diseases of the digestive organs.

202 DISEASES OF CATTLE.SWELLING OF THE CALF WITH CAS.This is usually the result of the death aud decomposition of the fewhen extraction has been delayed for a day or more after the escape ofthe waters. It is impossible to extract it whole, owing to its large sizeand the dry state of the skin of the calf, the membranes, and the wall ofthe womb. These dry surfaces stick with such tenacity that no attemptat traction leads to any advance of the calf out of the womb or into thepassages. When the fetus is advanced the adherent womb advanceswith it, and when the strain is relaxed both recede to where they wereat first. The condition may be helped somewhat by the free injectionof oil into the womb, but it remains impossible to extract the enormouslybloated body, and the only resort is to cut it in pieces and extract it bydegrees. (See Embryotomy).RIGID CONTRACTIONS OF MUSCLES.In the development of the calf, as in after life, the muscles are sto cramps, and in certain cases given groups of muscles remain unnaturallyshort, so that even the bones grow in a twisted and distortedway. In one case the head and neck are drawn round to one side andcan not be straightened out, even the bones of the face and the nosebeing curved around to that side. In other cases the flexormuscles ofthe fore legs are so shortened that the knees are kept constantly bentand can not be extended by force. The bent neck may sometimes besufficiently straightened for extraction by cutting across the muscleson the side to which it is turned, and the bent knees by cutting thecords on the back of the shank bones just below the knees. If thisfails there remains the resort of cutting off the distorted limbs or head.(See Embryotomy).TUMORS OF THE CALF—INCLOSED OVUM.Tumors or new growths grow on the unborn calf as on the matureanimal, and by increasing the diameter of the body render its passagethrough the passage of the pelvis impossible. In my experience withlarge fleshytumors of the abdomen, I have cut open the chest, removedthe lungs and heart, cut through the diaphragm with the knife, andremoved the tumor piecemeal by alternate tearing and cutting until thevolume of the body was sufficiently reduced to pass through. Wherethis failed it would remain to cut off the anterior part of the body,removing as much of the chest as possible, and cutting freely throughthe diaphragm; then, pushing back the remainder of the body, the hindlimbs may be seized and brought into the passages, and the residueextracted thus. The tumor, unless very large, will get displaced backwardso as not to prove an insuperable obstacle.In many cases the apparent tumor is a blighted ovum which hasfailed to develop, but has grafted itself on its more fortunate twin and