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sites, encrypted e-mail, digital signatures, common access cards, electronic funds transfers, secure socket layer connections and other transactions that rely on current encryption methods, vulnerable to exploitation. Supporting technologies needed to develop quantum computers such as quantum manufacturing, electro-optics, single-photon detectors, and quantum display interfaces will have significant impact on military operations. This research needs to continue to maintain the U.S. and its allies’ asymmetric advantages in any conflict in 2025 and beyond. Recommendations: 1) The USAF must give the same priority to cyberspace as it gave to achieving air superiority. Investments in information processing have the highest return. 2) Though technically challenging and some way off, development of quantum computing will pay huge dividends and may well be war preventing as well as war winning. Future Air Force Operations in Cyberspace John F. Schrader, LTC, U.S. Army The United States Air Force is poised to make another of the technological and strategic leaps that have marked its short and storied history. The emergence of cyberspace as a recognized domain is the latest in a series of technology-based mission sets dating back to the beginning of air power. This paper proposes that by examining the three historical cases of strategic bombing, intercontinental nuclear forces, and space and precision strike in terms of ideas, technology, doctrine, and effect, it is possible to identify relevant lessons and warnings as the Air Force navigates its way into the cyberspace domain.
The ideas of 1920 that generated the strategic bombing of 1945 did not have the technology in place to make them a reality. The ability to see past the limitations of “what is now possible ” and see into what “ could be ” enabled the Air Force to push technology development and drive institutional thinking to create the platforms needed to turn the idea into reality. The synchronization of idea and technology established and refined the doctrine which enabled the Air Force to provide singular sovereign options to the national leadership. The creation of strategic nuclear forces was likewise the natural extension of strategic bombing. By pushing technology to develop the missiles and bombers required for a global strategy the Air Force maintained a qualitative edge that enabled several iterations of doctrine from deterrence, to preemption, to mutually assured destruction. Finally, the ability to operate in, through, and from space harnessed technology and enabled operations establishing space as a co-equal domain with air, land, and sea. The mastery of orbital operations further enabled the development of precision guided munitions. The ability to put a small bomb on target anywhere in the world is a uniquely American way of waging war and is one of the unique contributions of the Air Force. Recommendations: 1) The Air Force should continue to aggressively press ahead with organizing for operations in cyberspace. As national policy evolves and the other services begin to stake out their roles and missions, the momentum generated by the Secretary and the Chief will pay off in the form of acknowledged leadership of the effort and come with executive agency and some degree of control over budgets and strategy. 2) While the Air Force is well positioned to take on the leadership of the cyberspace domain through a combination of historical experience and forward thinking leadership,
Page 2 and 3: TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ……
Page 4: Splitting the Atom on the Way to th
Page 9 and 10: Findings Warfare is changing in fun
Page 11 and 12: programs to meet the changing envir
Page 13 and 14: particles, photons moving at the sp
Page 15 and 16: General Recommendations 1. The USAF
Page 17 and 18: to coping with emerging technologie
Page 19 and 20: Conclusion The Horizon 21 study was
Page 21 and 22: The initial study was comprised of
Page 23 and 24: After completion of the research pa
Page 25: Supercomputers will be able to “t
Page 29 and 30: that this concept be continually te
Page 31 and 32: for to be either immersive OR inter
Page 33 and 34: vulnerabilities to the cyber domain
Page 35 and 36: networks. 4) The Air Force should a
Page 37 and 38: the past, such as the industrial re
Page 39 and 40: environment like “Virtual Flag”
Page 41 and 42: toward ever-smaller sensor and sens
Page 43 and 44: and electronics and computing. This
Page 45 and 46: gains to offset reduction in size.
Page 47 and 48: 2 The petroleum fuel alternative mu
Page 49 and 50: hostile to the U.S., thus computati
Page 51 and 52: differentiation of stem cells into
Page 53 and 54: Recommendations: 1) The direct ener
Page 55 and 56: and overwhelms the decision-making
Page 57 and 58: importance of lasers in sustaining
Page 59 and 60: ensure it remains ahead of potentia
Page 61 and 62: launch less-capable satellites rout
Page 63 and 64: term partnering incentive industry
Page 65 and 66: shortcomings imposed by the atmosph
Page 67 and 68: 2) Once the Air Force fields SAS, i
Page 69 and 70: equires maturation of a several tec
Page 71 and 72: as the DoD Executive Agent for Spac
Page 73 and 74: provide dynamic and vertically-inte
Page 75 and 76: Joel “Spicoli” Luker, Major, US
Page 77 and 78:
four areas: biotechnology, nanotech
Page 79 and 80:
weapons for time-sensitive targets.
Page 81 and 82:
increase situational awareness for
Page 83 and 84:
merged RFID, GPS (Global Positionin
Page 85 and 86:
gap and enable ubiquitous, fast-res
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