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The PASCAL <strong>Chronicle</strong>HEROINHeroin is an illegal and one of the most addictive drugs. After only limited usage a person becomes hopelessly addictedto this powerful drug. Heroin is made of natural opiates from the poppy flower. Most heroin originates fromAsia. It’s known as ‘black tar’.Most people start out by inhaling heroin but quickly progress to injections of the drug to get ‘high’ quicker and feedtheir addiction rapidly. Once injected the heroin quickly progresses through the blood-brain barrier to bind with brainopiates. The speed at which it is transmitted to the brain seems to be one of the reasons why heroin is so addictive.Withdrawal symptoms may occur if its use is reduced or stopped. Withdrawal symptoms include drug craving, sweating,restlessness, muscles and bone pain, kicking movements, etc. The heroin addict’s skin will flush, the mouth willbecome extremely dry and he/she will feel extremely nauseated causing them to vomit repeatedly.Heroin is classified as a depressant drug which causes most people to become tired and sleepy after usage. Theirmind becomes clouded and foggy. Their reaction time is close to non-existent. Cardiac function and breathing slowsdown. Many people die from heroin overdose because of the depressed state of the cardiac and respiratory system.Sophia Flouri 3DThe EyeEyes are organs that detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The eye is a complexoptical system which collects light from the surrounding environment, regulates its intensity througha diaphragm, focuses it through an adjustable assembly of lenses which is the response of the eye to the stimulus, to form an image. This image is converted into a set of electrical signals, and transmits these signals tothe brain through complex neural pathways that connect the eye via the optic nerve to the visual cortex and otherareas of the brain.A nerve cell is called a neurone in biological terms. The impulses that travel along the neurone are not in an electriccurrent but they are caused by the movement of ions in and out of the neurone. The impulses travel at a speedenough to produce a rapid response in a stimulus. The impulses from the receptors pass along nerves with sensoryneurons until the brain and the spinal cord is reached. The central nervous system is made by these two organs.Some other nerves contain motor neurons transmitting impulses to the muscles and glands. Thousands of individualneurons are contained in a typical nerve. Some animals use their eyes to detect light but cannot form a proper imagelike snails. Other animals like dogs detect light and can form images but cannot distinguish between colours. Thehuman eye does all three it detects the light forms a proper image and distinguishes between colours.The eye has a complicated structure that allows it to convert light from an object into impulses forming an image.The eye consists of a tough outer layer called sclera, which to us, is the visible white layer of the eye. At the front ofthe eye the sclera becomes transparent called cornea which in this way lets light pass into the eye. Behind the corneais the coloured ring of the tissue called iris. In the middle of the iris there is a hole called the pupil which lets thelight through. The pupil is black because there is no light escaping from the inside of the eye.Underneath the sclera there is a dark layer called the choroid. The dark colours come from the many pigment cellsthat it contains as well as blood vessels. The pigments causing the dark colours prevents the light from being reflectedinside the eye. The retina is the innermost layer at the back of the eye which is the light sensitive layer wherelight energy is transformed into the electrical energy of nerve impulses. Retina contains cells called rods and coneswhich react to light producing impulses in sensory neurons. Impulses pass from sensory neurons to the brainthrough the optic nerve. Rod cells work well in dim light but they cannot distinguish between different colours so thebrain sees an image produced by rods in black and white. This is the reason why we cannot see in dim light. On theother hand cones will only work in bright light and there are three types which respond to red, green and blue. Dueto these three types of cones being stimulated we can see colours visible in light. On the other hand if all these threecolours are stimulated equally our brain sees white. Both cells of rods and cones are found through the retina butcones are mostly found in the centre of the retina in an area called the fovea. Cones give a sharper image than rodswhich is why we can see objects clearly if we are looking directly at them, so that the image falls on the fovea.Andrea Leandrou 6A76
