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3.1.11 Cooperate with neighbouring countries <strong>to</strong> establish an enabling environment fortransboundary protected areas and for neighbouring protected areas across nationalboundaries and o<strong>the</strong>r similar approaches including regional networks.The development of a transboundary protected area in <strong>the</strong> Pamirs was first proposedin 1914 by <strong>the</strong> Russian, Simon Tienshasky. More recently, scientists, developmentagencies, intergovernmental organizations, and NGOs have all raised <strong>the</strong> idea andhave been working on a regional basis in <strong>the</strong> hopes of taking advantage of a windowof opportunity. A conference entitled Pamirs, Source of Fresh Water for Central Asiawas held in Tajikistan in 2003, in which a presentation from Pakistan promoted <strong>the</strong>idea of a Pamirs International Conservancy, including large mountain tracts adjoining<strong>the</strong> Pamirs. In 2004, <strong>the</strong> Kabul office of AKF proposed a comprehensive four-countryprogram which it termed Pamir Conservation: Pamir Integrated Development. In2005, <strong>the</strong> Asian Development Bank also proposed a transboundary protected areawithin this region.The International Workshop on Wildlife and Habitat Conservation in <strong>the</strong> Pamirs washeld on September 2006 in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China. Government representatives, aswell as representatives of IUCN, WCS and WWF, joined <strong>the</strong> workshop <strong>to</strong> exchange<strong>the</strong>ir experience and information regarding <strong>the</strong> Pamirs and <strong>to</strong> discuss <strong>the</strong> issues ofconservation and transboundary cooperation. The overall response was positive, withstrong interest by all participants in establishing transboundary protection of <strong>the</strong> Pamirregion. These actions culminated in a draft of <strong>the</strong> Pamirs Transboundary ProtectedArea Action Plan.Much of <strong>the</strong> area under consideration already is, or may soon be, in reserves andneeds only minor additions and adjustments <strong>to</strong> become a formal and functional entity.These are:• Pakistan-- Khunjerab <strong>National</strong> Park (6,150 km²).• China-- Taxkorgan Nature Reserve (about 14 000 km²)• Tajikistan--Zorkul Strictly Protected Area (870 km²)• Afghanistan-- efforts are underway <strong>to</strong> create three proposedprotected areas; Big Pamir Wildlife Reserve (ca. 679 km²), LittlePamir Protected Area (ca. 240 km²) and Waghjir Protected Area(ca. 130 km²)The process is currently on hold because of a variety of concerns expressed byseveral of <strong>the</strong> partner countries. It is expected that <strong>the</strong> process will be reinitiated when<strong>the</strong> time is right.3.2.1 By 2006 complete national protected-area capacity needs assessments, andestablish capacity building programmes on <strong>the</strong> basis of <strong>the</strong>se assessments including <strong>the</strong>creation of curricula, resources and programs for <strong>the</strong> sustained delivery of protected areasmanagement training.No system-wide capacity needs assessment has been done or is planned.3.2.2 Establish effective mechanisms <strong>to</strong> document existing knowledge and experiences onprotected area management, including traditional knowledge in accordance with Article 8(j) and Related Provisions, and identify knowledge and skills gaps.No mechanisms have been established or are planned.Afghanistan’s <strong>Fourth</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity30 March, 2009104
3.2.3 Exchange lessons learnt, information and capacity-building experiences amongcountries and relevant organizations, through <strong>the</strong> Clearing-house Mechanisms and o<strong>the</strong>rmeans.A Sister Parks initiative is being discussed which would pair Scott’s Bluff <strong>National</strong>Monument in Nebraska with Band-i-Amir.3.2.5 Improve <strong>the</strong> capacity of protected areas institutions <strong>to</strong> develop sustainable financingthrough fiscal incentives, environmental services, and o<strong>the</strong>r instruments.Under <strong>the</strong> SCAPoWPA programme, revenue sharing agreements will be put in placethat allow some of <strong>the</strong> revenues raised from protected areas <strong>to</strong> be used formanagement.3.3.5 Increase technology transfer and cooperation <strong>to</strong> improve protected areamanagement.There has been nothing <strong>to</strong> date.3.4.1 Conduct a national-level study by 2005 of <strong>the</strong> effectiveness in using existingfinancial resources and of financial needs related <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> national system of protected areasand identify options for meeting <strong>the</strong>se needs through a mixture of national andinternational resources and taking in<strong>to</strong> account <strong>the</strong> whole range of possible fundinginstruments, such as public funding, debt for nature swaps, elimination of perverseincentives and subsidies, private funding, taxes and fees for ecological services .Not done.3.4.2 By 2008, establish and begin <strong>to</strong> implement country-level sustainable financing plansthat support national systems of protected areas, including necessary regula<strong>to</strong>ry,legislative, policy, institutional and