A nifty means of transport and mobile electrical storage ... - Siemens

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The future is electric, clean and quiet
A nifty means of transport and mobile electrical storage
device in one: E-cars pick up speed
Society, industry and politics can no longer ignore the subject of
electromobility, especially in view of the continuing problems posed by climate
change, rising fuel prices and the global sales crisis in the automotive market.
So there are good reasons why the idea of electrically driven vehicles is now
being revived over a 100 years since they were first tested. New technical
developments – in drive technology and batteries, for example – are imparting a
further boost. However, this topic is also giving rise to totally new business
segments and alliances that pose challenges for automotive manufacturers and
suppliers, the energy industry and policymakers. There is the question of
creating the necessary infrastructures (smart grids) as well as production and
“refueling”. They demand innovative solutions: For instance, the electric
vehicles should be able to store and return energy – and so act as load sinks in
the event of overcapacities and also as sources of energy to help cope with
peak loads in the network. Siemens addresses this trend with its ecological
commitment and portfolio of products and solutions for electromobile
applications.
The automotive industry, associations and policymakers predict a thriving future for
electromobility in general and specifically for the electric car. Under the German
government’s “National Electromobility Development Plan”, more than a million
electric vehicles are to be on the road in Germany alone by 2020 – a noble objective
given that the technology is more than a 100 years old. Nevertheless, developers and
industry have yet to come up with a vehicle that is suitable for everyday use. That’s
because up to now the batteries have simply been too expensive and heavy for mass
production.
Despite research into alternative propulsion concepts, such as hydrogen and fuel
cells, development of storage technologies for electric drives continued. And with
pleasing results – after all, all large manufacturers are now busy designing such
vehicles and making them suitable for mass production and use. The first results
were recently presented to the public, for instance at the Geneva Auto Salon or the
IAA motor show in Frankfurt. Daimler, for example, is planning series production of an
electric version of its Smart microcar as of 2012 and is aiming for tens of thousands to
roll off the belt every year. The battery will be rechargable from a simple mains socket
and enable a range of 115 kilometers.
Intelligent and environmentally friendly: A rosy – and green – future
The government’s goal of a million electric cars on German roads in ten years’ time
happily means the additional electricity required will rise only slightly, according to the
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country’s Renewable Energy Federation (BEE). This extra consumption can even be
covered without problems through the growth in renewable energies. For example:
Electricity generated from renewable energies increased from 2007 to 2008 by some
4.3 billion kilowatt-hours – more than twice the total consumption by the electric car
fleet forecast by the government in 2020.
However, there is the further challenge of developing workable business models for
the future. After all, selling electricity for electric vehicles just does not pay off given
their energy efficiency and current energy prices – especially when you also consider
the enormous investments required to create the necessary infrastructure.
Another focal aspect is currently a power supply system to flank everything. After all,
the system of the future – the smart grid – must be intelligent and flexible, otherwise it
will not be able to integrate the large volumes of fluctuating wind and solar electricity
and the growing number of small, local power generators. Key technologies within
these smart grids will include smart meters and virtual power plants to contribute
intelligence to the medium- and low-voltage grids. They will meet future requirements
as regards dynamic market activity, forecast mechanisms and quick balancing.
The car as a source of revenue
In general, it is always helpful to look further afield and to think about more than just
the car itself when it comes to the issue of electromobility. “Looking to the near future,
we have to take all possible electrically driven vehicles into account. Such drives
already play important roles in various specialized areas, such as at warehouses or
airports,” says Christian Lechler, Account Line Manager at Siemens IT Solutions and
Services – Industry, Energy, Healthcare. “As far as cars and trucks are concerned,
the purely electric drive is not all that important at present – unlike the hybrid-electric
drive.”
“A key factor in our commitment is for our developments and offers to keep pace with
how society thinks and acts green,” notes Markus Zahnjel, head of the Car
Electronics Automotive segment at Siemens IT Solutions and Services. “We mainly
focus on applications that relate to driving, but also ones above and beyond that. One
example is the use of vehicles or entire fleets as load sinks, i.e. a sort of electricity
store: When there is too much energy in the grid, it can be delivered to the
electromobiles. If the vehicles no longer require it or need a lower quantity at a
specific time, the energy can be fed back into the grid, possibly even at a profit to the
car owners, for example if there happens to be a shortage of electricity. Existing fleets
where uniform conditions predominate are currently suitable for such energy
brokering models. However, commuters with their set routes and times at which they
travel, as well as second cars, which are normally not used for long trips, are potential
targets.”
