eNDNOTeS982 “Authority Orders Release of Academics,” University World News, Issue No:135, 15 August 2010.983 “Travel Restrictions Hit Gaza Students,” IRIN, 22 October 2009.984 Lauren E. Bohn, “US Cancels Scholarship Program for Gaza Students AmidBattle Involving Israel and Hamas,” The Right to Education Campaign, 15October 2012.985 “Israel orders partial demolition of Palestinian school,” Ma’an News, 27August 2013.986 Rabbis for Human Rights, “Arson of some 400 olive trees in the West Bank,”9 October 2013.987 “Settlers pelt Palestinian school buses,” Al Akhbar, 30 April 2013.988 Robert Tait, “Israeli army ‘provoked Palestinian teenager and then shot him,”The Telegraph (UK), 16 January 2013.989 Ben Hartman, “Missiles, RPGs found stashed at Arab village school,” TheJerusalem Post, 2 May 2013.990 Phoebe Greenwood, “Hamas teaching Palestinian schoolboys how to plantIEDs, fire Kalashnikov assault rifles,” The Telegraph, 28 April 2013; “Hamas toestablish military academy to train Palestinian,” Press Trust of India, 25 January2013.991 This profile covers attacks on education in 2009-2012, with an additionalsection on attacks in 2013.992 Brendan O’Malley, Education under Attack 2010 (Paris: UNESCO, 2010), 208-209; and World Vision, “Parents Afraid to Send Children to School due to ViolentAttacks in Kenya’s North Rift, Says World Vision,” 30 August 2011.993 Inter-Agency Team: Kenya IDP emergency: Inter-agency rapid assessment onchild protection eduation and gender-based violence (January 2008).994 HRW, “Human Rights in Kenya,” last modified 20 August 2013; and “KenyaProfile,” BBC News, last modified 9 May 2013.995 Ibid.996 The World Bank, “School enrollment – primary (% net),” The World BankData (2009).997 The World Bank, “School enrollment – secondary (% net),” The World BankData (2009).998 The World Bank, “School enrollment – tertiary (% gross),” The World BankData (2009).999 The World Bank, “Literacy rate - Adult, total,” The World Bank Data (2010).1000 “Lessons suspended as bomb found at school,” Daily Nation, 14 June 2010.1001 ‘’Eight Kenyans wounded in two grenade attacks,” AFP, 27 May 2012; “Sixinjured as grenade attack rocks northern Kenya,” Xinhua, 27 May 2012.1002 “Kenya-Somalia Border Attack: Al-Shabab Suspected,” BBC News, 27October 2011; David McKenzie, “4 Killed in Attack on Car Carrying School ExamPapers, Kenya Police Say,” CNN, 27 October 2011; and Clar Ni Chonghaile,“Deadly Attack on Bus near Kenya’s Border with Somalia,” The Guardian, 27October 2011.1003 Bosire Boniface, “Kenya’s North Eastern Province Safe for Teachers to Return,Officials Say,” Sabahi Online, 15 June 2012.1004 “Smell of Rotting Flesh Lingers in Tana,” AFP, 12 September 2012.1005 “Garissa Residents Shot after Army Launches Crackdown,” BBC News, 20November 2012.1006 Dominic Wabala, “Somali Militia Kidnaps Kenyan Officials,” Daily Nation, 25March 2009.1007 “Smell of Rotting Flesh Lingers in Tana,” AFP, 12 September 2012.1008 HRW, “Kenya: Killing of Activists Needs Independent Inquiry,” 6 March 2009.1009 Information provided by Human Rights Watch on 25 November 2013.1010 Information provided by Human Rights Watch on 10 June 2013.1011 AP, “7 Killed In Mosque Attack In Kenya’s East,” NPR, 21 February 2013.1012 Boniface Ongeri, “North Eastern Kenya: The Kenya National Union ofTeachers (KNUT) on Monday asked teachers in schools bordering the volatileKenya-Somali border to stay away until the government guarantees them security,”The Standard, 27 May 2013.1013 Peter Taylor, “On the trail of al-Shabab’s Kenyan recruitment ‘pipeline’,” BBCNews, 28 September 2013; Nyambega Gisesa, “NIS reports that Secondaryschools are radicalising young muslims,” Standard Digital, 4 October 2013; and“Al-Shabaab training linked to schools (NIS Report),” MSN Kenya, 4 October2013.1014 Mathews Ndanyi, “Kenya: 2,000 Pupils Out of School As Bandits AttackBaringo,” The Star, 4 April 2013.1015 This profile covers attacks on education in 2009-2012, with an additionalsection on attacks in 2013.1016 “Muammar Gaddafi Dead: Mansour Iddhow, Former Servant, RecountsColonel’s Final Days,” Huffington Post, 21 February 2012.1017 Information provided by a UN respondent, 1 February 2013.1018 Ibid.1019 Megan Detrie, “Libya: New Regime Plans to Reopen Universities Soon,”University World News, 31 August 2011.1020 Information