Programming in C

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character strings 511 calculating absolute value of numbers, 129-131 square roots, 131-133 triangular numbers nested for loops (program looping), 53-54 output alignment (program looping), 50-51 program looping, 43-45 user input (program looping), 51-52 Calculating Factorials Recursively (Program 8.16), 159-161 Calculating the 200th Triangular Number (Program 5.2), 44-45 Calculating the Absolute Value (Program 8.7), 129-131 Calculating the Absolute Value of an Integer (Program 6.1), 66-67 Calculating the Average of a Set of Grades (Program 6.2), 67-69 Calculating the Eighth Triangular Number (Program 5.1), 43 Calculating the nth Triangular Number (Program 8.4), 123 Calculating the Square Root of a Number (Program 8.8), 132-133 call stacks (traces), 405 calling functions, 121-122 C language specifications, 455-456 statements, 13 Calling Functions (Program 8.2), 121 calloc( ) function, 386, 481 dynamic memory allocation, 384-385 carq( ) function, 488 case sensitivity in programming, 11 casin( ) function, 488 casinh( ) function, 488 catan( ) function, 489 catanh( ) function, 489 Categorizing a Single Character Entered at the Terminal (Program 6.7), 78-80 cc command (Unix), 7-9 ccos( ) function, 489 ccosh( ) function, 489 ceil( ) function, 484 cexp( ) function, 489 Changing Array Elements in Functions (Program 8.11), 142-143 char data type, 23 quote usage, 25-26 character arrays, 108-109, 196-198 character constants C language specifications, 428 escape sequences, 428-429 wide character, 429 in expressions, 227-230 character functions, 473 character I/O operations getchar( ) function, 348 putchar( ) function, 348 character string constants C language specifications concatenation, 429 multibyte, 429 pointers, 267-268 character strings, 195 adjacent, 218 combining with array of structures, 219-222 comparing, 204-206 concatenating, 196 Concatenating Character Strings (Program 10.3), 202-203 continuation of, 218-219 Converting a String to its Integer Equivalent (Program 10.11), 228-230 converting into integers, 228 How can we make this index more useful? Email us at indexes@samspublishing.com
512 character strings copying, 266-267, 271 delimiting, 195 displaying, 201-203 escape characters, 216-218 initializing, 201-203 inputting, 206-208 length, 199, 272 null string, 213-215 pointers to, 266-267 Reading Strings with scanf (Program 10.5), 207-208 testing for equality, 204-206 Testing Strings for Equality (Program 10.4), 204-206 universal character name, 218 variable length, 198-200 characters arrays of comparing, 472 copying, 472 initializing, 107 memory functions, 472 searching, 472 files reading (getc( ) function), 365 reading (putc( ) function), 365 formation of valid variables, 22 pointers to, 238-239 sign extensions, 329 single-character input, 208-212 whitespace, scanf( ) function, 355 cimaq( ) function, 489 classes (OOP) instances, 412-413 methods, 412-413 clear command (gdb debugger), 409 clearerr( ) function, 474 clearing end of file indicators, 474 cloq( ) function, 489 closing files, 474 fclose( ) function, 365-367 Code Warrior Web site, 503 comma operators, 378, 447 command lines, multiple source files, compiling, 334-336 command-line arguments, 380 File Copy Program Using Command-Line Arguments (Program 17.1), 382-383 main( ) function, 380-381 storing, 383 comments C language specifications, 426 character syntax beginning, 18 terminating, 18 including in programs, 17-19 proper usage of, 18-19 Using Comments in a Program ((Program 3.6), 17-19 communication between modules external variables, 336-338 include files, 341-342 prototype declarations, 336 static variables, 339-340 compare_strings( ) function, 224 comparing arrays of characters, 472 character strings, 204-206 strings, 470-471 compilers, 6-9 GNU C, 12 Unix C, 12 compiling programs, 7-12 assemblers, 9 debugging phase, 9 errors semantic, 7-9 syntactic, 7-9 multiple source files from command lines, 334-336
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Programming in C Third Edition
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Programming in C Third Edition Step
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❖ To my mother and father ❖
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Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1
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Contents ix Character Arrays 108 Ba
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Contents xi Pointers to Functions 2
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Contents xiii 17 Miscellaneous and
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Contents xv 6.0 Storage Classes and
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Preface It’s hard to believe that
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Acknowledgements I wish to thank th
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1 Introduction THE C PROGRAMMING LA
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Introduction 3 terminology. It also
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6 Chapter 2 Some Fundamentals Highe
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8 Chapter 2 Some Fundamentals durin
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10 Chapter 2 Some Fundamentals the
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12 Chapter 3 Compiling and Running
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22 Chapter 4 Variables, Data Types,
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5 Program Looping IFYOU ARRANGE 15
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The for Statement 45 Program 5.2 Co
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The for Statement 47 When the loop_
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The for Statement 49 constitutes th
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The for Statement 51 The primary ch
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The for Statement 53 Nested for Loo
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The for Statement 55 Multiple Expre
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The while Statement 57 Program 5.6
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The while Statement 59 Program 5.7
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The do Statement 61 do program stat
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Exercises 63 Now that you are famil
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6 Making Decisions IN CHAPTER 5,“
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The if Statement 67 The program was
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The if Statement 69 would do the tr
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The if Statement 71 When writing pr