The basis for such models is networking of the vehicles with the infrastructure – for
instance the smart grid, which can also be used as a tool for communication. Thanks
to them, the e-cars are informed of the current electricity price by the network
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operator and then decide independently whether to buy or supply it, i.e. feed it back
into the grid – naturally always taking into account the distance left to travel and the
battery power required for it. It is also conceivable for tomorrow’s e-cars to utilize the
information in the vehicle owner’s calendar or the destination in the navigation device
to decide on the best strategy.
“Charge her up, please”
What is now needed is innovative ideas and actions, with a focus on further feasible
and potential components that will make a business model for electromobility
workable worldwide. Zahnjel has a quick response to how using vehicles as load
sinks when there is too much energy in the grid offers further benefits apart from the
monetary aspect: “Renewable sources, such as wind and solar power, deliver energy
only on an irregular basis, which makes forecasting difficult. Electric cars with
batteries are a highly promising means of being able to buffer or store surplus
capacities.” The power grid itself cannot assume this function since it is a finely
balanced system in which supply and demand must always be exactly in equilibrium,
otherwise the frequency of the alternating voltage deviates from the prescribed 50
hertz: It falls when demand is too high and increases when there is an excess supply.
That would result in damage to the connected consumers, such as PCs, machines,
motors or generators.
The following situation illustrates why such load sink models are a sensible
alternative: Excess supply is a problem because German network operators are
compelled under the Renewable Energy Act to give preference to electricity from
renewable sources when feeding power into their grid. If there is a large supply of
renewable energy, conventional power plants have to be shut down.
The upshot may be grotesque consequences. If there is too much wind, the surplus
energy must be dumped at giveaway prices on Leipzig Energy Exchange – in the
worst case at a negative price. However, some operators prefer to accept that rather
than submit to the high cost and effort of shutting down their plant. This is where ecars
come in: If they are connected by cable to the power grid, their batteries can be
used as local buffer stores. Although their storage capacity is small compared with
the amount of energy required in the grid, this shortcoming can quickly be made good
thanks to their large number and current conduction with a power of up to 40 kW with
3-phase charging per vehicle.
Electric is now trendy – and green is the icing on the cake
For decades, the car has been the object of a wide range of technical innovations and
above all the pride and joy of Germans. Now there is further potential as a result of
electromobility: Green and lifestyle aspects are gaining in importance as an incentive
to buy e-cars. “The image of e-cars as sluggish, slow and ugly no longer holds true.
Solely in terms of driving dynamics and acceleration, conventional gasoline-powered
vehicles have long since ceased to be a match for e-cars in towns and cities. The
new electric motorcycles, for instance, accelerate noiselessly from 0 to 50 in two
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seconds,” states Zahnjel. “What’s more, you spare the environment – a factor that is
increasingly swaying more and more customers. And, of course, it’s far cheaper
driving on electricity than gasoline.”
As regards the technology required for electromobile models suitable for everyday
use, most of it already exists and can be implemented. “The hardware is ready for
use, even though prices still need to be squeezed down. The main challenges are to
develop and implement a financially tenable business model and to interconnect the
different systems. The fact is that a practicable overall e-car system stands or falls by
the integrated solution concepts that exist and not by the individual hardware
components which various manufacturers put on the market at regular intervals,” is
the consideration raised by energy expert Lechler.
The conditions are therefore clearly defined. Now industry and policymakers must do
their homework to prevent the e-car hype from bursting like a bubble – as has been
the case with many other developments once feted as revolutionary – and passing
the high-tech location of Germany by. “There is now a good foundation in the shape
of a number of global funding programs,” reports Zahnjel. “They focus on research
into the vehicles themselves, i.e. components, electric motor batteries or power
electronics. There is also a series of field trials that for the first time are investigating
and testing interaction between vehicles and the infrastructure and the underlying
business models.”
Lechler adds: “Basically, what we’re looking for at the moment is a real all-round
talent. Nevertheless, the day will soon come within these many complex projects
when all the general conditions are right and a feasible business case emerges.” It is
not just customers who benefit from these developments, but also the chemicals
industry (battery development) and of course the electrical engineering industry,
automotive manufacturers and suppliers, utilities and, last but not least, the service
sector – and that also includes IT service providers like Siemens IT Solutions and
Services.
