Literacy Trends in Pakistan - UNESCO Islamabad

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Table 11Districts in Various Literacy Regions (Age 10 and above) in Four Provinces of Pakistan during 1981 and 1998:VeryHigh59.77%andaboveHighLevel45.00%-59.77%PUNJAB SINDH NWFP BALOCHISTANRawalpindi, *Gujrat, *Jhelum, Lahore. Karachi East, Karachi SouthKarachi Central**Attock, Chakwal, **Sargodha,*Faisalabad, Toba Tek Singh, MandiBhauddin, *Gujranwala, Narowal, SialkotKarachi West , *Sukkur, Malir. *Abbotabad, Haripur QuettaLowlevel30.23%-45 %Bhakkar, Khushab, **Mianwali,Hafizabad, **Sheikhupura, **Shahiwal,**Multan, Khanewal, **Kasur, **Vehari,Pakpattan, Layyah, **Bhawalpur,*Bhawalnagar, **Jhang, D.G.Khan,Okara, Rahimyarkhan.Nausharo Feroze, **Shikarpur,**Larkana, Khairpur, Nawabshah,Dadu, Hyderabad, Sanghar,Mirpurkhas**Malakand P.A., **Chitral,**Peshawar, Nowshehra,Mansehra, Swabi, **Kohat,**Bannu, Charsadda, **D.I. Khan,Karak, **Mardan, HanguZiarat, **Panjgur, PishinVeryLowlevel30.23 %andbelowLodhran, Muzfargarh, RajanpurJacobabad, Ghotki, Badin,Thatta, Umerkot, Tharparkar.Upper Dir, Swat, Lower Dir,Shangla,Kohistan, Tank, Buner,Batagram, Hangu, Laki MarwartKilla Abdullah, Chaghi, KohluLoralai, Barkhan, Zhob, Sibi,Musakhel, Killa Saifullah,Kech, Jafarabad , Dera BugtiNasirabad, Jhal Magsi, Gwadar,Bolan, Kalat, Mastung, KhuzdarAwaran, Kharan, Lesbela,* These districts were in the Region of Low Literacy in 1981.** These districts were in the Region of Very Low Literacy in 1981.Highest: Karachi Central (76.00%) Lowest: Musakhel (10.37%)26
13. FACTORS AFFECTING LITERACY RATE IN PAKISTANThough several factors have been affecting the literacy situation in Pakistan, both positively and negatively, the following are the mostsignificant:-13.1 Allocations for EducationIn Pakistan, allocations for education in general and for enhancement of literacy in particular, have, always been very low with, 2.3 % of GNPbeing the highest figure in 9 th Plan (1998-2003). The allocations for education in terms of percentage of GNP, have been continuously decliningfor the last many years (e.g. 2.34 in 1997-98, 2.2 % in 1998-99 and 2.14 % for 1999-2000). The first three Development Plans (1955-1970) didnot contain any allocations for literacy. Separate allocations for literacy started with the non-plan period (1970-78) in which Rs. 2.3 million wereallocated for literacy but actually only Rs. 5.00 million were spent. Rs. 12.5 million and Rs.8.5 millions, were respectively spent during the 7 thand 8 th plans periods for the first time.The message arising out of EFA 2000 Assessment noted that, “Education is characterized by the need to make tough choices between competingoptions of nearly equal attractiveness. There will never be sufficient funds to do all that educational planners would wish. The challengetherefore is to find new ways of meeting objectives. It may imply the need for thorough structural reforms; put another way, it may mean doingthings in different way. Sometimes this involves thinking the unthinkable, questioning the long-accepted practices”. Funding constraints alsoimpose a greater demand on the administration of the public education system and the rapid increase of literacy in developing countries likePakistan.The Ninth Five Year Plan (1998-2003) has the provision of an additional 0.35 % increase in the allocation for education every year, so that bythe end of the plan period (2002-2003) it will reach the level of 4 % of GNP, which is the minimum requirement as per UNESCOrecommendations. The 9 th Plan also targets to increase the literacy rate to 60% by the year 2003, and 75 % by the year 2010 by increasing theallocations for education. The National Education Policy (1998-2010) also aims at achieving a 55% literacy rate by 2003, by spending a total ofRs. 559,290.00 million on the education sector and 5,000.00 million specifically on literacy by 2003. As per data provided by EFA Wing of theMinistry of Education, about 81 adult literacy/training projects, will be completed in three phases upto 2015 for which about Rs. 178 million willbe spent. According to National Plan of Action the total number of literates in the country will be raised to 126 million, and the number ofilliterates will shrink to 20.4 million by the year 2015*. Though the allocations for literacy are meager yet if 4 % of GNP as planned in theEducation Policy is actually spent, we can hope for a more positive picture. However, if resources allow, more allocations should be madeespecially (e.g. at least 1% of GNP) for adult literacy and non-formal basic education programs in Pakistan.Source: National Action Plan: Our Roadmap to EFA, UNESCO & EFA Wing, Federal Ministry of Education, Govt. of Pakistan. p.7-827
