diseases of the digestive organs.

DISEASES OF THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 209the fore limbs are fully extended, on the contrary, the shoulder blextended forward on the smallest and narroAvest part of the chest; thearm bone Avith its muscles is in great part applied against the side ofthe back part of the neck, and the forearm is continued forward by theside of the head so that the nose lies between the knees. In this naturalpresentation the presenting body of the calf forms a long wedge orcone, the increase of which is slow and gradual until it reaches themiddle of the chest.The difficulty of extending the fore limbs will be in proportion tothe advance of the head through the pelvic cavity. In the early stageall that is necessary may be to introduce the oiled hand, the left onefor the right leg or the right one for the left, and passing the hand fromthe knee on to the foot to seize the foot in the palm, bend it forcibly onthe fetlock, and lift it up over the brim of the pelvis, the knee being,of course, pressed upward against the spine. As soon as the foot hasbeen raised above the brim of the pelvis (into the passage) the limbcan be straightened out with the greatest ease.When, however, the shoulders are already engaging in the pelvisthe feet can not thus be lifted up, and to gain room a repeller (Plate xx,Fig. 7) must be used to push back the body of the calf. This is aninstrument with a long straight stem, divided at the end into two shortbranches (2 to 3 inches long) united to the stem by hinges so that theycan be brought into a line with the stem for introduction into the Avomband then spread to be implanted in the breast. In the absence of arepeller a smooth round fork-handle may be used, the prongs havingbeen removed from the other end. A third device is to have an assistantstrip his arm to the shoulder and, standing back to back with theoperator, to introduce his right arm into the passages along with theoperator's left (or vice versa) and push back the body of the calf whilethe operator seeks to bring up a limb. The repeller or staff havingbeen planted safely in the breast of the calf, an assistant pushes uponit in a direction either forward or slightly upward so as not only to followthe natural curve of the body and favor its turning in the line ofthat curve within the womb, but also to carry the shoulders upwardtoward the spine and secure more room for bringing up the missingfeet. It is good policy to firstput a halter (Plate xxi, Figs. 4a and 4&) onthe head or a noose (Plate xxi, Fig. 3) on the lower jaw and a rope roundeach limb at the knee so as to provide against the loss of any of theseparts when the body is pushed back into the womb. This offers thefurther advantage that by dragging upon these ropes the body can beadvanced in the passage until the foot is reached, when the rope mustbe slackened and the repeller used to secure room for bringing up thefoot. If the cow is lying, the operator should firstsecure the foot onthe upper side and then, if necessary, turn the cow on its opposite sideso as to bring up the other.In using the instruments some precautions are demanded. They24G97 14