Basic infrastructure work: Electromobility in the smart grid
Before the quiet and eco-friendly speedsters become a common sight on the roads,
quite a bit still has to be done as regards the infrastructure for e-mobility.
Interdisciplinary thinking across sectors is called for. After all, if we want
electromobiles to be available everywhere, at low-cost and suitable for mass use, we
not only need a drive that works, but also an infrastructure to match: Only then will the
vision become reality. “The infrastructures are crucial to success,” is Lechler’s
conviction. “It’s not enough to create business models where electricity is sold at the
pump like now at conventional service stations. That’s because the vehicles require
only a very low amount of electricity, whereas the fueling process itself consumes a
great deal of power. However, according to current estimates, power consumption –
assuming a million electric vehicles on Germany’s roads – will increase by a mere
one percent. That means selling electricity only to e-cars will not be a profitable
business for utilities and also offers too small an incentive for other sectors to invest.”
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There are other challenges: The objective is to enable electromobiles to be recharged
anywhere – at the garage, the supermarket or office parking lot. A service provider is
to bill for the electricity used. However, that can only work if every vehicle is identified
unambiguously and all the data is exchanged securely and in real time between the
on-board electronics and pump.
Recent figures from the German Renewable Energy Federation (BEE) show what
inroads renewable energies have made into everyday life in Germany: Almost every
one-in-ten kilowatt-hour consumed in Germany in 2008 was generated from
renewable energy (9.6 percent of total energy consumption). The positive effects of
renewable energies are particularly clear in economic terms: Last year alone, the cost
of importing fuel was able to be reduced by 7.8 billion euros as a result. Moreover, the
external costs for damage to the climate, environment and health as a result of power
generation fell by 9.2 billion euros. “That means renewable energies reduced the
financial burden on the economy and consumers by 17 billion euros last year,”
calculates the BEE’s President Dietmar Schütz – a figure matching that for the first
Economic Stimulus Package adopted by the German government in December 2008.
Trends in the individual segments in the renewable energy sector in 2008:
Power generation
The power generated from renewable energy rose last year to 15.3 percent of
Germany’s total electricity supply (2007: 14.5%). Compared with 2007, the amount of
electricity produced from renewable resources increased from 89.6 to 95.1 billion
kWh, or by 6.1%. Most of this – 40.3 billion kWh – again came from wind power
(2007: 39.7), followed by bioenergy, which accounted for some 28.7 billion kWh
(2007: 25.7). Hydroelectric power supplied 21.8 billion kWh (2007: 21.2).
Photovoltaics contributed 4.3 billion kWh to the power generated in Germany, an
increase of 40 percent over 2007 and by far the strongest growing segment. As in the
previous year, geothermal energy made a contribution of 4 million kWh.
Heat generation
The share of heat supplied by renewable sources in Germany rose to 7.3 percent
(2007: 6.8%). Heat generated from bioenergy, solar power and geothermal energy
increased from 90.9 billion kWh in 2007 to 98.5 billion kWh, or by 8.4%. The lion’s
share – 90.2 billion kWh – came from bioenergy (2007: 84.2). Solar power supplied
5.3 and geothermal energy 3.0 billion kWh of heat in 2008, an increase of 20 and 30
percent respectively over 2007.
Biofuel production
The share accounted for by biofuels in total fuel consumption slumped from 7.6
percent in 2007 to 5.9 due to the discontinuation of tax breaks for biodiesel and
vegetable oils – a fall of 22 percent from 46.5 billion kWh in 2007 to 36.3 billion kWh.
Only bioethanol recorded a significant increase: The amount of energy from it rose
from 3.4 to 4.3 billion kWh.
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Renewable energies are to cover almost half of Germany’s energy needs – 47
percent – in 2020. This will also ensure a secure supply of power, even at times of
maximum demand, according to the recent “Power Supply 2020“ development
forecast presented by the BEE and the Renewable Energy Agency in Berlin at the
beginning of 2009.
The positive effects of renewable energies on climate protection, fuel imports and the
labor market are considerable, according to the latest industry forecast: The sector is
now making an extremely effective contribution to protecting the climate and in 2008
reduced carbon dioxide emissions by almost 87 million tons alone in the area of
power generation. This figure is expected to increase to more than 200 million tons a
year by 2020. There will be a corresponding fall in the need for fossil fuels,
accompanied by a reduction in the high costs of imports and external costs for
damage to the climate and environment. The savings will run into the billions and be
far in excess of expenditure on expanding renewable energies. There will also be a
positive impact on the labor market, with the number of jobs in the renewable energy
sector increasing from 250,000 at present to at least 500,000 in 2020.
