Programming in C

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Functions and Structures 171 end of the month, tomorrow’s date is calculated by simply adding 1 to the day and setting tomorrow’s month and year equal to today’s month and year. If today’s date does fall at the end of the month, another test is made to determine if it is the end of the year. If the month equals 12, meaning that today’s date is December 31, tomorrow’s date is set equal to January 1 of the next year. If the month does not equal 12, tomorrow’s date is set to the first day of the following month (of the same year). After tomorrow’s date has been calculated, the values are displayed to the user with an appropriate printf statement call, and program execution is complete. Functions and Structures Now, you can return to the problem that was discovered in the previous program.Your program thinks that February always has 28 days, so naturally when you ask it for the day after February 28, it always displays March 1 as the answer.You need to make a special test for the case of a leap year. If the year is a leap year, and the month is February, the number of days in that month is 29. Otherwise, the normal lookup inside the daysPerMonth array can be made. A good way to incorporate the required changes into Program 9.2 is to develop a function called numberOfDays to determine the number of days in a month.The function would perform the leap year test and the lookup inside the daysPerMonth array as required. Inside the main routine, all that has to be changed is the if statement, which compares the value of today.day to daysPerMonth[today.month - 1]. Instead, you could now compare the value of today.day to the value returned by your numberOfDays function. Study Program 9.3 carefully to determine what is being passed to the numberOfDays function as an argument. Program 9.3 Revising the Program to Determine Tomorrow’s Date // Program to determine tomorrow's date #include #include struct date { int month; int day; int year; }; int main (void) {
172 Chapter 9 Working with Structures Program 9.3 Continued struct date today, tomorrow; int numberOfDays (struct date d); printf ("Enter today's date (mm dd yyyy): "); scanf ("%i%i%i", &today.month, &today.day, &today.year); if ( today.day != numberOfDays (today) ) { tomorrow.day = today.day + 1; tomorrow.month = today.month; tomorrow.year = today.year; } else if ( today.month == 12 ) { // end of year tomorrow.day = 1; tomorrow.month = 1; tomorrow.year = today.year + 1; } else { // end of month tomorrow.day = 1; tomorrow.month = today.month + 1; tomorrow.year = today.year; } printf ("Tomorrow's date is %i/%i/%.2i.\n",tomorrow.month, tomorrow.day, tomorrow.year % 100); } return 0; // Function to find the number of days in a month int numberOfDays (struct date d) { int days; bool isLeapYear (struct date d); const int daysPerMonth[12] = { 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 }; if ( isLeapYear (d) == true && d.month == 2 ) days = 29; else days = daysPerMonth[d.month - 1]; } return days;
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Programming in C Third Edition
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Programming in C Third Edition Step
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❖ To my mother and father ❖
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1
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Contents ix Character Arrays 108 Ba
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Contents xi Pointers to Functions 2
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Contents xiii 17 Miscellaneous and
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Contents xv 6.0 Storage Classes and
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Preface It’s hard to believe that
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Acknowledgements I wish to thank th
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1 Introduction THE C PROGRAMMING LA
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Introduction 3 terminology. It also
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6 Chapter 2 Some Fundamentals Highe
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8 Chapter 2 Some Fundamentals durin
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10 Chapter 2 Some Fundamentals the
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12 Chapter 3 Compiling and Running
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22 Chapter 4 Variables, Data Types,
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5 Program Looping IFYOU ARRANGE 15
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The for Statement 45 Program 5.2 Co
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The for Statement 47 When the loop_
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The for Statement 49 constitutes th
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The for Statement 51 The primary ch
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The for Statement 53 Nested for Loo
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The for Statement 55 Multiple Expre
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The while Statement 57 Program 5.6
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The while Statement 59 Program 5.7
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The do Statement 61 do program stat
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Exercises 63 Now that you are famil
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6 Making Decisions IN CHAPTER 5,“
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The if Statement 67 The program was
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The if Statement 69 would do the tr
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The if Statement 71 When writing pr
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The if Statement 73 To illustrate t
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The if Statement 75 Nested if State
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The if Statement 77 separate if sta
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The if Statement 79 Program 6.7 Con
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The if Statement 81 Program 6.8 Con
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The if Statement 83 Program 6.8A Co
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The switch Statement 85 if ( expres
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Boolean Variables 87 switch (operat
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Boolean Variables 89 “off,” its
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The Conditional Operator 91 Program
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Exercises 93 Exercises 1. Type in a
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7 Working with Arrays THE C LANGUAG
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Defining an Array 97 sequences thro
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Defining an Array 99 values [0] 197
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Defining an Array 101 proceeding wi
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Defining an Array 103 As a point of
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Defining an Array 105 the term “p
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Initializing Arrays 107 Arrays of c
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Character Arrays 109 The most notab
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Character Arrays 111 Program 7.7 Co
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Multidimensional Arrays 113 example
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Variable-Length Arrays 115 Pay part
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Exercises 117 than 1 or greater tha
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8 Working with Functions BEHIND ALL
Page 142 and 143: Defining a Function 121 appears.Thi
Page 144 and 145: Arguments and Local Variables 123 p
Page 146 and 147: Arguments and Local Variables 125 w
Page 148 and 149: Returning Function Results 127 defi
Page 150 and 151: Returning Function Results 129 In C
Page 152 and 153: Functions Calling Functions Calling
Page 158 and 159: Functions and Arrays 137 As you can
Page 160 and 161: Functions and Arrays 139 Program 8.