2012-20132013The Physical Education Department of PASCAL English School Lefkosia has always been trying to promotethe sporting spirit amongst our pupils and find ways to promote exercise and healthy lifestyle.Each year our department organises sporting competitions and takes part in competitions organised by theMinistry of Education and Culture, other private schools and National Federations in an effort to promotethe school. During the academic year 2012-2013 more than 400 students from both schools participated inmore than eighteen (18) intra-school, inter-schools, District, National and International Competitions andmanaged to receive some very good results.Some of the highlights of the year include our participation for the first time ever in the PancyprianTable-tennis Tournament organised by the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Gold medal in theInterschool 3on3 basketball tournament, the MVP (most valuable player) trophy in the 3on3 interschoolbasketball tournament, two Gold Medals in the Pancyprian Track and Field Competition also organised bythe Ministry of Education and Culture as well as the Gold, Silver and Bronze medals won by our students inthe Inter-school and Pancyprian Swimming competitions.Below are descriptions of two of the biggest sporting annual events held by our school which grow and aremore successful each year.I. U15 PASCAL English School Lefkosia Futsal Tournament:Our school organised for the third year in a row, a futsal tournament of eleven (last year ten) privateschools from the Lefkosia district. The participating schools were: The GrammarSchool, The G C School of Careers, The Falcon School, The American Academy,Terra Santa College, ΟΛΥΜΠΙΟΝ, The Senior School, PASCAL English School,PASCAL Greek School, The American International School and FORUM School Thetournament spanned from October until May, and gave the opportunity to ourpupils to participate in a game against another school almost every week.Our English School team was coached by the P.E. teacher Antonis Antonopoulos and consisted of Year 3students: Adoni Stylianos (3B), Andreou Andreas (3B), Charalambous Nicholas (3B), Simou Marios (3C),Jovanovic Nicholas (3E), Erotocritou Chrysovalantis (3E), Orfanou Giovannis (3D), Arsalides Philippos (3D),Makrides George (3B) and Theophanous Antonis (3E).Our Greek School team consisted of students from Years 1, 2 and 3 and those were: Posidias Constantinos(A1), Hatzirousos Alexandros (A1), Antoniou Iasonas (A1), Philippou Constantinos (B1), ChrysostomouChristodoulos (B1), Sofroniou Simos (B1), Mavromoustakos Andreas (B1) and Giorgallides Alexandros (Γ1).Both teams had some very good games and some really great results. The English School boys finished inthe second place of the group and qualified for the semi-final where they lost to Terra-Santa 4-3. In thefinal game against OLYMPION, for the 3 rd -4 th place of the tournament, our boys lost their concentration.Despite the fact they were ahead in the score, they lost the game and finished the tournament in the 4 thplace.Congratulations to both our teams for their performance throughout the tournament and for doing theirvery best to proudly represent our school. We wish them all the best for next year’s tournament.77
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The PASCALChronicle2012/2013
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2012-20132013Message from the Direc
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2012-20132013Message from the Princ
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2012-20132013CENTRAL PUPIL COUNCIL
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2012-20132013Our Last YearTime pass
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2012-20132013THE LIBRARYThe library
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2012-20132013CARREERS COUNSELLING -
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2012-20132013PROFILEInterview with
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2012-20132013LANGUAGESPancyprian &
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2012-20132013Languages Department-
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2012-20132013Benjamin Franklin Comp
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2012-20132013I. COMPETITIONSIntersc
Page 25 and 26: 2012-20132013MOEC Nicosia DISTRICT
Page 27 and 28: 2012-20132013SCIENCE FAIRCreativity
Page 29 and 30: 2012-20132013German EventThis year
Page 31 and 32: 2012-20132013The castAbby BrewsterM
Page 33 and 34: 2012-20132013EYPLast summer I parti
Page 35 and 36: 2012-20132013ENVIROMENTAL CLUBPASCA
Page 37 and 38: 2012-20132013MUSIC CLUB—RECORDING
Page 39 and 40: 2012-20132013DEMETRAHOUSE: DEMETRAC
Page 41 and 42: 2012-20132013APOLLOHOUSE: APOLLOCOL
Page 43 and 44: 2012-20132013Poseidon’s Hidden Ta
Page 45 and 46: 2012-20132013CARNIVAL PARTYFUN DAY4
Page 47 and 48: 2012-20132013PARADEIN-SCHOOL CELEBR
Page 49 and 50: 2012-20132013The financial crisis i
Page 51 and 52: 2012-20132013Global WarmingHow to s
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Page 57 and 58: 2012-20132013ENGLISHMy Pool of Invi
Page 59 and 60: 2012-20132013ENGLISHLetter addresse
Page 61 and 62: 2012-20132013FRENCHLa francophonie,
Page 63 and 64: 2012-20132013GeographyNEPALWhy Nepa
Page 65 and 66: 2012-20132013Psychology1. What is g
Page 67 and 68: 2012-20132013EconomicsThe Minimum W
Page 69 and 70: 2012-20132013GreekΜια ακατο
Page 71 and 72: 2012-20132013GreekΗ ΜΑΥΡΟΚΟ
Page 73 and 74: 2012-20132013How can you use 10 bal
Page 75: 2012-20132013Caffeine is a stimulan
Page 79 and 80: 2012-20132013A/A Competition Date A
Page 81 and 82: 2012-20132013Wireless NetworksHavin
Page 83 and 84: 2012-20132013ArtRafaellaAristodemou
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