Thesis full text PDF - Politecnico di Milano

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developer who’s familiar with old-school HTML, yet it boasts all the benefits of valid XML. Thereare numerous advantages to using XHTML:It offers lots of standard tools and script libraries for viewing, editing, and validating XML.It’s forward-compatible with newer, XML-compatible browsers.It works with either the HTML Document Object Model (DOM) or the XML DOM.It’s more easily repurposed for viewing in non-browser agents.You can serve XHTML to the browser with a Content-Type of text/html, as all the mainstreambrowsers render correctly all XHTML documents served as text/html. Although browsers will treatyour code as plain old HTML, other programs can still interpret it as XML.W3C Document Object ModelThe Document Object Model (DOM) is an object-oriented representation of XML and HTMLdocuments, and provides an API for changing the content, structure, and style of thosedocuments. Originally, specific browsers like Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer provideddiffering, proprietary ways to manipulate HTML documents using JavaScript. The DOM arose fromefforts by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to provide a platform and browser neutral wayto achieve the same tasks. The DOM represents the structure of an XML or HTML document as anobject hierarchy, which is ideal for parsing by standard XML tools.DOM Manipulation MethodsJavaScript provides a large API for dealing with these DOM structures, in terms of both parsingand manipulating the document. This is one of the primary ways to accomplish the smaller,piece-by-piece changes to a web page that we see in an AJAX application.DOM EventsThe other important function of the DOM is that it provides a standard means for JavaScript toattach events to elements on a web page. This makes possible much richer user interfaces,because it allows you to give users opportunities to interact with the page beyond simple linksand form elements. A great example of this is drag-and-drop functionality, which lets users dragpieces of the page around on the screen, and drop them into place to trigger specific pieces offunctionality.Presentation: CSSCSS (Cascading Style Sheets) provides a unified method for controlling the appearance of userinterface elements in your web application. You can use CSS to change almost any aspect of theway the page looks, from font sizes, colors, and spacing, to the positioning of elements. In anAJAX application, a very good use of CSS is to provide user-interface feedback (with CSS-drivenanimations and transitions), or to indicate portions of the page with which the user can interact(with changes to color or appearance triggered, for example, by mouseovers).Communication: XMLHttpRequestXMLHttpRequest, a JavaScript class with a very easy-to-use interface, sends and receives HTTPrequests and responses to and from web servers. The XMLHttpRequest class is what makes true12
AJAX application development possible. The HTTP requests made with XMLHttpRequest work justas if the browser were making normal requests to load a page or submit a form, but without theuser ever having to leave the currently loaded web page. Microsoft first implementedXMLHttpRequest in Internet Explorer 5 for Windows as an ActiveX object. The Mozilla projectprovided a JavaScript-native version with a compatible API in the Mozilla browser, starting inversion 1.0. (It’s also available in Firefox, of course.) Apple has added XMLHttpRequest to Safarisince version 1.2. The response from the server, either an XML document or a string of text, canbe passed to JavaScript to use however the developer sees fit, often to update some piece of theweb application’s user interface.Figure 2.2 – Standard Ajax interactionPutting it All Together: JavaScriptJavaScript is the glue that holds your AJAX application together. It performs multiple roles inAJAX development:controlling HTTP requests that are made using XMLHttpRequestparsing the result that comes back from the server, using either DOM manipulationmethods, XSLT, or custom methods, depending on the data exchange format usedpresenting the resulting data in the user interface, either by using DOM manipulationmethods to insert content into the web page, by updating an element’s innerHTMLproperty, or by changing elements’ CSS propertiesBecause of its long history of use in lightweight web programming (and at the hands ofinexperienced programmers), JavaScript has not been seen by many traditional application13
Page 1 and 2: POLITECNICO DI MILANOFacoltà di In
Page 4 and 5: INDEX1. Introduction and problem pr
Page 6 and 7: 1. Introduction and problem present
Page 8 and 9: 2.2. Ajax Web Applications2.2.1. Wh
Page 11: development, nor as easy as old-sch
Page 15: Figure 2.3 - Traditional interactio
Page 19 and 20: frameworks. They allow you to map J
Page 21 and 22: Figure 3.2 - Draw2D shapes exampleT
Page 23 and 24: Possibility to use dynamic windows
Page 25 and 26: The PropertyWindow is maybe the mos
Page 27 and 28: Win 98 Win 2000 Win XP Win Vista Ma
Page 29 and 30: YAHOO.example.container.panel2.setB
Page 31 and 32: Tab One ContentTab Two ContentTab T
Page 33 and 34: We offer an online design tool that
Page 35 and 36: The Struts ControllerAlthough Strut
Page 37 and 38: many of the connections between the
Page 39 and 40: Table 1. Primitives of the MVC-Webf
Page 41 and 42: a JSP page can contain more than on
Page 43 and 44: Form property typeParameter name Pa
Page 45 and 46: 5. MVC-WebFlow Ajax tool5.1. Object
Page 47 and 48: 5.2. Business requirements and func
Page 49 and 50: the view needs the possibility for
Page 51 and 52: The state diagram in Figure shows a
Page 53 and 54: of the unit but also add and modify
Page 55 and 56: 5.5. Interface requirementsThe grap
Page 57 and 58: We can see in depth all the technol
Page 59 and 60: 5.7. Data schema designThe data sch
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5.15 - Logical view of the a
Page 63 and 64:
ApplicationFiles packageThis packag
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its navigation flow. At the top the
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The developer has to define each el
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6. Conclusions and future developme
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7. Appendix A: Ajax open source and
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Avoid traditional approaches proble
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e updated as the result of one Ajax
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complete JavaScript parser which op
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http://www.zimbra.com7.2. JavaScrip
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Build for reliability Stable commun
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Powered by BindowsoooooStrength of
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Possibility to use images in the di
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An SVG DOM implementation A set of
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It’s fast, reliable, more stable
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• ProxyingProxy requests to remot
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WindowsEventAppender: send log mess
Page 95 and 96:
XML form binding for easily copying
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24. Guida JavaScript di base - http
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