Innovative business models with a mixed cost strategy pave the way
The cars now being offered on the market are simply far more expensive that
gasoline-driven cars. That is mainly attributable to the battery, since all the other
components are just as expensive, if not cheaper. A high-performance battery for
electrical vehicles, for example, now costs around 10,000 euros. A mixed cost model
is therefore a suitable financing model. “It would be conceivable for the vehicle itself
to be a fixed price component, whereas the expensive battery technology is financed
by means of energy brokering. That mean: A vehicle can not only absorb electricity,
but also resell it if required, i.e. act bi-directionally as a consumer and source of
energy. Car owners can sell the stored energy they do not need back to the grid at a
profit,” states Lechler.
That obviously requires powerful, cutting-edge information and communications
technology (ICT), primarily for the vehicle itself: Only smart solutions will enable them
to be act as a load sink or a source of energy and permit billing of the used or
returned electricity. One basic requirement is that the vehicle must constantly be
connected to an ICT-based infrastructure responsible for handling the billing and
control processes. “We are talking here of control mechanisms that communicate with
the vehicles and charging stations. However, the charging or discharging process
must naturally be integrated in a billing system which can in turn be used as a basis
for load forecasts for cities or their districts. These then help control the power grid,”
says Zahnjel.
A great challenge – and also an opportunity for Siemens IT Solutions and Services, to
pioneer and help shape this innovative technology from the outset – is a smart means
of calculating and billing the energy that has been returned or fuelled. After all, the
current model based on kilowatt-hours does not work for e-cars or is only feasible to a
limited extent. The quantities are sometimes too low or can only be captured at very
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great cost and effort for the existing electricity billing systems as we know them now
to be applied expediently. “Models like the flat rates or other variants we know from
telecommunications providers will be conceivable in future. We see ourselves very
clearly as a provider and expert from day one because we have the industry knowhow
and solution competence, for example in smart meters,” is the conviction of the
automotive specialist.
Changing batteries: Simple handling and speed are essential
Yet before we can start taking about such complex billing models and they are ready
to be deployed, a number of technical challenges have to be overcome – for example,
the issue of changing batteries, where large and complex systems are needed and
high requirements relating to personal safety have to be met. Although the systems
permit a rapid throughput –like fuelling today at a conventional service station – the
cost and effort is huge. Moreover, changing batteries might represent a transitional
solution provided battery technology is improved. However, once the infrastructures
for it have been created, this complex structure will also be transformed into a simple
process. “The changing stations can then be turned into fast charging stations where
the batteries in the vehicle can be completely recharged in the space of five to ten
minutes. Such stations are mainly focused on fleets, since mature systems with
known environmental conditions predominate in them and so precise planning is
possible. They also enable larger distances to be traveled,” says Lechler with an eye
to the future.
The EDISON (Electric vehicles in a Distributed and Integrated market using
Sustainable energy and Open Networks) project in Denmark
EDISON is the first and most extensive project of its type and aims to supply a vehicle
pool from the mains socket with electricity generated from the fluctuating source of
wind power. Up to 20 percent of Denmark’s energy already comes from the
thousands of wind turbines along and off the country’s coasts, a figure that is to be
increased to 50 percent by 2050. Vehicle and grid technology will be developed and
advanced in the next two years so that excess electricity generated from wind power
does not have to be passed on to neighboring countries at great expense. Practical
testing is to commence on Bornholm in 2011. The planned bidirectional flow of energy
harbors enormous potential: 200,000 vehicles connected to the grid with a power of
40 kWh, can quickly deliver eight gigawatts. By comparison, that is more than the
normal power Germany currently needs as a cushion for peak consumption times, for
example at breakfast time or in the early evening.
Siemens is a member of the EDISON consortium and is responsible for the areas of
fast charging and battery replacement systems. Other partners are the Technical
University of Denmark (DTU) and its research center, Dong Energy, Eurisco and IBM.
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The energy business becomes an Internet business
Energy expert Lechner sums up the technological requirements for the overall emobility
architecture as follows: “Electromobiles need information from the primary
sources of traffic management systems and telematics solutions. Combined with user
profiles and actual (driving) behavior, this data is merged with that from the energy
management systems and aggregated to give an overall forecast at the end of the
process. As a result, mobility providers can plan exactly and know when and how
much energy they need for which customer.”