Page 2 and 3: ContributorsDescription and Analysi
Page 4 and 5: Literacy Trends in PakistanUNESCO O
Page 6 and 7: Part I - An Analysis of Literacy Tr
Page 8 and 9: Part II Statistical Tables (Based o
Page 10 and 11: an education that includes learning
Page 12 and 13: district. This information on liter
Page 14 and 15: In the present day context, when pa
Page 16 and 17: 7. FUNCTIONAL LITERACYThe definitio
Page 18 and 19: Middle Level (Level II)A) TARGET GR
Page 20 and 21: Table - 3Comparison of Pakistan wit
Page 22 and 23: Previous attempts made for the enha
Page 24 and 25: 11. CURRENT LITERACY SITUATION IN P
Page 26 and 27: Graph No. 1Growth of Literacy Rate
Page 28 and 29: Table 7 below indicates the highest
Page 30 and 31: Table 8Literacy Growth Rate Trends
Page 32 and 33: District has progressed from a very
Page 36 and 37: 13.2 Public Expenditure on Primary
Page 38 and 39: lowest female literacy rate in Paki
Page 40 and 41: All this suggests that a considerab
Page 42 and 43: Graph No.4LITERACY RATE DIRECTLY EF
Page 44 and 45: 16. LITERACY AND NATIONAL PLAN OF A
Page 46 and 47: 17.1 Why has it been established?Th
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 - Focus Areas and Key Stra
Page 50 and 51: 17.5 Resource MobilizationThe Liter
Page 52 and 53: PART - IIStatistical Tables(Based o
Page 57: Table IILiteracy Rates (10 Years &
Page 62: Growth RateYearsAll Areas Urban Rur
Page 66 and 67: N.W.F.P.1972 15.50 23.10 4.701981 1
Page 71 and 72: Table VLiteracy Rates (10 Years & a
Page 74 and 75: Table VI-ADistrict-wise Rate (10 Ye
Page 76 and 77: Province/DistrictBoth Male Female B
Page 82 and 83: All Areas Urban RuralProvince/Distr
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All Areas Urban RuralProvince/Distr
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Table VI-DDistrict-wise Rate of Lit
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Table VI-BDistrict-wise Rate of Lit
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Province/DistrictHyderabadBadinThat
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Province/DistrictKarachi SouthKarac
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All AreasUrbanRuralProvince/Distric
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Table VII-CDistrict-wise Rate of Li
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Table VII-BDistrict-wise Rate of Li
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IlliterateLiterate Matric & above D
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Illiterate Literate Matric & above
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Table VIII-BLinkage between Literac
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Illiterate Literate Matric & above
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Table VIII-DLinkage between Literac
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Table IX-ADistrict-wise Participati
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Province/District/ Population Schoo
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Table IX-DDistrict-wise i i Partici
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Table X-CDistrict-wise Participatio
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Province/District/ All Areas Urban
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Table X-DDistrict-wise Participatio
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ProvincelDistrictl All Areas Urban
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ProvincelDistrictl All Areas Urban
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAdam Curle. Planning fo
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Formulae used for Calculating the G
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Literacy Trends in Pakistan - UNESCO Islamabad

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