SportsHussars, read an accountof the game in The Fieldmagazine while stationedat Aldershot and, with fellowofficers, organized the firstgame.Then known as “hockey onhorseback,” it was playedon a hastily-rolled HounslowHeath where a shortlist ofabout 10 rules was alsohastily assembled.But, it was John Watson(1856-1908), of the 13thHussars, who formulated thefirst real rules of the gamein India in the 1870s. Helater formed the celebratedFreebooters team who wonthe first Westchester Cupmatch in 1886. He was a keyplayer at the All Ireland PoloClub which was foundedin 1872 by Horace Rochfortof Clogrenane, CountyCarlow.The first polo clubin England wasMonmouthshire, foundedin 1872 by Captain Francis“Tip” Herbert (1845- 1922),of the 7th Lancers, at hisbrother’s estate at ClythaPark, near Abergavenny.Others, includingHurlingham, followedquickly.Handicaps were introducedby the USA in 1888 and byEngland and India in 1910.The first official match inArgentina took place on 3rdSeptember 1875. The gamehad been taken there byEnglish and Irish engineersand ranchers.In 1876, Lt Col ThomasSt.Quintin, of the 10thHussars, introduced thegame to Australia. He iscredited with being theFather of Australian Polo.Two of his brothers stayedon there as ranchersand helped the gameto develop. In the sameyear, polo was introducedto the USA by JamesGordon Bennett Juniorwho had seen the game atHurlingham during a visit toEngland. Today, more than77 countries play polo. Itwas an Olympic sport from1900 to 1939 and has nowbeen recognized again bythe International OlympicCommittee.‘Sport’ in the HadithThe term ‘sport’ is usedto denote the activitieswhich the Holy Prophet(Sallallâhu alaihi wasallam)encouraged, such asarchery, swimming, horseriding,etc. The reason forthis will be explained later.(a) Horse RidingAllah (Azza wa jall) says in26An Islamic Periodical Magazine - Issue No 18 June 2010
Sportsthe Holy Qurân: “And (Hecreated) horses, mules,and donkeys for you to rideand as an adornment...(AlQuraan 16:8)Uqbah bin Âmir reportedthat the messenger ofAllah (Azza wa jall) said:Everything with whicha man plays is unlawfulexcept his shooting witharrows, and his training hishorse, and his sporting withhis wife; and verily these areof the truths. (Tirmidhi, AbuDawoo, Ibn Majah)The Holy Prophet (Sallallâhualaihi wasallam) is reportedto have said: “There isblessing in the forelocks ofhorses.”(Ahmad)(b) ArcheryUqbah Bin Âmir (Radiallâhuanhu) also narrates that heheard Rasulullah (Sallallâhualaihi wasallam) saying:“Whoever gives up archeryafter having learnt it is notof us...”(Muslim)On another occasion, theProphet (Sallallâhu alaihiwasallam) once passed bya group of his Companionswho were competing inarchery. He encouragedthem saying, “Shoot and Iam with you.”(Bukhari)(c) SwimmingIbn Umar (R.A) narrates thatRasulullah (Sallallâhu alaihiwasallam) said: “Teach yoursons swimming and archeryand teach your daughterssewing.”(Baihaqi)With regard to theparticipation of the Sahabain the above activities, thejurists write:a. “Anything done simplyfor futile pleasures or merely‘for fun’ has no basis inShariah as every action ofa believer is orchestratedby the supreme commandof Allah and orientatedtowards attaining Hispleasure only. And it is theculmination and perfectionof faith wherein the servantattains pleasure only infulfilling the command of HisMaster and his heart ingestsand aspires at all times toascertain the command ofAllah. When this becomessecond-nature within man,then all his pleasures areconverted and directedaccordingly.Hence, the encouragementof Rasulullah (Sallallâhualaihi wasallam) tothe Sahaba and theirparticipation in suchactivities was not toappease their personalmotives or to derive anyworldly pleasures thereby,but to gain the pleasure ofAllah and strive to fulfill Hiscommand and physicallyand mentally prepare forthe propagation thereofin every way possible,even though it meantlaying down their lives forit, which they practicallydemonstrated to mankind.”b. “The racing, wrestling andarchery which Rasulullah(Sallallâhu alaihi wasallam)encouraged should notbe viewed as sport in theway people of this timeunderstand sport. Sincethese were activities of allsort of daily life of a Muslim.c. “Their primary objectivewas to prepare themselvesfor taken on their survivingresponsibilities and theworldly benefits weresecondary.”The beautifulArabian horsesbelonged to thewealthy Arabsd. “For this, on the basisof Hadith, the Ulema havestated that horse-racing,donkey-racing, muleracingand human racecompetitions should beheld with the intention ofpreparing for jihad. This ismustahab (praiseworthy)and for this, one will berecompensated. Similarly,sword-fighting, archery andin today’s times, practicingwith modern weapons likefirearms, machine guns,anti-aircraft guns, tanks,submarines, planes, etc. onland, sea and air, and thetime and money spent onthem will gain recompense,provided the intention isfor jihad. If such exercisesand competitions are heldand prizes are given so thatpeople are more and moreinduced to be ready fordefending and protectingtheir religion and country, orone-sided bets are offered,it is all permissible; i.e. hewho completes the racefirst or excels others in acompetition will be given aprize. However betting fromboth sides is not permissible,it is haram.”(8)(d) FootracingThe Prophet (Sallallâhualaihi wasallam) himselfraced with his wife. Ayesha(R.A.A) said: “I raced withAn Islamic Periodical Magazine - Issue No 18 June 2010 27