Metal Whiskers: Failure Modes & Mitigation Strategies - NEPP - NASA
Metal Whiskers: Failure Modes & Mitigation Strategies - NEPP - NASA
Metal Whiskers: Failure Modes & Mitigation Strategies - NEPP - NASA
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2006- <strong>NASA</strong> GSFC Presented<br />
A Partial History of Documented<br />
<strong>Metal</strong> Whisker Problems<br />
http://nepp.nasa.gov/whisker/reference/tech_papers/2006-Leidecker-Tin-Whisker-<strong>Failure</strong>s.pdf<br />
Year** Application Industry <strong>Failure</strong> Cause <strong>Whiskers</strong> on?<br />
1946 Military Military Cadmium <strong>Whiskers</strong> Capacitor plates<br />
1948 Telecom Equipment<br />
Year** Application<br />
Telecom<br />
1954 Telecom Equipment Telecom<br />
Cadmium<br />
Industry<br />
<strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
Zinc <strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
Channel<br />
<strong>Failure</strong><br />
Filters<br />
Cause<br />
Channel Filters<br />
<strong>Whiskers</strong> on?<br />
1959 Telecom Equipment<br />
1959 Telecom Equipment<br />
1959 Telecom Equipment<br />
1990 Apnea Telecom Monitors Tin Medical <strong>Whiskers</strong> (RECALL) -Copper Zinc <strong>Whiskers</strong> Oxide Rectifier Rotary Switch<br />
1990 Duane Arnold Nuclear Year** Power Application -Potentiometer<br />
<strong>Metal</strong> Industry <strong>Whiskers</strong> <strong>Failure</strong> LPRM Cause Detectors <strong>Whiskers</strong> on?<br />
Power Station<br />
-Protector Mounting (Mechanical)<br />
1992 Missile Program “C” 2000Military GALAXY VII (Side 2) -Terminal Tin Space <strong>Whiskers</strong> (Complete Strip Loss) Tin Xsistor <strong>Whiskers</strong> Package +Standoff Relays<br />
1993 Govt. Electronics Govt. Systems -Relay Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Mechanical Elements Transistor, Diode, Lug<br />
2000 Missile Program “D” Military Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Terminals<br />
1995 Telecom Equipment<br />
2000Cadmium Telecom<br />
Power Mgmt <strong>Whiskers</strong> Modules Relay Zinc<br />
Industrial Armature <strong>Whiskers</strong>Return Spring Tin<br />
Framework<br />
<strong>Whiskers</strong> Connectors<br />
1996 Computer TelecomRouters 2000Cadmium Computers SOLIDARIDAD or Zinc I (Side 2) -Chassis/Structural Zinc Space <strong>Whiskers</strong> (Complete Loss) Members Tin Chassis <strong>Whiskers</strong> Relays<br />
1996 MIL Aerospace <strong>Whiskers</strong> MIL Aerospace -Variable Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Air Capacitor Relays<br />
1959 Telecom Equipment<br />
1986 F15 Radar<br />
1998 Aerospace Telecom Electronics 2001Tin, Space GALAXY Zinc or IIIR Cadmium (Side 1) <strong>Metal</strong> Tin Space Enclosures/Cans<br />
<strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
1998 Computer Hardware 2001<br />
<strong>Whiskers</strong> Computers Hi-Rel Zinc Hi-Rel <strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
1998 DBS-1 (Side 1) 2001Space Nuclear Power Plant Tin Power <strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
2001 Space Ground Test Eqpt Ground Support<br />
1998 Dresden History nuclear from 1959 Power to 1985 Power Not Detailed Herein <strong>Metal</strong> <strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
2002 DirecTV 3 (Side 1) Space<br />
Station<br />
2002 Electric Power Plant Power<br />
1998 GALAXY MilitaryIV (Side 2) 2002Tin Space GPS <strong>Whiskers</strong> Receiver (Complete Loss) Hybrid Tin Aeronautical <strong>Whiskers</strong> Package Lid<br />
Tin Hybrid <strong>Whiskers</strong> Package Lid Relays<br />
Tin Chassis <strong>Whiskers</strong> Ceramic Chip Caps<br />
Tin Relays <strong>Whiskers</strong> Relays<br />
Zinc <strong>Whiskers</strong> Bus Rail<br />
LPRM Detectors<br />
Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Relays<br />
Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Microcircuit Leads<br />
Tin Relays <strong>Whiskers</strong> RF Enclosure<br />
1986 Heart Pacemakers Medical (RECALL) 2002Tin MIL <strong>Whiskers</strong> Aerospace Crystal MIL Aerospace Can<br />
Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Mounting Hardware (nuts)<br />
1986 Phoenix Missile 1998 GALAXY MilitaryVII (Side 1) 2002Tin Space Military <strong>Whiskers</strong> Aircraft Electronics Tin Military <strong>Whiskers</strong> Enclosure<br />
1987 Dresden nuclear Power 1998 Military PowerAerospace 2002<br />
<strong>Metal</strong> Military Nuclear<br />
<strong>Whiskers</strong> Aerospace Power Plant<br />
LPRM Tin Power <strong>Whiskers</strong> Detectors<br />
Station<br />
1998 PAS-4 (Side 1) 2003Space Commercial Electronics Tin Telecom <strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
2003 Missile Program “E” Military<br />
1987 MIL/Aerospace PWB 1999 Eng MIL/Aerospace Computer Center Tin Architectural <strong>Whiskers</strong> PWB Zinc traces <strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
2003 Missile Program “F” Military<br />
1988 Missile Program “A” 1999 SOLIDARIDAD Military I (Side 1) Tin Space <strong>Whiskers</strong> Relays Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
2003 Telecom Equipment Telecom<br />
1999 South Texas Nuclear Plant 2004Power Military Tin Military <strong>Whiskers</strong><br />
Tin Relays <strong>Whiskers</strong> Relays<br />
Tin Plastic <strong>Whiskers</strong> Film Capacitor Potentiometer<br />
Tin Relays <strong>Whiskers</strong> RF Enclosure<br />
Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Connectors<br />
Floor Tiles<br />
Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Relays<br />
Relays<br />
Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Ckt Breaker<br />
Tin Relays <strong>Whiskers</strong> Waveguide<br />
2005 Communications Radio (1960s vintage) Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Transitor TO Package<br />
199X Telecom Equipment 2005Telecom Millstone Nuclear Power<br />
Plant<br />
Zinc Power <strong>Whiskers</strong> Tin PSU <strong>Whiskers</strong> Housing Diode (Axial Leads)<br />
2005 OPTUS B1 Space Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Relays<br />
2005 Telecom Equipment Telecom Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> RF Enclosure<br />
2006 GALAXY IIIR (Side 2) Space Tin <strong>Whiskers</strong> Relays<br />
These are ~10% of the Problems We Know About<br />
December 5, 2007 <strong>Metal</strong> <strong>Whiskers</strong>:<br />
<strong>Failure</strong> <strong>Modes</strong> and <strong>Mitigation</strong> <strong>Strategies</strong><br />
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