This is almost automatically accompanied by additional business models: If the
vehicle is constantly connected to the Internet or another service provider, it makes
sense to offer services above and beyond searching for a parking space and
information on contract repair shops. “Take, for example, the Apple App Store, an
extremely successful business model that works excellently in the world of mobile
terminal devices. A similar scenario is likewise conceivable for a mobile terminal
device like a vehicle, for instance to pay automatically for parking or to find a nearby
restaurant and reserve a table right away. By offering such services, providers can
enhance their portfolio to deliver important added value that may be crucial to their
success,” is Zahnjel’s conviction.
A further area where work still needs to be done is to achieve global consensus on
consistent standards for communication and models such as roaming. “There are
adapters for plugs, so that is not a challenge,” notes Zahnjel. “Things get tougher
when one billing system has to communicate with another. In the medium term, there
are bound to be service providers for conurbations who offer the same
communications standards. That means the identical ICT is used in the vehicle and
by the service provider – and my car works just as well in Munich as in Hamburg or
Paris.”
Ever further, ever better: The telco industry as a model
The Munich-based high-tech group is taking an end-to-end approach to the e-car –
and has forged an alliance within the group: The IT and energy experts from Siemens
IT Solutions and Services and from the Energy and Industry Sectors work hand in
hand – and the smart grid is the element that unites them.
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Siemens’ overall solution expertise in the e-car arena:
Siemens IT Solutions and Services:
- Overall system management: System integration, ICT network integration, ICT
network infrastructure
- Traffic management: Navigation, telematics and fleet solutions
- Provision of back-office systems, for example for billing
- Identification and authentication solutions
- Communications solutions
- Service management and value added services, such as location-based
services and information
Energy Sector:
- Technical management in relation to the e-car – Network connection of the
infrastructure
- Energy management: Communication with utilities
- Power electronics
- Meter and meter data management
- Battery charging and changing stations
Industry Sector
- Sensor systems and charging equipment
- Charge pump and battery replacement solutions
- Traffic management
- Mobility services
- Local parking and recharging services
Corporate Technology
- Research
Zahnjel ventures a look into the crystal ball: “Today, car owners fill up at any station.
In future, however, integrated systems such as those currently used in mobile
communications will make sense. Since electromobility will not pay off solely from
selling electricity, all-round concepts are an expedient solution. A primary agreement
will then be signed with a mobility provider or electromobility service provider who can
boast a feasible business model to cover all the services a driver requires: A range of
or perhaps even all the existing stations for recharging or discharging electricity, as
well as further mobile services. Siemens has launched an eCar@Infrastructure
Center of Excellence so as to be among the top-flight of providers from the outset.
E-mobility is in the fast lane
Looking beyond Germany, it soon becomes clear that electromobility is not a
European phenomenon. The U.S. has recently launched an extensive project to
modernize its power grid: Some 2.3 billion euros will be spent on upgrading lines and
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enabling them to carry eco-friendly electricity. The planned “smart grid” will also be
linked with measurements instruments in millions of private households so that
individuals can reduce their energy consumption.
As part of the noble objective of positioning Germany as the leader in electromobility,
it makes sense to roll out well-designed market incentive programs. They are
essential to prevent Germany from soon lagging behind other countries as a location
for the electromobile industry. If, for example, renewable energies are integrated fully
in the smart grid, users of electromobiles who run their vehicle with eco-friendly
electricity might be granted special tax breaks. That is already customary in the U.S.
or Japan, where e-car owners make savings running into the thousands, be it directly
when they buy their vehicle or in the form of a tax credit. Yet anyone who buys an
electric car in Germany is given a comparatively modest financial incentive: He or she
does not have to pay motor vehicle tax for five years.
However, regulatory advantages are also conceivable to make electromobility
attractive to broad groups of buyers. For example, cities and municipalities could
allow the cars to use bus lanes and drive in normally prohibited inner city areas or
provide them with free parking zones. A zero-emission sticker would be advisable as
a means of introducing such advantages, which can be justified in particular by the
lower level of local emissions from the e-cars.
Quite a bit has already been undertaken . But as always, it takes time to do a thing
well. And in the case of e-cars, we have been at it for more than 100 years. Yet only
results count at the end of the day. And they can already been seen and smelled.