provided by a UN respondent, 1 February 2013.1021 “Libyan Students Return to Gadhafi-free Schools,” USA Today, 7 January2012.1022 The World Bank, “School enrollment – primary (% gross),” The World BankData (2006).1023 The World Bank, “School enrollment – secondary (% gross),” The World BankData (2006).1024 The World Bank, “School enrollment – tertiary (% gross),” The World BankData (2003).1025 UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), “Education (all levels) Profile - Libya,”UIS Statistics in Brief (2011).1026 Information provided by a UN respondent, 1 February 2013; and UNSC,Children and Armed Conflict: Report of the Secretary-General, A/66/782–S/2012/261, 26 April 2012, paras 53 and 58.1027 United Nations Inter-Agency Mission to Zlitan, 26 August 2011, 6-7; Reportof the Independent Civil Society Fact-Finding Mission to Libya, January 2012(Arab Organization for Human Rights, International Legal Assistance Consortiumand Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, 2012), 42-44, paras 184-200.1028 Information provided by a UN respondent, 1 February 2013.1029 Ibid.1030 UNSC, Children and Armed Conflict: Report of the Secretary-General,A/67/845–S/2013/245, 15 May 2013, para 83.1031 Information provided by a UN respondent, 1 February 2013.1032 Ibid.1033 Ibid.1034 Information provided by Human Rights Watch.1035 Information provided by a Human Rights Watch researcher, 4 December2012.234
EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK 20141036 Women under Siege Project, “Libya,” 2011.1037 “Libya: Anti-Qaddafi Forces Seize Strategic Complex, University in Sirte,”Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 9 October 2011.1038 “Bomb blasts rock Libyan city of Benghazi,” Al Jazeera, 11 May 2013; andSherif Dhaimish, “Bomb targets Benghazi school, no injuries,” 18 May 2013.1039 Essam Mohamed, “Tripoli schoolgirl abductions raise questions,” Libya TV,30 September 2013.1040 Aimen Eljali and Houda Mzioudet, “Yet another girl abducted; teachersprotest in Tripoli,” Libya Herald, 28 September 2013.1041 This profile covers attacks on education in 2009-2012, with an additionalsection on attacks in 2013.1042 Adam Nossiter, “Soldiers Overthrow Mali Government in Setback forDemocracy in Africa,” New York Times, 22 March 2012; and “Mali coup: Juntaforces ‘overrun rivals’ camp’,” BBC News, 1 May 2012.1043 Scott Baldauf, “Mali coup leaders pledge to hand over power as Tuaregrebels take Timbuktu,” The Christian Science Monitor, 2 April 2012.1044 “Mali: Islamists seize Gao from Tuareg rebels,” BBC News, 28 June 2012;Adam Nossiter, “Jihadists’ Fierce Justice Drives Thousands to Flee Mali,” NewYork Times, 17 July 2012; and “Mali profile: A chronology of key events,” BBCNews, 17 November 2013.1045 “French troops in Mali take Kidal, last Islamist holdout,” BBC News, 31January 2013.1046 Information provided by Human Rights Watch on 30 May 2013; and RickGladstone, “U.N. Official Sees Desperation, Hunger and Fear on Visit to Mali,”New York Times, 26 February 2013.1047 “Schools Re-open in Mali’s Timbuktu,” IRIN, 4 February 2013; UNSC,Children and Armed Conflict: Report of the Secretary-General, A/67/845–S/2013/245, 15 May 2013, para 97.1048 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre and Norwegian Refugee Council,“MALI: Stability slowly returning but durable solutions a remote possibility formany IDPs,” 11 October 2013, 7, 11; and information provided by Human RightsWatch on 18 November 2013.1049 UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), “Education (all levels) Profile - Mali,”UIS Statistics in Brief (2011).1050 The World Bank, “Literacy rate – Adult, total,” The World Bank Data (2010).1051 Global Education Cluster, “Mali 2013: Education Cluster Bulletin – March2013”.1052 HRW, “Testimony of Corinne Dufka before the Senate Foreign RelationsCommittee, Subcommittee on African Affairs,” 5 December 2012.1053 Global Education Cluster, “Mali 2013: Education Cluster Bulletin – March2013”; Global Education Cluster, Evaluation rapide à distance - Situation etbesoins éducatifs au Nord du Mali (Gao – Kidal – Mopti – Tombouctou) Août2012, August 2012, 7.1054 Global Education Cluster, “Mali 2013: Education Cluster Bulletin – March2013”; and Global Education Cluster, Evaluation rapide à distance - Situation etbesoins éducatifs au