Epigenetics - LSUHSC Human Development Center

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• Acetylation (addition of aCOCH 3 ) to histoneproteins removes positivecharges, therebyreducing the affinitybetween histones andDNA.• This makes RNApolymerase andtranscription factorseasier to access thepromoter region of DNA.• Therefore, in most cases,histone acetylation turnsgenes on• while histonedeacetylation turns genesoffAcetylation anddeacetylation of thelysine residueGene offGene onHistone acetylation is catalyzed byhistone acetyltransferases (HATs) andhistone deacetylation is catalyzed byhistone deacetylases (denoted by HDsor HDACs).
HDAC inhibitors (HDI)• Trichostatin A (TSA) and valproic acid are of the twomain groups of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDI)which alter gene expression by interfering with histonedeacetylases (HDAC).• The classical HDIs act by binding to the zinc containingcatalytic domain of the HDACs.• HDIs have a long history of use in psychiatry andneurology as mood stabilizers and anti-epileptics• Also in recent years, there has been an effort to developHDIs as a cancer treatment (SAHA and TSA).****Therefore:• Histone acetylation actives gene• Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inactivates the gene• Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HAD such as TSA)reactivates the gene
Page 1: EpigeneticsFern Tsien, PhDDept. of
Page 5 and 6: Genomic imprinting
Page 7 and 8: Human Genomic Imprinting Map
Page 9 and 10: Genomic imprinting• Is necessary
Page 11 and 12: Pipetfertilized oocyteremove 1 nucl
Page 13 and 14: fertilized oocyte• Double-materna
Page 15 and 16: CONCLUSIONCompletion of embryogenes
Page 17 and 18: What controls epigenetics andgenomi
Page 19 and 20: ImprintestablishmentandpropagationI
Page 21 and 22: DNA MethylationCCDNA methylation re
Page 23 and 24: DNA methyl groups can directly inte
Page 25 and 26: DNA Methylation and CancerAbnormal
Page 27 and 28: DNA Methylation and CancerAbnormal
Page 29 and 30: Chromatin:DNA, Histones,and non-his
Page 31: Compaction of DNA• Histone protei
Page 35 and 36: Human Imprinting Map
Page 37 and 38: Angelman syndrome -AS• ‘Happy P
Page 39 and 40: Pathogenic mechanisms in PWS and AS
Page 41 and 42: Angelman syndromeIIIASP15PWSASPWS +
Page 43 and 44: How can epigenetics affectYOU????
Page 45 and 46: Epigenetics and environment• Phar
Page 47 and 48: Environment• A growing number of
Page 49 and 50: Identical twins:• Same genotype
Page 51 and 52: Epigenetics•These are two identic
Page 53: Thank you!!!!

Epigenetics - LSUHSC Human Development Center

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