Scope of Payment for Ecosystem Services Mechanism for ... - icimod

Ashad(Jun- Jul)Shrawan(Jul- Aug)Bhado(Aug-Sept)Ashwin(Sept-Oct)Kartik(Oct-Nov)Mangshir(Nov-Dec)Poush(Dec-Jan)Magh(Jan-Feb)Falgun(Feb- Mar)Chaitra(Mar-Apr)Baishak(Apr- May)Jestha(May - Jun)Water in Million Liters160140120100806040200Surface waterEstimated waterwithdrawal2010/11Figure 5.4.2.2: Surface water flow and estimated water withdrawal in fiscal year 2010/11Monsoon in Nepal starts in May-June (Jestha) and ends in August-September (Aswin).The period from end of May to September is referred to as the wet season and remainingmonths as dry season. According to KUKL officials, about 30% of annual waterwithdrawn from Mahadev Khola is withdrawn in wet season and 80% in dry season. Inthe fiscal year 2009/10 the total discharge in Mahadev Khola was estimated to be 731 MLand about 402 ML was withdrawn for distribution in the municipality. In 2010/11 theriver discharge was estimated to be 1009 ML and estimated 575 ML was withdrawn. Aslight peaking of increased river discharge and withdrawal in the months of Poush(December-January) to Falgun (January-February) is normally due to a small amount ofwinter rain.5.4.3 Water DemandAccording to KUKL officials, the demand for water in the municipality stands at 8 ML/d.Perception of upstream peopleDespite of eruption of new springs, drinking water is still the problem in the upstream.Topography and climate also play an important role in availability of water. Daily waterneed of a household is approximately 20 gagris (240 liters or 0.00024 ML per day).Perception of downstream peopleThe water supplied by KUKL is not sufficient for downstream users. Water supply isadequate only in Ward 4 (Kamal Binayak Mandir Parisar Sudhar Samiti); whereas thereis serious water scarcity problem in Ward 10 and 5 (Canteen workers of Khwopa College)32