2006 merck/merial - School of Veterinary Medicine - Louisiana State ...

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2006 MERCK/MERIALVETERINARY SCHOLARSYMPOSIUMABSTRACTS72
CLINICAL SCIENCES AND BEHAVIOR (SESSION 1)Prevalence and Risk Factors for Heartworm Infection in Dogs in the United States, 2002-2005Evan N. Apotheker 1 , Nita W. Glickman 1 , Hugh B Lewis 2 , Larry T. Glickman 1Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 1 , Banfield the Pet Hospital, Portland, OR 2Heartworm infection caused by Dirofilaria immitis is widespread in dogs in the United States and may result in apotentially fatal disease. Mosquitoes transmit D. immitis using dogs as both the definitive host and reservoir. Smallerregional studies have examined the epidemiology of heartworm disease but few national surveys have been conducted.Computerized medical records of dogs visiting >500 Banfield Pet Hospitals located in 44 states were analyzed to estimatethe prevalence of heartworm infection in dogs and to characterize risk factors for infection. Infection with D. immitis wasdetermined based on a positive heartworm antigen ELISA. The number of dogs tested, the total number of tests performed, aswell as the dog’s age sex, breed, weight and neuter status, and state of residence, were determined. The prevalence ofheartworm infection was 1.46% in dogs tested between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2005. The prevalence wassignificantly higher in the South Atlantic, Gulf Coast, and Mississippi River Valley regions. Host factors significantly (P1 year, weight >25 lbs, sexually intact, and being amixed breed versus a pure breed dog. These results suggest the amount of outdoor activity and level of owner care influencethe risk of heartworm infection in dogs. The geographical pattern of heartworm infection observed in this study was similarto findings reported by the American Heartworm Society based on questionnaires to veterinary practices. Findings ofepidemiological studies using large computerized databases such as Banfield’s national pet practice can be used to improvethe quality of health care and disease prevention for all pets.Immunohistochemical analysis of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) induction in the skin, blubber and liverof harbor seal pups (Phoca vitulina) stranded along the California coast.Trevor S. Arnold* 1 , Andrea L. Bogomolni 2 , Michael Ziccardi 1 , John J. Stegeman 2Wildlife Health Center, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis California 1Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 2Marine mammals are exposed to a variety of environmental contaminants which can increase their risk ofdeveloping several health problems such as immune suppression and reproductive complications. While direct measurementof contaminants in tissues is possible, the techniques are expensive and require specialized equipment. Also, directmeasurement does not indicate toxicity, as contaminants can be sequestered in tissues (e.g. adipose) and many only exerttheir toxicity via metabolites. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) is induced by certain organic pollutants and is essential forthe metabolism of many biologically important contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), coplanarpolychlorinated biphenols (PCB), tetrachlorodibenodiozins (TCDD) and tetrachlorodibenzofurnans (TCDF). This studyemploys immunohistochemistry to determine the levels of CYP1A1 induction in neonatal harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Amonoclonal antibody against scup (Stenotomus chrysops) Cytochrome P4501A (MAb 1-12-3) was used to stain CYP1A1protein in the skin/blubber and liver of harbor seal pups that stranded along the coast of California. By comparingskin/blubber CYP1A1 induction to liver induction this study is intended to add evidence towards validating the use ofminimally invasive skin biopsies rather than liver biopsies to determine whole body CYP1A1 activity, and thereforesimultaneously assess contaminant load and toxicity. Preliminary data indicate that CYP1A1 activity is low in bothskin/blubber and liver tissues from the pups sampled. Analysis is currently underway to determine the degree of correlationbetween skin/blubber and liver CYP1A1 induction. Data also indicates the presence of a possible endogenous CYP1A1inducer in the sebaceous glands of harbor seals.Optimization and Validation of a Commercially Available Phagocytic Assay for Differentiation of AvianHeterophilsCatherine C. Ashe, B.A.*, Cheryl B.Greenacre, DVM, DAVBP (Avian), Stephen Kania, PhDUniversity of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996Department of Small Animal Medicine and the Department of Comparative MedicineAvian blood presents several problems for veterinary practitioners. Nucleated erythrocytes and thrombocytes makeautomated counting of white blood cells impossible. As a result, leukocyte counts must be generated manually. However,problems also exist with manual counts and differentials. Small lymphocytes and thrombocytes, as well as large lymphocytesand monocytes may appear morphologically similar. Thus, there exists no objective method for quantifying avian whiteblood cells. Preferred manual methods include the use of the Eosinophil Unopette 5877® system or Natt and Herrick’sSolution followed by counting of cells on a hemacytometer. These methods offer neither the precision nor the ease of anautomated counter. This study seeks to find an objective method for identifying and segregating heterophil populations. Thefocus is twofold. First, validation and optimization of a commercially available human phagocytosis assay was conducted.This assay uses fluorescently labeled (FITC), opsonized E. coli as a cell marker. Once validated and optimized, the assay was73
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2006 MERCK/MERIALNATIONAL VETERINAR
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3:00-3:30 pm BreakNovel therapy for
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KEYNOTE SPEAKERRonald Veazey, D.V.M
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Mini Symposium II:Fish Research: A
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David G. Baker, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D.
