n - Kerala Sahitya Akademi

-amemJ ]dp:""Ah≥ Chn-sS-bn-√. Fgp-X-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xpt]mseAh≥ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰n-cn-°p-∂p.\n߃ t]mbn F√m-h-tcmSpw Ah≥ Dbn¿sØgp-t∂-‰-hn-hcwhnfw-_cw sNøp-hn≥!'']co-£-W-am-bn-´m-hWw BZyw CX-c-tß-dn-b-Xv.A\p-jvTm-\-h-gnsb Bcm-[\maplq¿Ø-Øns‚thjw \¬Ip-hm≥ Cu ]co-£Ww {]m]vX-sa∂vA\p-`hw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn. ^e-{]-Z-sa∂pw hnPb-sa∂pwI≠-Xns\ XpS¿∂v bqtdm-∏nse F√m]≈n-I-fnepw Cu \mS-I-cq]w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI]Xn-hm-bn.BZysØ Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬ F√m IYm-]m-{Xß-fp-sSbpwthj-an-´Xv ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]n∂oSv Ah-X-c-W-Øn¬ I\ym-kv{Xo-IfpwB{i-a-Ønse a‰p- k-∂ym-kn-Ifpw AƒØm-c-_me-∑mcpwKmb-I-kw-Lmw-K-ß-fp-sams° A`n-t\-Xm-°-fmbn tN¿∂p. Cu \mS-I-`mKw hnP-bn-®tXmsStbip-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´pss__nƒ `mK-߃ tZhm-e-b-Øn-\p≈n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂ -coXn \ne-hn¬h-∂p. ]{¥≠mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ eLp Ah-X-c-W-߃XpS¿∂n-cp-∂p. Chsb en‰¿Pn-°¬ \mS-I-߃(Liturgical dramma) F∂mWv \mS-I-N-cn{X-Øn¬tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn´≈Xv; {]m¿∞-\m-{I-a-ß-fp-ambn_‘-s∏´ \mS-I-߃ F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬.]{¥≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ItØm-en°mk` CØcw \mS-I-ß-fpsS Ah-X-cWw tZhm-e-b-Øn-\-IØp \ntcm-[n-®p. \ntcm-[-\-Øn\pw {]tXyI Imc-W-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-°-≠n-´n-√. F∂m¬ AtXk-abwtZhm-e-b-Øn\p ]pd-Øp- \m-S-I-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v k` F√m -]n-¥p-Wbpw \¬In-b-Xmbn ImWmw. Aßns\ tZhm-e-b-Øn\p ]dtØbv°pAb-°-s∏´ \mSIw hfsc s]s´∂vHcp Iem-cq-]-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ hf-cp-Ibpw IqSp-X¬kzX-{¥-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mgpw \mS-I-Ønse {]ta-b-߃ ss__n-fnse kw`-h-ßsfØs∂ B[m-c-am-°p-∂-coXn XpS¿∂p t]m∂p.D¿∫≥ \mem-a≥ am¿]m-∏-bpsS ImeØv 1264¬ Hcp ]pXn-b- Xn-cp-\mƒ IqSn k`m-I-e-≠-dn¬tN¿°-s∏´p; corpus christie (]-cn-ip≤ Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS Xncp-\mƒ). XpS-°-Øn¬ Cu Xncp-\mƒ{^m≥knse eosK (Liege) F∂ ÿe-Øp-am-{XambnBN-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-s∂-nepw ]Xn-\memw \q‰m-≠m-b-t∏m-tg°pw k`-bpsS G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´Xncp-\m-fmbn CXp-am-dn-°-gn-n-cp-∂p. Xncp-\mƒ{]Zn-£-W-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®p \mS-Im-h-X-c-W-߃Ac-tß-dp-I-bmbn XpS¿∂v. ss__n-fnse ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-sebpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-sebpw CXn-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-sa-Sp-Ø-h-bm-bn-cp∂p \mS-I-ßfnse{]ta-bw. ss__nƒ IY-Isf B[m-c-am°n\mS-I-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ kzm`m-hn-IambpwItØm-en°mk`bv°p FXn¿t°≠Imcy-an-√-t√m. am{X-hp-a√ k`mZ¿i-\-߃ A\pbm-bn-Isf]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Cu Ah-X-c-W-߃Gsd ^e-{]-Z-am-sW∂v k`m-t\-XrXzw a\- n-em-°n-I-gn-p-an-cp-∂p. Ic-Iu-ie hnZ-Kv≤-cpsSkwL-ß-fmWp (Guils) Cu \mS-I-ß-fpsS \n¿Ωm-W-s®e-hp-h-ln-®n-cp-∂-Xv. "anÃdn \mS-I-߃'(Mystery Plays) F∂mWv Cu \mS-I-߃ Adn-bs∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv.anÃdn (Mystery) F∂-hm°v B a≤y-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂Xv GsX-nepw Hcp sXmgnen¬]cn-io-e-\-Øn-eqsS sshZKv≤yw kz¥-am-°nb Hcp-hs‚ {]h¿Ønsb hnti-jn-∏n-°p-hm-\m-Wv. I∏¬ ]Wn-°m¿, X´m-∑m¿, I¬∏-Wn-°m¿,Cd-®n-sh-´p-Im¿... Ch-cpsS GsX-nepw kwL-ßfmIpwXß-fpsS sXmgn-ep-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hcpss__nƒ {]tabw \mS-I-cq-]-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn-°pI!DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v I∏¬ ]Wn-°m¿ (Shipwrights)\n¿Ωn-°pI "t\ml-bpsS s]´I'amsW-n¬ Cd-®n-sh-´p-Im-cpsS kwLw (Butcher’s Guild) hy`n-Nm-c-Øn¬ ]nSn-bv°-s∏´ kv{Xo (The woman takenin adultery) F∂ \mS-I-Øn-\m-bn-cn°pw Ah-X-c-W-k-lmbw sNøpI!\mS-I-߃°pw A\-h[n Znhkw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Hcp- Nm-{InI coXn-bn-emWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. ]cn-ip-≤-Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS Xncp-\m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®p Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp∂ Cu \mS-I-ßsf cycle plays (Nm-{In-I-\m-S-I-߃) F∂pwhnti-jn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. \m¬∏-Øn-bmdp \mS-I-߃tNcp-∂-XmWv Hcp cycle (N-{Iw). Cu N{I-ØnseBZy \mSIw "amem-J-am-cpsS ]X\w' (The fall ofthe angels) Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-n¬ Ah-km-\sØ\mSIw "A¥n-a-hn[n' (The Last Judgement) Bbncp∂p!F°-tem-Kp-I-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-h-gn-bn-tebv°pIÆ-bbv°p-tºmƒ C‰m-en-b≥ \thm-∞m-\-ImeØvUms‚, s]{Xm¿°, s_m°m-®ntbm XpSßn-b-h-cmWvF°-tem-Kp-Iƒ°p IqSp-X¬{]Nmcw \¬In-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂-Xv. FUva≠vkvs]≥k¿ (Edmond Spencer) F.-Un. 1552 ˛ 59ImeØv ]{¥≠p \mSIßfpsS Hcp ]c-ºcCw•o-jn¬ FgpXn Cu kc-Wn-bn¬ ]n∂oSp {]ap-2012 Unkw-_¿16