Nord du Mali (Gao – Kidal – Mopti – Tombouctou) Août2012, August 2012, 10.1055 For detailed list of schools occupied and number of students affected, seeMinistère de l’Education de l’Alphabétisation et de la Promotion des LanguesNationales and Mali Education Cluster, “Analysis of Flood Affected and OccupiedSchools in Southern Mali – September 2012”; UN Office for the Coordination ofHumanitarian Affairs (OCHA), “Mali: Complex Emergency,” Situation Report No.16, 26 September 2012, 5; and UNICEF, “Mali Situation Report,” 30 September2012, 2.1056 HRW, “Mali: Islamist Armed Groups Spread Fear in North,” 25 September2012.1057 Ministère de l’Education, de l’Alphabétisation et de la Promotion desLangues Nationales and Mali Education Cluster, Rapport d’évaluation desbesoins éducatifs dans les régions du Nord du Mali (Gao et Tombouctou), July2013, 12.1058 Mali Education Cluster, “Task Force Meeting Minutes,” 31 January 2013;ACTED, Evaluation de la situation humanitaire – Cercle de Niono (Mali), 12February 2013; Ministère de l’Education, de l’Alphabétisation et de la Promotiondes Langues Nationales and Mali Education Cluster, Rapport d’évaluation desbesoins éducatifs dans les régions du Nord du Mali (Gao et Tombouctou), July2013, 12; and information provided by Human Rights Watch on 18 November 2013.1059 Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict, Where are they…?: The situation ofchildren and armed conflict in Mali (New York: Watchlist, June 2013), 26.1060 Global Education Cluster, “Mali 2013: Education Cluster Bulletin – March2013”.1061 Informe sobre la situación de derechos humanos en Jalisco, 2012, 109-112.1062 International Crisis Group (ICG), Peña Nieto’s Challenge: Criminal Cartelsand Rule of Law in Mexico, Latin America Report no 48 (ICG, 19 March 2013);HRW, World Report 2012: Mexico (New York: HRW, 2012); Paris Martinez,“Mapping the presence of Mexican cartels in Central America,” In Sight Crime:Organized Crime in the Americas, 2 July 2013; National Security Student PolicyGroup, The War on Mexican Cartels: Options for US and Mexican Policy-makers(Cambridge, MA: Institute of Politics - Harvard University, September 2012); andBrandon Darby, “Mexican officer: military at war with cartels in Nuevo Laredo,” 9March 2013, Breitbart.com.1063 ICG, Peña Nieto’s Challenge: Criminal Cartels and Rule of Law in Mexico,Latin American Report no 48 (ICG, 19 March 2013), ii.1064 HRW, World Report 2013: Mexico (New York: HRW, 2013), 6-7, 14.1065 Lauren Villagran, “Mexico tunes in to needs of drug war survivors,” TheChristian Science Monitor, 24 August 2012; ICG, Peña Nieto’s Challenge: CriminalCartels and Rule of Law in Mexico, Latin American Report no 48 (ICG, 19 March2013); Francisco Reséndez, “Lista oficial de desaparecidos es de 26 mil 121:Segob,” El Universal, 26 February 2013; and HRW, Mexico’s disappeared: Theenduring cost of a crisis ignored (New York: HRW, February 2013), 3.1066 Elisabeth Malkin, “As Gangs Move In on Mexico’s Schools, Teachers Say‘Enough’,” New York Times, 25 September 2011.1067 UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), “Education (all levels) Profile –Mexico,” UIS Statistics in Brief (2011).1068 “Attackers set kindergarten ablaze in Mexican border city,” CNN, 7December 2010; and Cindy Casares, “Juárez Kindergarten Burned for Refusing toPay Criminals,” 6 December 2010.1069 Agence France-Presse, “Fears of violence shake Mexico schools,” Relief Web,2 October 2011.1070 “Religious Sect Destroys Schools in Mexican Town,” Fox News Latino, 14 July2012; Allison Jackson, “Mexico: Religious Sect Blocks Access to Schools,” GlobalPost, 23 August 2012; Grace Protopapas, “Mexico: Religious Cult BlocksChildren’s Education,” The Argentina Independent, 23 August 2012; SofiaMiselem, “Mexico Police Deployed After Sect Blocks Schools,” AFP, 27 August2012; and “Mexico sect says no to public education, burns the schools,” CasaGrande Dispatch, 1 September 2012.1071 Dudley Althaus, “In Sandy Hook’s wake, Mexico ponders school safety,”Global Post, 20 December 2012.1072 “Bomb Wounds 2 in Northeast Mexico,” Latin American Herald Tribune, 30August 2010.1073 “Four Students Kidnapped from School and Brutally Executed inCuernavaca,” Mexico Gulf Reporter, 9 March 2012; “4 students killed in235
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