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Konstantin G. Kousoulas, Ph.D.Profe
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Joseph Francis, B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc., P
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dogs with cancer, the potential rol
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2006 MERCK/MERIALVETERINARY SCHOLAR
Page 22 and 23: YOUNG INVESTIGATOR AWARD HONORABLE
Page 24 and 25: Mammary epithelial-specific deletio
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Page 28: Variation in Q-Tract Length of the
Page 34: Novel therapy for humoral hypercalc
Page 38: ALTERNATE:Micron-scale membrane sub
Page 42 and 43: ABSTRACT TITLES LISTED BY CATEGORY
Page 44 and 45: 19. A pilot study of cigarette smok
Page 46 and 47: 36. Development of a murine in vitr
Page 50 and 51: 71. Identification and characteriza
Page 52 and 53: 85. Age and Gender Influence Ventil
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Page 58 and 59: 10. Preliminary estimation of risk
Page 62 and 63: 47. Osteoprotegerin and Receptor Ac
Page 64 and 65: 61. A Comparison of Interaction Pat
Page 74 and 75: used to label avian heterophils for
Page 76 and 77: obtained via analysis of time and d
Page 78 and 79: 0.71mg/dL; p=0.001). Values for hem
Page 80 and 81: mass and fecundity in prespawning w
Page 82 and 83: Equine Hoof Laminae Tissue Collecti
Page 84 and 85: Aspiration Pneumonia in DogsDavid A
Page 86 and 87: Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emis
Page 88 and 89: tyrosine phosphorylation is measure
Page 90 and 91: the gravid and non-gravid females t
Page 92 and 93: egulatory function as its ortholog,
Page 94 and 95: PATHOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY, AND ONCOLOGY
Page 96 and 97: Markers of Oxidative Stress in plas
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Page 100 and 101: Matrix metalloproteinase secretion
Page 102 and 103: Reproductive performance, neonatal
Page 104 and 105: control to determine the efficiency
Page 106 and 107: Enhancing the Quality and Reliabili
Page 108 and 109: grade II MCTs into groups with good
Page 110 and 111: Transcriptional Regulation of the I
Page 112 and 113: MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (SESSIO
Page 114 and 115: colonization of the mutant and 6 re
Page 116 and 117: digestive tracts of these and other
Page 118 and 119: 100 pfu BRSV. The results show that
Page 120 and 121: Inhibition of Microneme Secretion i
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Adherent bacilli were present in th
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isolated to analyze cytokine gene e
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purified, viral RNA was extracted a
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The effects of co-engagement of TLR
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Occurrence of Leptospira Vaccine Fa
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undifferentiated catecholaminergic
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the concept that the greater detoxi
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quantitative PCR using gene targets
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Rotenone Induced Dopamine Neuron De
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decrease in serum cortisol, with a
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and detrimental impacts on the brai
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actions of cells prior to embryo de
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Utilizing cDNA Subtraction to Exami
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expression in unilaterally pregnant
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Salmonella is increased. Poultry sa
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exports. The estimated prevalence o
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eeding grounds near Minnedosa, MB s
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(PBMC) were isolated using commerci
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Trainees acquire in-depth knowledge
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comparative pathology and/or resear
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Department of Veterinary Bioscience
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PhD, Director, Center for Comparati
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MICHIGAN STATEUNIVERSITYJames Crawf
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UNIVERSITY OFPENNSYLVANIALindsay Th
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