Afghanistan's Fourth National Report to the Convention on ...

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2.2.6. University of California- DavisThe USAID funded Pas<strong>to</strong>ral Engagement, Adaptation and Capacity Enhancement(PEACE) Project is being implemented by <strong>the</strong> University of California at Davis. It appliesforage and animal moni<strong>to</strong>ring technology of <strong>the</strong> Lives<strong>to</strong>ck Early Warning System (LEWS)technology developed in East Africa and Mongolia. LEWS uses a satellite-based wea<strong>the</strong>rand vegetation greenness technology coupled with biophysical models <strong>to</strong> predict forageconditions across <strong>the</strong> landscape. LEWS, along with animal nutrition moni<strong>to</strong>ringtechnologies and information technology for markets, allows pas<strong>to</strong>ralists and developmentdecision-makers <strong>to</strong> be proactive in implementing appropriate range-lives<strong>to</strong>ck managementpractices. Implementing <strong>the</strong>se practices protects <strong>the</strong> natural resource base and improves<strong>the</strong> livelihoods of pas<strong>to</strong>ralists using <strong>the</strong> rangelands.2.2.7. Catholic Relief Services (CRS)In recognition of <strong>the</strong> need <strong>to</strong> address both poverty and resource overuse, CRS has initiated asustainable land management programme that aims at combining bio-physical watershed res<strong>to</strong>rationactivities with support for income generation and <strong>the</strong> provision of agricultural services. Interventionsrange from <strong>the</strong> construction of water harvesting schemes <strong>to</strong> community-based re-vegetationprograms in support of agro-enterprise activities. CRS also works with communities and governmentagencies <strong>to</strong> encourage and support Community Based Resource Management initiatives that includebiodiversity protection components in selected micro-watersheds of western and central Afghanistan,in accordance with new national laws being developed.2.3. Specific <strong>Report</strong>ing Requested in COP 8 Decisions2.3.1. Decision VIII/5 (Article 8j)Article 8(j) states :Decision VII/5, adopted by <strong>the</strong> COP in March 2006,calls upon members <strong>to</strong> submit reports on progress inachieving national participation of indigenous and localcommunities in biodiversity conservation and <strong>to</strong> submitinformation on implementation of <strong>the</strong> Program of Workon Article 8(j).Article 8(j) requires each party <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> CBD <strong>to</strong> respecttraditional conservation and sustainable use practicesof local people and ensure that <strong>the</strong>y benefit from <strong>the</strong>irtraditional knowledge and practices (see Box 1).The CBD has developed a Program of Work on Article8(j) (http://www.cbd.int/traditional/pow.shtml).Unlike <strong>the</strong> PoWPA, no funding is made available forLesser Developed Countries (LDCs) <strong>to</strong> implement thisEach contracting Party shall, as far aspossible and as appropriate:Subject <strong>to</strong> national legislation,respect, preserve and maintainknowledge, innovations andpractices of indigenous and localcommunities embodying traditionallifestyles relevant for <strong>the</strong>conservation and sustainable use ofbiological diversity and promote<strong>the</strong>ir wider application with <strong>the</strong>approval and involvement of <strong>the</strong>holders of such knowledge,innovations and practices andencourage <strong>the</strong> equitable sharing of<strong>the</strong> benefits arising from <strong>the</strong>utilization of such knowledgeinnovations and practices.PoW, but <strong>the</strong>re is a “Voluntary Trust Fund” intended <strong>to</strong> facilitate <strong>the</strong> participation ofindigenous and local communities in <strong>the</strong> meetings related <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> PoW. No Afghan grouphas yet accessed this fund.During <strong>the</strong> NCSA process (Shank 2006), <strong>the</strong> Biodiversity Working Group identified Article8(j) as a high priority issue and indicated two general actions <strong>to</strong> address it:• Undertake a broad campaign of public awareness and education forbiodiversity and sustainable use. Dialogue should be two-wayensuring that traditional practices are documented. Ensure that localAfghanistan’s <strong>Fourth</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity30 March, 200918
people understand <strong>the</strong> benefits of preserving genetic diversity.(Considered as High Impact/High Cost and of secondary priority)• Inven<strong>to</strong>ry traditional practice and knowledge of conservation andsustainable use used by rural people. (Considered High Impact andLow Cost and of primary priority)However, awareness of 8(j) as an obligation of <strong>the</strong> CBD is not high in Afghanistan and<strong>the</strong>re have been no formal steps taken <strong>to</strong> specifically address it.Regardless, <strong>the</strong> general principle that local people should be engaged in conservation isreflected in many initiatives. For example, Article 38(3) of <strong>the</strong> EL states that one of <strong>the</strong>three objectives of <strong>the</strong> national protected area system is <strong>to</strong> “ensure sustainable use ofnatural resources by involving local communities in all activities related <strong>to</strong> protected areas,including designating and delimiting areas, developing integrated management plans, andmanaging protected areas.” The draft Protected Area Regulations require thatmanagement of each protected area be overseen by a Protected Area Committeecomprised of a majority of community representatives. The Band-i-Amir Protected AreaCommittee (BAPAC) has been established in accordance with <strong>the</strong> draft Regulations and isfunctioning effectively. WCS has facilitated formation of <strong>the</strong> Wakhan Pamir Associationcomprised of 42 villages in <strong>the</strong> Wakhan and intended <strong>to</strong> address conservation issues,particularly formation of <strong>the</strong> Big Pamir Wildlife Reserve. The FAO Biodiversity Project(Section 2.2.1.4.) is extensively documenting traditional knowledge and use of Afghanmedicinal and aromatic plants.2.3.2. Decision VIII/24 (Protected Areas)Decision VIII/24, adopted