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1CHAPTERIntroductionnetwork to benefit both climate change policies and the investment climatein the port. The conditions described above create economies of scale andhelp to lower the overall cost of implementing CCS. Perhaps the mostattractive benefit of a Rotterdam-based CCS network is that it wouldaccelerate CCS deployment by providing a CO 2transport and storageinfrastructure with associated facilities such as transhipment and processing.The Port of Rotterdam,in cooperation with OCAP, Gasunie and Stedin isdeveloping the Rotterdam CO 2Common Carrier Pipeline (R3CP), a collectionnetwork for CO 2in the port. This carrier will yield the lowest costs for CO 2transportation to the Maasvlakte for market parties. This will facilitateemitters, who are currently considering implementing CO 2capture, andoffshore storage and/or enhanced oil recovery (EOR).1.1.3. Rotterdam-based companies join forcesRCI and its partners are at the forefront of global CCS development, both inthe power sector and the heavy industry. In the power sector E.ON andElectrabel are jointly developing ROAD, a post-combustion capture projectat the E.ON coal/biomass power plant. This project has already securedsubstantial funds from the EU and the Dutch government. An industrialproject is being developed by Air Liquide, intending to capture and store CO 2arising from the production of hydrogen. These initiatives are supported bythe CINTRA-consortium an alliance between Gasunie, Vopak, Anthony Vederand Air Liquide, for the exploitation of a CO 2terminal and CO 2transport byship and the development of the Common Carrier Pipeline (R3CP).RCI has a long established cooperation with private initiatives. This collaborationhas culminated in a substantial number of Letters of Cooperation(LoCs) with projects, including: CINTRA, Maersk, E.ON, Electrabel, Air Liquide,Air Products and Shell. As a follow-up on these bi-lateral agreements, RCI isseeking ways to strengthen the cooperation between the front runnercompanies, to continue working towards the development of a RotterdamCCS Network. Other stakeholders, including local communities, the Dutchand EU governments and other companies in the port of Rotterdam who areinterested in implementing CCS at a later stage, support the efforts of thesecompanies. The CCS Business Platform, hosted by Deltalinqs, provides amutual basis for information exchange and learning in a public-privatesetting, in a transparent manner.1.1.4. (Inter)national networkThroughout the world, many initiatives are taken to establish CCS projects.RCI collaborates closely with other CCS initiatives around the world. It is apartner in the Clinton Climate Initiative and has, in cooperation with andfinanced by the Global Carbon Capture Storage Institute (GCCSI), initiated astudy on the liquid logistics concept (which resulted in the CINTRA-consortium),the independent storage assessment and a study on lessons learnt.The activities of RCI are also supported by the European Climate Foundation.Furthermore, RCI is involved in European initiatives on CCS, such asthe Berlin Forum on (sustainable) fossil fuels, the European TechnologyPlatform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants and the North Sea BasinTask Force.8
1CHAPTERIntroductionRegions play a vital role in establishing CCS. They are key in facilitatingimplementation of projects and are in many cases also the drivers for CCSand CCS networks. This is why RCI is one of the initiators of closer cooperationbetween the CCS regions in Europe. The regions include Scotland,Yorkshire and Humber, Le Havre, North Rhine Westphalia, Brandenburg andEemshaven. This cooperation allows the regions to share knowledge andexperiences, raise key issues at the appropriate levels of government and bea sparring partner for institutions such as the European Commission.In the Netherlands, RCI participates in the Dutch CCS R&D programmeCATO2 and collaborates closely with Eemshaven - Energy Valley, anotherDutch region that offers good long-term CCS development prospects.1.2. The Case StudyThe RCI is thus working hard to realise CCS in the Rotterdam area. CCSactivities in Rotterdam commenced in 2006 and until now more than 18major companies cooperated to provide feasibility level engineering studiesfor CO 2capture projects and a CCS infrastructure network. The Rotterdamapproach appears to be effective. Domestically and internationally, peoplehave expressed interest in the Rotterdam approach and why the RCI is sosuccessful in promoting the development and deployment of CCS.RCI decided in 2010 to carry out a case study in which the practical experienceof the four-year-old Rotterdam CCS project was central. The Global CCSInstitute (=the Institute) was interested in the results and decided tofinancially support the case study. RCI and the Institute phrased thefollowing main research question: What can we learn from the RotterdamCCS project? And formulated two subsequent objectives: (i) discover thelessons useful for the support of starting CCS projects around the globe and(ii) improvement of the Rotterdam CCS project itself.The first deliverable of the case study was the description of the researchmethod and approach (see ref. [1] and see figure). The case that was studiedwas the Rotterdam CCS cluster project 2 .2010 2011Exchange(Workshops)PreperationReconstructionCompletionEnrichmentsProjectmanagement2 Also other synonyms are used for a CCS Cluster project, like CCS Network project and CCS Hub.We formerly used the word CCS Network Project (see ref. [1]) that is why we still use word NetworkOrganiser. But nowadays the word cluster project is more in vogue. We adapted our vocabulary inthis report to that usage.9
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AbbreviationsCINTRA CO 2In Transpor
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