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The if Statement 73 To illustrate t
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The if Statement 75 Nested if State
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The if Statement 77 separate if sta
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The if Statement 79 Program 6.7 Con
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The if Statement 81 Program 6.8 Con
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The if Statement 83 Program 6.8A Co
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The switch Statement 85 if ( expres
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Boolean Variables 87 switch (operat
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Boolean Variables 89 “off,” its
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The Conditional Operator 91 Program
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Exercises 93 Exercises 1. Type in a
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7 Working with Arrays THE C LANGUAG
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Defining an Array 97 sequences thro
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Defining an Array 99 values [0] 197
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Defining an Array 101 proceeding wi
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Defining an Array 103 As a point of
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Defining an Array 105 the term “p
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Initializing Arrays 107 Arrays of c
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Character Arrays 109 The most notab
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Character Arrays 111 Program 7.7 Co
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Multidimensional Arrays 113 example
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Variable-Length Arrays 115 Pay part
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Exercises 117 than 1 or greater tha
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8 Working with Functions BEHIND ALL
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Defining a Function 121 appears.Thi
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Arguments and Local Variables 123 p
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Arguments and Local Variables 125 w
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Returning Function Results 127 defi
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Returning Function Results 129 In C
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Functions Calling Functions Calling
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Functions and Arrays 137 As you can
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Functions and Arrays 139 Program 8.
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Functions and Arrays 143 When you w
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Functions and Arrays 147 An entire
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Global Variables 153 In Program 8.1
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Global Variables 155 much improved
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Automatic and Static Variables 157
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Recursive Functions 159 Recursive F
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Recursive Functions 161 With the va
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Exercises 163 represents a quadrati
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9 Working with Structures CHAPTER 7
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A Structure for Storing the Date 16
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A Structure for Storing the Date 16
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Functions and Structures 171 end of
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Functions and Structures 173 Progra
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Functions and Structures 177 illust
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Initializing Structures 181 sets th
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Arrays of Structures 183 Initializa
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Structures Containing Structures 18
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Structures Containing Arrays 187 Na
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Structures Containing Arrays 189 Pr
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Exercises 191 struct date { int mon
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Exercises 193 previously.This funct
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196 Chapter 10 Character Strings Ar
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198 Chapter 10 Character Strings Th
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200 Chapter 10 Character Strings Pr
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202 Chapter 10 Character Strings ca
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204 Chapter 10 Character Strings Te
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208 Chapter 10 Character Strings In
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214 Chapter 10 Character Strings of
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216 Chapter 10 Character Strings Es
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218 Chapter 10 Character Strings co
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220 Chapter 10 Character Strings In
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224 Chapter 10 Character Strings No
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228 Chapter 10 Character Strings ca
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232 Chapter 10 Character Strings to
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11 Pointers IN THIS CHAPTER,YOU EXA
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Defining a Pointer Variable 237 Pro
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Using Pointers in Expressions 239 (
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Working with Pointers and Structure
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The Keyword const and Pointers 253
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Pointers and Functions 255 Program
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Pointers and Functions 257 You shou
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Pointers and Arrays 259 displayed.T
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Pointers and Arrays 261 To set text
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Pointers and Arrays 263 Program 11.
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Pointers and Arrays 265 eliminate t
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Pointers and Arrays 267 Program 11.