at <strong>the</strong> COP in March 2006, urges Parties <strong>to</strong> reviewimplementation of <strong>the</strong> Programme of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA) in nationalreports. Afghanistan’s approach <strong>to</strong> implementation has been two-pronged.The first is an ad hoc approach <strong>to</strong>wards meeting <strong>the</strong> targets by simply establishing aprotected areas system in accordance with opportunities and constraints.The second is <strong>the</strong> much more targeted approach entailed in applying for and receivingGEF/UNDP funding <strong>to</strong> implement portions of <strong>the</strong> PoWPA . In 2008, NEPA was successfulin its application for a GEF/UNDP Supporting Country Action on <strong>the</strong> CBD Programme ofWork on Protected Areas (SCAPoWPA) grant. The grant was for $200 000 over threeyears with an additional $391,700 in matching funding. Implementation is being organizedby WCS.The Initial Programme Analysis showed that Afghanistan’s level of protected areadevelopment is in <strong>the</strong> initial phase only. To date, no protected areas have been formallyestablished and formal steps <strong>to</strong>ward recognition have so far been limited <strong>to</strong> one area, <strong>the</strong>Band-i-Amir Lakes region. The primary focus of <strong>the</strong> proposed work is <strong>the</strong>refore focused onthose activities and outcomes that will provide <strong>the</strong> most stable framework and platform formoving forward.The project envisions four major outcomes. The first is a <strong>National</strong> Protected Area GapAnalysis. The current status of protected area proposals in Afghanistan remains primarilya function of past proposals (dating back <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> 1970s) revisited with some additions andchanges resulting from recent survey work. However, <strong>to</strong> date, no systematic gap analysishas been conducted <strong>to</strong> analyze <strong>the</strong>se proposals and determine <strong>the</strong>ir ability <strong>to</strong> representand protect Afghanistan’s biological diversity.Afghanistan’s <strong>Fourth</strong> <strong>National</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Convention</strong> on Biological Diversity30 March, 200919
Page 4: Executive SummaryThis report compri
Page 7 and 8: • Write a NBSAP for Afghanistan i
Page 9 and 10: 3.1. AFGHANISTAN’S BIODIVERSITY L
Page 13 and 14: IntroductionIn April 2002,
Page 15 and 16: status in Afghanistan for which we
Page 17 and 18: number of assumptions, as much as h
Page 19 and 20: appears to be a co
Page 21 and 22: declining population for th
Page 23 and 24: The oak forests of Paktiya and Khos
Page 25 and 26: 7. Establish community-based manage
Page 27 and 28: institutional, legal and human capa
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Page 33 and 34: The policies are addressing how cha
Page 35 and 36: • Article 41 states that
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Page 41 and 42: • UNFCCC Focal Point NEPA• Ozon
Page 43 and 44: SEA’s mission is protection of <s
Page 45 and 46: Afghanistan is not a Party
Page 47 and 48: the individual, or
Page 49 and 50: Estada, although nobody has reporte
Page 51 and 52: • Figure 6. Trend in Afghanistan
Page 53 and 54: 4.1.8. Goal 8. Maintain capacity of
Page 55 and 56: • SCAPoWPA funding to</st
Page 57 and 58: Convention.4.2. Ev
Page 59 and 60: Literature CitedBai Z.G., Dent D.L.
Page 61 and 62: Morarjee, R. and S. Fidler. 2007. F
Page 63 and 64: UNEP-WCMC. 2009. UNEP-WCMC Species
Page 65 and 66: Process of Preparation of N
Page 67 and 68: Appendix II: furthe</strong
Page 69 and 70: Journal of Biology 19: 269-76.9.
Page 71 and 72: 25. Lapparent, A. F. 1966. Les dép
Page 73 and 74: 22. Finn, F. 1896. List of
Page 75 and 76: Afghanistan. 119-64.64. Nogge, G. 1
Page 78 and 79: Unpubl. rpt.Dasht-i- Nawar1. Breckl
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5. ———. 1973. Reorganization
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Sci. Nat. Brun. 12: 1-45.25. Nalban
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UenoKyoto: Kyo<str
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Scientific Expedition to</s
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28. Habibi, K. "The vertebrate faun
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64. ———. 1966. Zur Ernährung
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100. Tokuda, M. 1966. On a vole and
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22. Schaller, G. B., and A. Kang. 2
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31. ———. 1971. Ist Diarthron
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(Contribution to <
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98. Lapparent, A. F. de. 1962. Obse
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(contributions to
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Afghanistan.Asian Development Bank
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23. Steven C. Anderson, S. C., and
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24. ———. 1968. The wildfowl a
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1.1.5 …complete protected area sy
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1.4.2 Identify appropriate measurab
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As noted in Section 3.3.2., several
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3.1.11 Cooperate with neighbouring
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3.5.1 Establish or strength
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(ii) A preliminary assessment of <s
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Appendix IV: National</stro
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Prionailurus bengalensis Leopard Ca
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Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Par
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Table 2. Summary of listings for Af
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Table 4. Afghan languages at risk f
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Figure 2. Afghanistan’s major bio
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Figure 4. Status of WWF ecoregions
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Afghanistan's Cons
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Afghanistan's Bioc
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