Literacy Trends in Pakistan - UNESCO Islamabad

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Previous attempts made for the enhancement of literacy, as a planned effort in terms of targets, and allocations in various Developmental Plansof Pakistan are listed below in Table 4.Table-4Adult Literacy – Plan Allocations, Targets And StrategiesPlanFirst Five YearPlan 1955-60Second FiveYear Plan1960 – 65Third Five YearPlan 1965-70Non-Plan Period1970-78Fifth Five YearPlan 1978-83Sixth Five YearPlan 1983-88Seventh FiveYear Plan1988-93Eighth Five YearPlan 1993-98Ninth Five YearPlan 1998-2003Allocation (Rs. InMillion)Target (Million Persons)StrategiesNil Nil • Through Village Aid Programme.• School as a community center.Nil Nil • School as a community centerNil Nil • Pilot projects of intensive nature on experimental basis2.3 5.0 • Advisory Council for Adult Literacy and Adult Education recommended.• National Education Corps,.• Armed forces to play a role.• Industrial establishments to run literacy classes for workers.50.0 8.5 • Population 12-45 years to be covered.750.0834.0 (ActualExpenditure)• Pakistan Television Literacy Program to be augmented.15.0 • Population 10-24 years to be covered.• Establishment of LAMEC• NGOs and local governments to be involved.• Fresh matriculates to take up literacy work for one year.• Debarring illiterates form employment.300.0 12.5 • Universilazation of Primary Education.• Non-formal Education Programs• NGOs.1750.0 (SAP) 16.86 • Universalization of Primary Education.• NGOs to develop and launch community based literacy programs.• Integration of literacy in Rural and Urban Community Development programs.12455.00 55% literacy by 200370% literacy by 2010• Functional Literacy Centers for Education of Adults.• Establishment of new 75000 NFBE schools___________________________________________________________________________________________________________*Source: Human Development in South Asia 2002, Mahbub-ul-Haq Human Development Center, Oxford University Press, Karachi.14
Policy1947Pakistan EducationConference1959Commission onNational Education1970The New EducationPolicy1972The Education Policy1979National EducationPolicy1992National EducationPolicy, 1992-2002National EducationPolicy, 1998-2002Target (Literates/Literacy Rate)NilNil5.0Millionto be madeliterateTable-5Adult Literacy – Policy Targets and Strategies (1947-2010)Strategies• Adult education by provinces• College students to participate in literacy campaign• Existing school buildings and staff to be used• Use of school children as the teachers of their illiterate parents• College students as adult literacy teachers• Each one teach one• Media use for adult education• Functional education• Employers to make the employees literate• National Education Corps• Non-Formal Education Programmes11.0 • Massive literacy Programmes• Literacy Centers in schools, factories, farms, union council halls and other community places.• Media use for literacy• 35 % by 1982-85• 40 %by 1992-93• 80 % by 2000• 50 % by 1995• 70 % by 2002By 2002 – 2003• 55 %• 70 % Male• 40 % FemaleBy 2010• 70 %• 85 %• 55.5 Female• Mosque schools and Mohalla schools.• Student volunteers corps• Use of television for literacy• Creation of Literacy and Mass Education Commissions• Primary Education Compulsory.• Involvement of NGOs• Massive efforts to enhance literacy rate• Literacy programmes will be integrated with skill based community programmes• Use of electronic and print media• Awards to meritorious work in adult literacy• Appropriate legislation to allocate funds for promotion of adult literacy, non transferable and non lapsable• Decentralization of planning mechanism.• Special attention to out-of-school children• Emphasis on maximum utilization of resources e.g. GoP, NGO community initiatives, Boy Scouts and Girl Guides.• Increase in Non-Formal Basic Edu-Community centers from 70000 to 82000 by 2000• Media involvement to impart life skills to the neo-literate.15
Page 2 and 3: ContributorsDescription and Analysi
Page 4 and 5: Literacy Trends in PakistanUNESCO O
Page 6 and 7: Part I - An Analysis of Literacy Tr
Page 8 and 9: Part II Statistical Tables (Based o
Page 10 and 11: an education that includes learning
Page 12 and 13: district. This information on liter
Page 14 and 15: In the present day context, when pa
Page 16 and 17: 7. FUNCTIONAL LITERACYThe definitio
Page 18 and 19: Middle Level (Level II)A) TARGET GR
Page 20 and 21: Table - 3Comparison of Pakistan wit
Page 24 and 25: 11. CURRENT LITERACY SITUATION IN P
Page 26 and 27: Graph No. 1Growth of Literacy Rate
Page 28 and 29: Table 7 below indicates the highest
Page 30 and 31: Table 8Literacy Growth Rate Trends
Page 32 and 33: District has progressed from a very
Page 34 and 35: Table 11Districts in Various Litera
Page 36 and 37: 13.2 Public Expenditure on Primary
Page 38 and 39: lowest female literacy rate in Paki
Page 40 and 41: All this suggests that a considerab
Page 42 and 43: Graph No.4LITERACY RATE DIRECTLY EF
Page 44 and 45: 16. LITERACY AND NATIONAL PLAN OF A
Page 46 and 47: 17.1 Why has it been established?Th
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 - Focus Areas and Key Stra
Page 50 and 51: 17.5 Resource MobilizationThe Liter
Page 52 and 53: PART - IIStatistical Tables(Based o
Page 57: Table IILiteracy Rates (10 Years &
Page 62: Growth RateYearsAll Areas Urban Rur
Page 66 and 67: N.W.F.P.1972 15.50 23.10 4.701981 1
Page 71 and 72: Table VLiteracy Rates (10 Years & a
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Table VI-ADistrict-wise Rate (10 Ye
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Province/DistrictBoth Male Female B
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All Areas Urban RuralProvince/Distr
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Table VI-DDistrict-wise Rate of Lit
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Table VI-BDistrict-wise Rate of Lit
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Province/DistrictHyderabadBadinThat
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Province/DistrictKarachi SouthKarac
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All AreasUrbanRuralProvince/Distric
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Table VII-CDistrict-wise Rate of Li
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Table VII-BDistrict-wise Rate of Li
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IlliterateLiterate Matric & above D
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Illiterate Literate Matric & above
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Table VIII-BLinkage between Literac
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Illiterate Literate Matric & above
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Table VIII-DLinkage between Literac
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Table IX-ADistrict-wise Participati
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Province/District/ Population Schoo
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Table IX-DDistrict-wise i i Partici
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Table X-CDistrict-wise Participatio
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Province/District/ All Areas Urban
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Table X-DDistrict-wise Participatio
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ProvincelDistrictl All Areas Urban
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ProvincelDistrictl All Areas Urban
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAdam Curle. Planning fo
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Formulae used for Calculating the G
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Literacy Trends in Pakistan - UNESCO Islamabad

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