of this study is to construct a recombinant HSV vector thatwill establish latency in the brain and secrete a feline transgene product (GUSB). The results of this study will hopefullycontribute to the understanding of widespread gene transfer to the brain. This information could be useful for continueddevelopment of recombinant HSV vectors for long-term correction of disorders affecting the brain.126
Cytopathic and Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Infection Induces Macropinocytosis in CD14+MonocytesKatie Pruitt*, Sang-Ryul Lee, Bobbie Boyd, G.Todd Pharr, and Lesya PinchukDepartment of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State,MSThe cattle industry is a major economic force in the United States. The success of this industry depends on thecontrol of significant disease causing agents, such as Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), a member of the Pestivirus genusof the Flaviviridae family. Based on the presence or absence of visible changes in the infected cell cultures BVDV is dividedin two biotypes, cytopathic (CP) and noncytopathic (NCP). Macropinocytosis is one of the mechanisms of the antigenpresenting cell (APC) antigen uptake. Macropinocytosis, represents the uptake of large vesicles mediated by membraneruffling driven by the actin cytoskeleton. While micropinocytosis occurs constitutively in all cells, macropinocytosis islimited to few cell types, such as macrophages and epithelial cells stimulated by growth factors. We have demonstratedearlier that antigen uptake is affected in monocytes in the early stage of BVDV infection during the first 24 hrs, with bothBVDV biotypes.In this study we used CD14+ bovine monocytes obtained by magnetic cell separation infected with two strains ofBVDV, NADL (CP) and NY (NCP) in vitro. The ability of monocytes to endocytose was measured at 370 C (activeendocytosis) and 40 C (background endocytosis) using FITC labeled dextran (FITC-DX) to evaluate receptor-mediatedendocytosis and Lucifer Yellow (LY) to evaluate macropinocytosis. To investigate the involvement of the Mannose Receptor(MR) in active endocytosis of monocytes, mannan and EDTA were added to some of the cultures. Endocytosis was analyzedby Flow Cytometry.Our data suggest that BVDV infection induced macropinocytosis, the most potent unselective mechanism of antigenuptake in purified CD14+ monocytes. In contrast, CP and NCP BVDV inhibited selective receptor-mediated antigen uptakein monocyte populations.7We conclude that induced macropinocytosis in bovine monocytes infected with BVDV promotes more intensiveviral entry and productive infection of APC.Feline Dirofilaria immitis infection related to acute and chronic pulmonary disease.Jennifer R. Rainey*, A.R. Dillon, B.L. Blagburn, W.R. Brawner, M. Tillson, P. Rynders, E. Welles, M. Carpenter,J. Spencer, and C.M. JohnsonCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection of domestic cats causes severe lesions of the heart and pulmonaryvasculature. However, little is known about the impact of heartworm infection on the pulmonary parenchyma and airways.We hypothesized that chronic heartworm infection would be associated with narrowing of the bronchiolar lumen, whichcould lead to respiratory signs similar to those observed in cats with feline bronchitis (feline asthma). Thirty (30) specificpathogen-free juvenile male cats were experimentally infected with 100 infective larvae (L3) of Dirofilaria immitis. Cats ingroup A (n=10) were treated with selamectin (Revolution ® 45 mg/kg) every 30 days. Cats in group B (n=10) were eachtreated with ivermectin at 50 μg/kg every two weeks starting on Day 84 post-infection, and cats in group C (n=10) wereuntreated. Lung samples from the formalin-perfused right caudal lung lobe were removed at necropsy eight months post D.immitis infection. Histologic evaluation of the lung tissue revealed significant lesions in the bronchi (p=0.003), bronchioles(p=0.014), alveoli (p=0.002), and capillaries (p=0.011) in untreated cats and cats in which the heartworm life cycle wasinterrupted with selamectin treatment. The untreated cats demonstrated increased folding of the bronchiolar lumen withepithelial and mucus-secreting gland hyperplasia. Alveolar septa were thickened by smooth muscle hypertrophy and cellularinfiltrates predominately of macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Bronchoalveolar lavages performed immediatelyprior to necropsy revealed elevated numbers of eosinophils in the untreated group as compared with cats in which infectionhad been arrested during early (selamectin) and late (ivermectin) larval development. Histomorphometry of bronchiolar wallsrevealed a significant (p
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2006 MERCK/MERIALNATIONAL VETERINAR
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3:00-3:30 pm BreakNovel therapy for
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KEYNOTE SPEAKERRonald Veazey, D.V.M
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Mini Symposium II:Fish Research: A
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David G. Baker, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D.
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Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Ph.D.Profe
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Joseph Francis, B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc., P
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dogs with cancer, the potential rol
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2006 MERCK/MERIALVETERINARY SCHOLAR
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YOUNG INVESTIGATOR AWARD HONORABLE
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Mammary epithelial-specific deletio
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Variation in Q-Tract Length of the
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Novel therapy for humoral hypercalc
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ALTERNATE:Micron-scale membrane sub
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ABSTRACT TITLES LISTED BY CATEGORY
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19. A pilot study of cigarette smok
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36. Development of a murine in vitr
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71. Identification and characteriza
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85. Age and Gender Influence Ventil
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10. Preliminary estimation of risk
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47. Osteoprotegerin and Receptor Ac
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61. A Comparison of Interaction Pat
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used to label avian heterophils for
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Page 78 and 79: 0.71mg/dL; p=0.001). Values for hem
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Page 84 and 85: Aspiration Pneumonia in DogsDavid A
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Page 118 and 119: 100 pfu BRSV. The results show that
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Page 146 and 147: Utilizing cDNA Subtraction to Exami
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Page 170 and 171: MICHIGAN STATEUNIVERSITYJames Crawf
Page 172: UNIVERSITY OFPENNSYLVANIALindsay Th
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