Page 164 and 165: Functions and Arrays 143 When you w
Page 168 and 169: Functions and Arrays 147 An entire
Page 174 and 175: Global Variables 153 In Program 8.1
Page 176 and 177: Global Variables 155 much improved
Page 178 and 179: Automatic and Static Variables 157
Page 180 and 181: Recursive Functions 159 Recursive F
Page 182 and 183: Recursive Functions 161 With the va
Page 184 and 185: Exercises 163 represents a quadrati
Page 186 and 187: 9 Working with Structures CHAPTER 7
Page 188 and 189: A Structure for Storing the Date 16
Page 190 and 191: A Structure for Storing the Date 16
Page 194 and 195: Functions and Structures 173 Progra
Page 198 and 199: Functions and Structures 177 illust
Page 202 and 203: Initializing Structures 181 sets th
Page 204 and 205: Arrays of Structures 183 Initializa
Page 206 and 207: Structures Containing Structures 18
Page 208 and 209: Structures Containing Arrays 187 Na
Page 210 and 211: Structures Containing Arrays 189 Pr
Page 212 and 213: Exercises 191 struct date { int mon
Page 214: Exercises 193 previously.This funct
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Page 229 and 230: 208 Chapter 10 Character Strings In
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222 Chapter 10 Character Strings Pr
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224 Chapter 10 Character Strings No
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226 Chapter 10 Character Strings Pr
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228 Chapter 10 Character Strings ca
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230 Chapter 10 Character Strings Th
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232 Chapter 10 Character Strings to
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11 Pointers IN THIS CHAPTER,YOU EXA
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Defining a Pointer Variable 237 Pro
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Using Pointers in Expressions 239 (
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Working with Pointers and Structure
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The Keyword const and Pointers 253
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Pointers and Functions 255 Program
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Pointers and Functions 257 You shou
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Pointers and Arrays 259 displayed.T
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Pointers and Arrays 261 To set text
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Pointers and Arrays 263 Program 11.
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Pointers and Arrays 265 eliminate t
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Pointers and Arrays 267 Program 11.
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Pointers and Arrays 269 just seen,
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Pointers and Arrays 271 Execution o
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Pointers to Functions 273 Program 1
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Pointers and Memory Addresses 275 m
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Exercises 277 8. Write a function c
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280 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits T
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282 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits W
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284 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits B
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286 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits w
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288 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits h
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290 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits I
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292 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits P
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294 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits o
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296 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits }
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298 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits a
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300 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor def
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302 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor By
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304 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor the
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306 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor els
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308 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor are
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310 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor ass
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312 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor The
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314 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor Sup
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316 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor Sys
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318 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor wan
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320 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor Exe
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322 Chapter 14 More on Data Types d
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324 Chapter 14 More on Data Types P
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326 Chapter 14 More on Data Types T
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328 Chapter 14 More on Data Types 4
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330 Chapter 14 More on Data Types F
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15 Working with Larger Programs THE
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Dividing Your Program into Multiple
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Communication Between Modules 337 v
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Communication Between Modules 339 S
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Communication Between Modules 341 U
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Other Utilities for Working with La
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Other Utilities for Working with La
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348 Chapter 16 Input and Output Ope
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374 Chapter 17 Miscellaneous and Ad
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390 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs P
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396 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs Y
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398 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs O
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400 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs L
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406 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs m
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408 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs A
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19 Object-Oriented Programming BECA
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Writing a C Program to Work with Fr
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Defining an Objective-C Class to Wo
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Defining an Objective-C Class to Wo
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Defining a C++ Class to Work with F
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Defining a C++ Class to Work with F
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Defining a C# Class to Work with Fr
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A C Language Summary THIS SECTION S
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3.0 Constants 427 3.0 Constants 3.1
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3.0 Constants 429 In the octal char
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4.0 Data Types and Declarations 431
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5.0 Expressions 439 As an example,
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5.0 Expressions 441 Table A.5 Conti
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5.0 Expressions 443 1. As the value
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5.0 Expressions 445 The usual arith
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5.0 Expressions 447 5.11 sizeof Ope
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5.0 Expressions 449 Pointers to Arr
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5.0 Expressions 451 Types other tha
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6.0 Storage Classes and Scope 453 T
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7.0 Functions 455 int printf (char
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8.0 Statements 457 Execution of a b
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8.0 Statements 459 the null stateme
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9.0 The Preprocessor 461 Table A.7
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9.0 The Preprocessor 463 produces p
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9.0 The Preprocessor 465 In either
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B The Standard C Library THE STANDA
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Standard Header Files 469 This hea
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String Functions 471 char *strerror
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I/O Functions 473 Character Functio
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I/O Functions 475 FILE *fopen (file
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I/O Functions 477 size_t fwrite (bu
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String-to-Number Conversion 479 int
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Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions
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Math Functions 483 int islessequal
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Math Functions 485 double fma (x, y
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Math Functions 487 double remquo (x
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Math Functions 489 double complex c
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General Utility Functions 491 argum
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494 Appendix C Compiling Programs w
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D Common Programming Mistakes THE F
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Common Programming Mistakes 499 7.
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E Resources THIS APPENDIX CONTAINS
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Miscellaneous 503 Visual Studio htt
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Index Symbols \’ (single quote) e
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arrays 507 functions, 122-123 decla
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C language 509 bits, 279 bit fields
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character strings 511 calculating a
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copying 513 Compiling the Debug Cod
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derived data types 515 breakpoint d
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file I/O operations 517 enumerated
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functions 519 formatted I/O operati
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functions 521 I/O, 473-478 fclose(
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grep utility 523 strncat( ), 471 st
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int data type 525 programs Calculat
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macros 527 llround( ) function, 486
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OOP 529 multiple source files, comp
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prime numbers 531 character string
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programs 533 bitwise operators, Ill
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eferencing defined values 535 synta
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statements 537 search methods binar
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summing array elements 539 string_l
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variable-length character strings 5
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Xcode 543 Introducing the while Sta
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