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Pointers and Arrays 269 just seen,
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Pointers and Arrays 271 Execution o
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Pointers to Functions 273 Program 1
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Pointers and Memory Addresses 275 m
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Exercises 277 8. Write a function c
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280 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits T
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282 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits W
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284 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits B
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286 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits w
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288 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits h
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290 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits I
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292 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits P
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294 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits o
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296 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits }
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298 Chapter 12 Operations on Bits a
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300 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor def
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302 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor By
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304 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor the
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306 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor els
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308 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor are
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310 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor ass
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312 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor The
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314 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor Sup
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316 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor Sys
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318 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor wan
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320 Chapter 13 The Preprocessor Exe
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322 Chapter 14 More on Data Types d
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324 Chapter 14 More on Data Types P
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326 Chapter 14 More on Data Types T
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328 Chapter 14 More on Data Types 4
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330 Chapter 14 More on Data Types F
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15 Working with Larger Programs THE
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Dividing Your Program into Multiple
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Communication Between Modules 337 v
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Communication Between Modules 339 S
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Communication Between Modules 341 U
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Other Utilities for Working with La
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Other Utilities for Working with La
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348 Chapter 16 Input and Output Ope
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374 Chapter 17 Miscellaneous and Ad
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390 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs P
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396 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs Y
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398 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs O
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400 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs L
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406 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs m
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408 Chapter 18 Debugging Programs A
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19 Object-Oriented Programming BECA
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Writing a C Program to Work with Fr
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Defining an Objective-C Class to Wo
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Defining an Objective-C Class to Wo
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Defining a C++ Class to Work with F
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Defining a C++ Class to Work with F
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Defining a C# Class to Work with Fr
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A C Language Summary THIS SECTION S
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3.0 Constants 427 3.0 Constants 3.1
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3.0 Constants 429 In the octal char
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4.0 Data Types and Declarations 431
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5.0 Expressions 439 As an example,
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5.0 Expressions 441 Table A.5 Conti
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5.0 Expressions 443 1. As the value
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5.0 Expressions 445 The usual arith
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5.0 Expressions 447 5.11 sizeof Ope
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5.0 Expressions 449 Pointers to Arr
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5.0 Expressions 451 Types other tha
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6.0 Storage Classes and Scope 453 T
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7.0 Functions 455 int printf (char
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8.0 Statements 457 Execution of a b
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8.0 Statements 459 the null stateme
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Page 488 and 489: B The Standard C Library THE STANDA
Page 490 and 491: Standard Header Files 469 This hea
Page 492 and 493: String Functions 471 char *strerror
Page 494 and 495: I/O Functions 473 Character Functio
Page 496 and 497: I/O Functions 475 FILE *fopen (file
Page 498 and 499: I/O Functions 477 size_t fwrite (bu
Page 500 and 501: String-to-Number Conversion 479 int
Page 502 and 503: Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions
Page 504 and 505: Math Functions 483 int islessequal
Page 506 and 507: Math Functions 485 double fma (x, y
Page 508 and 509: Math Functions 487 double remquo (x
Page 510 and 511: Math Functions 489 double complex c
Page 512: General Utility Functions 491 argum
Page 515 and 516: 494 Appendix C Compiling Programs w
Page 518 and 519: D Common Programming Mistakes THE F
Page 520 and 521: Common Programming Mistakes 499 7.
Page 522 and 523: E Resources THIS APPENDIX CONTAINS
Page 524 and 525: Miscellaneous 503 Visual Studio htt
Page 526 and 527: Index Symbols \’ (single quote) e
Page 528 and 529: arrays 507 functions, 122-123 decla
Page 530 and 531: C language 509 bits, 279 bit fields
Page 534 and 535: copying 513 Compiling the Debug Cod
Page 536 and 537: derived data types 515 breakpoint d
Page 538 and 539: file I/O operations 517 enumerated
Page 540 and 541: functions 519 formatted I/O operati
Page 542 and 543: functions 521 I/O, 473-478 fclose(
Page 544 and 545: grep utility 523 strncat( ), 471 st
Page 546 and 547: int data type 525 programs Calculat
Page 548 and 549: macros 527 llround( ) function, 486
Page 550 and 551: OOP 529 multiple source files, comp
Page 552 and 553: prime numbers 531 character string
Page 554 and 555: programs 533 bitwise operators, Ill
Page 556 and 557: eferencing defined values 535 synta
Page 558 and 559: statements 537 search methods binar
Page 560 and 561: summing array elements 539 string_l
Page 562 and 563: variable-length character strings 5
Page 564: Xcode 543 Introducing the while Sta
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