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17ALKYL HALIDES AND AMINESAfter completing this lesson, youwill be able to:Name alkyl halides using IUPAC system.Discuss the structure and reactivity of RX.This is 12 days lesson(period including homework)Describe the preparation of RX by the reaction of alcohols with HX, SOCl2 and PX3 and by radicalhalogenations of alkanes.Describe the mechanism and types of nucleophilic substitution reaction. (Understanding)Describe the mechanism and types of elimination reactions.Describe the preparation and reactivity of Grignard’s’ Reagents.Discuss chemistry of Grignard’s reagent by the addition of aldhydes, ketons, esters and carbon dioxide..Discuss nomenclature, structure and basicity of amines. Describe the preparation of amines by alkylation ofammonia to RX and reduction of nitriles, nitro and amide functional groups.Discuss reactivity of amines.Describe chemistry of amines by alkylation of amines wit RX, reaction with aldeydes, ketons preparations ofamides and diazonium salts.Describe isomerism in alkyl halides and amines.Reading17.1 ALKYL HALIDEIntroduction“Alkyl halides are the compounds in which one hydrogen atom of Alkanes has beenreplaced by one halogen atom. They are also known as halogen derivatives of alkanes.”Types:They may be mono, di, tri or poly haloalkanes depending upon the number of halogenatoms present in the molecule. Monohaloalkanes are called alkylhalides having general formula R-X.Classification of Alkyl Halides:Alkyl halides are classified into primary, secondary andtertiary alkyls halides.(i) Primary Alkyl Halides:“Alkyl halide in which halogen atom is attached with primarycarbon are called primary alkyl halide”. (Carbon atom attachedto one or no carbon atom is called primary C-atom.)
17 Alkyl Halides and Amines175(ii) Secondary Alkyl Halides:“Alkyl halide in which halogen atom is attached with a secondary carbon atom is calledsecondary alkyl halide.”Secondary C-atom:“C-atom, attached to two C-atoms simultaneously is called secondary C-atom.”(iii) Tertiary Alkyl Halides:“Alkyl halides, in which halogen atom is attached to a tertiarycarbon is called tertiary alkyl halide”.Tertiary C-atom“C-atom, attached to three C-atoms simultaneously is calledtertiary C-atom”.17.1.1. NomenclatureAlkyl halides are named according to the following systems:(i)(ii)Common System of naming.IUPAC System of naming.(i) Common System of Naming:This method consists in first writing the name of alkyl group to which halogen atom isattached and then writing the name of halide ion, e.g.,Ethyl Chloride
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Textbook ofChemistryGrade 12
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OUR MOTTOStandards Outcomes Access
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CONTENTSNo. Chapter Name P. No.1314
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13 s and p - Block ElementsP [Ne] 3
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913 s and p - Block Elements(b) Phy
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13 s and p - Block ElementsArgonArg
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13 s and p - Block ElementsSulphurS
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13 s and p - Block ElementsThose ox
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13 s and p - Block Elements17Fig 13
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13 s and p - Block ElementsWith hot
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13 s and p - Block ElementsChlorine
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13 s and p - Block ElementsThe alum
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13 s and p - Block Elements13.1.6 H
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13 s and p - Block ElementsNotice t
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13 s and p - Block ElementsRb red (
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I2I1 + I213 s and p - Block Element
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13 s and p - Block ElementsCalcium,
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13 s and p - Block ElementsThis is
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13 s and p - Block Elements9. Behav
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13 s and p - Block Elements13.4.2 T
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13 s and p - Block ElementsThis fir
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13 s and p - Block ElementsWe know
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13 s and p - Block ElementsCarbon a
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13 s and p - Block Elements51Quick
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13 s and p - Block ElementsIt has b
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13 s and p - Block Elements55Quick
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13 s and p - Block Elementstoxicity
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13 s and p - Block Elementsviii. Wh
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15 Organic Compounds15.1 SOURCES OF
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15 Organic Compounds1053. Melting a
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15 Organic Compounds107Quick Quiz1.
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15 Organic CompoundsNitrileMethyle
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15 Organic Compounds6. There is a g
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15 Organic Compounds113C) Detection
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15 Organic Compounds115iii. Which o
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16 Hydrocarbons11716.1 TYPES OF HYD
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16 Hydrocarbons119orororQuick Quiz1
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16 Hydrocarbons1213-Ethyl-2,3,5-tri
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Page 131 and 132: 16 Hydrocarbons129Activity1. Name t
Page 133 and 134: 16 Hydrocarbons1312. Dehydrohalogen
Page 135 and 136: 16 Hydrocarbons133HydrationAddition
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Page 139 and 140: 16 Hydrocarbons137benzeneconjugated
Page 141 and 142: 16 Hydrocarbons13916.6.2 Carbon-Bas
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Page 145 and 146: 16 Hydrocarbons143No geometrical is
Page 147 and 148: 16 Hydrocarbons1451) MetamerismThis
Page 149 and 150: 16 Hydrocarbons147(b)(c)(d)(e)16.7.
Page 151 and 152: 16 Hydrocarbons149terminal alkyne p
Page 153 and 154: 16 Hydrocarbons151BrominationChlori
Page 155 and 156: 16 Hydrocarbons153CumeneDisubstitut
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Page 159 and 160: 16 Hydrocarbons157Thus molecule of
Page 161 and 162: 16 Hydrocarbons159(c) Addition of H
Page 163 and 164: 16 Hydrocarbons161Explanation and E
Page 165 and 166: 16 Hydrocarbons163SulfonationThe in
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Page 169 and 170: 16 Hydrocarbons167On the other hand
Page 171 and 172: 16 Hydrocarbons169SOCIETY, TECHNOLO
Page 173 and 174: 16 Hydrocarbons171Exercise1. The mo
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Page 191 and 192: 17 Alkyl Halides and Amines189CH 3I
Page 193 and 194: 17 Alkyl Halides and Amines191Anili
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Page 197 and 198: 17 Alkyl Halides and AminesAlkylati
Page 199 and 200: 17 Alkyl Halides and Amines197Key P
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