WRIA 30 - Klickitat County Home

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Klickitat River BasinWatershed Management Plancommunity of Glenwood in the Middle Klickitat Subbasin, is approximately 5,800 acres in sizeand is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.Table 2. Vegetation/land use in WRIA 30.UpperKlickitatMiddleKlickitatLittleKlickitatSwaleCreekLowerKlickitatColumbiaTributariesDeveloped 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 2%Barren 9% 8% 4% 0% 2% 0%Vegetated; Natural Forested Upland 83% 85% 57% 11% 75% 6%Shrubland 3% 1% 20% 47% 11% 50%Grasslands/Herbaceous 3% 1% 7% 8% 9% 27%Planted/Cultivated 0% 4% 11% 33% 2% 2%Other 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11% 11/ Includes lands inundated by Columbia River reservoirsThe lower ten miles of the Klickitat River and portions of the Lower Klickitat Subbasin (near theColumbia River) are designated as a recreational river under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act.Much of the Columbia River Tributaries Subbasin is within the Columbia River Gorge NationalScenic Area.2.4 SURFACE WATER RESOURCESPortions of the mainstem of the Klickitat River originate from Mount Adams, the Goat RocksWilderness area, and the foothills of the Cascades Mountains. Klickitat River flow is primarilyfed by snowmelt in spring and early summer and by glacial meltwater in late spring and summer.Peak flows in the mainstem tend to occur in late May and early June (Figure 4). The LittleKlickitat River flows from the Simcoe Mountains and is largely fed by snowmelt supplementedby base flow from ground water sources. Snow melts out of the Simcoe Mountains earlier thanin the Cascade Mountains and snow pack tends to be substantially lower. As a result, peak flowsin the Little Klickitat River tend to occur in late February or early March, roughly three monthsearlier than in the mainstem Klickitat River (Figure 4). Most of the stream flow gauges in WRIA30 are no longer active (Appendix D). Stream flow records that ended 20 years are likely notreflective of current conditions.2.5 GROUND WATER RESOURCESGround water within WRIA 30 occurs both within the basalt bedrock units and in the surficialalluvium (overburden). Ground water in the basalts occurs primarily at the tops of the individualvolcanic flows where the rock formations are porous and permeable.Existing Conditions 14 May 3, 2005
Klickitat River BasinWatershed Management Plan30002500CFS20001500Upper Klickitat NearGlenwoodMiddle Klicktat near PittLittle Klickitat1000Lower Klickitat near Pitt5000OctNovDecJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepFigure 4. Average stream flow (fifty percent exceedance) estimated at three locations on themainstem Klickitat River and for the Little Klickitat River.Sediments are often layered between basalt flows (interbeds). These sediments may alsotransmit ground water if they are coarse-grained. Because the composition, thickness, and extentof the interbeds are highly variable, ground water production from these geologic units iscorrespondingly variable. A single basalt formation (e.g., Wanapum Basalt) can encompassmultiple individual basalt flows. As a result, each formation can encompass multiple layeredsequences of aquifer zones (interflows) separated by relatively impervious rock.The continuity and distribution of water-bearing zones within the basalt bedrock are affected bythe geologic structures. Folds and faults can disrupt the continuity of the permeable interflowzones. For example, the weight of evidence strongly suggests that the Warwick Fault, whichcrosses the southwestern edge of the Swale Creek valley, acts locally as a hydraulic barrierimpounding ground water on the up gradient (east) side of the fault (toward Centerville). Faultsalso can provide conduits for vertical ground water flow between water-bearing zones. Erosionalcanyons can also limit lateral continuity of shallower ground water-bearing zones. Canyonsdissect the basalt surface and can restrict lateral movement of ground water, subsequentlylimiting the productivity of shallower aquifer systems.2.5.1 MAJOR AQUIFERSFrom the surface down (youngest to oldest), the geologic units of primary significance withrespect to WRIA 30 ground water are:• AlluviumExisting Conditions 15 May 3, 2005
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