o<strong>the</strong>r measures.Not done.3.4.3 Support and fur<strong>the</strong>r develop international funding programmes <strong>to</strong> supportimplementation of national and regional systems of protected areas in developingcountries and countries with economies in transition and small island developing States.Not done.3.4.4 Collaborate with o<strong>the</strong>r countries <strong>to</strong> develop and implement sustainable financingprogrammes for national and regional systems of protected areas.Not done.3.4.5 Provide regular information on protected areas financing <strong>to</strong> relevant institutions andmechanisms, including through future national reports under <strong>the</strong> <strong>Convention</strong> on BiologicalDiversity, and <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> World Database on Protected Areas.Not done.3.4.6 Encourage integration of protected areas needs in<strong>to</strong> national and, where applicable,regional development and financing strategies and development cooperationprogrammes.Protected area financing has been included in <strong>the</strong> strategic plans of MoAIL.Afghanistan’s <strong>Fourth</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity30 March, 2009105
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Executive SummaryThis report compri
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• Write a NBSAP for Afghanistan i
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3.1. AFGHANISTAN’S BIODIVERSITY L
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IntroductionIn April 2002,
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status in Afghanistan for which we
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number of assumptions, as much as h
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appears to be a co
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declining population for th
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The oak forests of Paktiya and Khos
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7. Establish community-based manage
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institutional, legal and human capa
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2.2.3. Wildlife Conservation Societ
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people understand the</stro
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The policies are addressing how cha
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• Article 41 states that
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ecognize the role
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3.2.4. National En
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• UNFCCC Focal Point NEPA• Ozon
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SEA’s mission is protection of <s
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Afghanistan is not a Party
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the individual, or
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Estada, although nobody has reporte
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• Figure 6. Trend in Afghanistan
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4.1.8. Goal 8. Maintain capacity of
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• SCAPoWPA funding to</st
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Convention.4.2. Ev
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Literature CitedBai Z.G., Dent D.L.
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Morarjee, R. and S. Fidler. 2007. F
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UNEP-WCMC. 2009. UNEP-WCMC Species
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Page 67 and 68: Appendix II: furthe</strong
Page 69 and 70: Journal of Biology 19: 269-76.9.
Page 71 and 72: 25. Lapparent, A. F. 1966. Les dép
Page 73 and 74: 22. Finn, F. 1896. List of
Page 75 and 76: Afghanistan. 119-64.64. Nogge, G. 1
Page 78 and 79: Unpubl. rpt.Dasht-i- Nawar1. Breckl
Page 80 and 81: 5. ———. 1973. Reorganization
Page 82 and 83: Sci. Nat. Brun. 12: 1-45.25. Nalban
Page 84 and 85: UenoKyoto: Kyo<str
Page 86 and 87: Scientific Expedition to</s
Page 88 and 89: 28. Habibi, K. "The vertebrate faun
Page 90 and 91: 64. ———. 1966. Zur Ernährung
Page 92 and 93: 100. Tokuda, M. 1966. On a vole and
Page 94 and 95: 22. Schaller, G. B., and A. Kang. 2
Page 96 and 97: 31. ———. 1971. Ist Diarthron
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Page 100 and 101: 98. Lapparent, A. F. de. 1962. Obse
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Page 104 and 105: Afghanistan.Asian Development Bank
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Page 108 and 109: 24. ———. 1968. The wildfowl a
Page 110 and 111: 1.1.5 …complete protected area sy
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Page 114 and 115: As noted in Section 3.3.2., several
Page 118 and 119: 3.5.1 Establish or strength
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Page 122 and 123: Appendix IV: National</stro
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Page 126 and 127: Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Par
Page 128 and 129: Table 2. Summary of listings for Af
Page 130 and 131: Table 4. Afghan languages at risk f
Page 132 and 133: Figure 2. Afghanistan’s major bio
Page 134 and 135: Figure 4. Status of WWF ecoregions
Page 136 and 137: Afghanistan's Cons
Page 138: Afghanistan's Bioc
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