RegModHarz
Regenerative Model Region Harz, rural district of Harz
The “Regenerative Model Region Harz” (RegModHarz) is one of six model e-energy
projects funded by the German Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) in
partnership with the Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor
Safety (BMU). Its objective is the technical and economic development and
integration of renewable energy resources through the use of state-of-the-art
information and communication technology (ICT). The goal is to create an efficient
energy infrastructure with an optimal share of regional regenerative energies, as well
as to organize and operate this infrastructure using free-market control mechanisms.
In the Model Region Harz, various renewable energy generators, controllable
consumers and energy storage devices are to be linked to create a virtual power
plant, the “Harz Regenerative Power Plant”. The coordination of generation, storage
and consumption is intended to furnish proof that a stable, reliable means of
supplying electrical energy located close to consumers is possible – even with a high
proportion of renewable sources.
Participants: E.ON Avacon AG, Siemens AG, Vattenfall Europe Transmission GmbH
and others
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:
What is an electric drive?
Such vehicles do not have a conventional power train which transfers the kinetic
energy from the engine to the wheels. Instead there are electric motors in the wheel
hubs and the energy comes from a battery that can be recharged from the mains
socket. Since the batteries’ storage capacity is not comparable to that of a
conventional automobile, a number of electromobiles have a range extender on board
– a small generator that supplies energy to the electric motors when the battery is
empty.
What is a hybrid car?
Hybrid cars have a battery on board in addition to the traditional combustion engine.
When it is empty, the gasoline-driven engine starts up. One variant is the mild hybrid
system, in which the electrically powered drive only runs in parallel as an aid to
reducing gas consumption. The battery is usually recharged by means of
regenerative braking and a generator. However, fully fledged hybrid vehicles (plug-in
hybrids) can also be recharged from the mains socket.
What are the benefits of fuel cells?
Vehicles with fuel cells run on liquid hydrogen instead of gasoline. The hydrogen is
converted into electric energy to drive the vehicle by means of a chemical reaction in
the fuel cell. Unlike with pure electromobiles, the infrastructure required for producing
the hydrogen is an unresolved problem. The advantage of fuel cell vehicles is their
greater range.
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Proposed illustrations:
Caption: Markus Zahnjel, head of the Car Electronics segment at Siemens IT
Solutions and Services (source: Siemens IT Solutions and Services)
Caption: Christian Lechler, Account Line Manager IEH at Siemens IT Solutions and
Services (source: Siemens IT Solutions and Services)
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Caption: Is the battery full enough to make it home? Refined technology coupled with
cutting-edge IT makes the car a high-tech center on the road – one with an answer to
just about any question. (Source: Siemens)
Caption: Fast charging stations instead of the good old gas station: The purring
electric cars can be fully recharged in an eco-friendly way and in a matter of minutes.
(Source: Siemens)
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Caption: Fast charging stations instead of the good old gas station: The purring
electric cars can be fully recharged in a eco-friendly way and in a matter of minutes.
(Source: Siemens)
Caption: Fill her up quickly at home: E-cars can be plugged in at home quickly and
easily thanks to leading-edge technology. For example, they can be recharged at
night when electricity costs a lot less and then any excess can be sold back to the
grid at a profit during the day.
(Source: Siemens)
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Caption: Cars stand around idle and do not need any energy for most of the day and
night. By being connected to the smart grid all the time, they can act like brokers on
an energy exchange: When electricity is cheap, they recharge themselves and when
it is expensive, they sell it at a profit. The recommendations for this come from the
energy service provider via the smart grid. (Source: Siemens)
Caption: Quiet, clean and purring: Electromobiles will one day dominate the
roadscape worldwide. They are definitely the best choice in view of increasing CO2
emissions, high oil prices and the growing need of six billion people for mobility.
(Source: Siemens)
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Caption: A complex architecture: The electromobility value chain.
(Source: Siemens)
Caption: Making advances: Electricity from renewable energies is expected to meet
47 percent of Germany’s power supply in 2020.
(Source: The Renewable Energy Agency and the German Renewable Energy
Federation)
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Caption: If more cars would run on electricity from renewable energies in future, that
would not only be easy on the purse, but also on the environment. According to the BEE,
CO2 emissions in the traffic sector can be cut by up to 28 million tons by 2020.
(Source: The Renewable Energy Agency and the German Renewable Energy
Federation)
Caption: Electromobiles have many advantages. One of them is less energy
consumption – and that can be covered by an increase in power generated from
renewable sources.
(Source: The Renewable Energy Agency and the German Renewable Energy
Federation)
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