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to overhaul aging sensors, network sensors to enable data sharing and dissemination timeliness, and improve the tactics, techniques, and procedures required to integrate space surveillance into command and control operations at the Joint Space Operations Center. Regardless, AFSPC is projecting a shortfall in our ability to characterize objects in deep space and in SSA at the end of the mid-term planning cycle in 2020. This research paper recommends a few strategy refinements and a key technology investment necessary to erase these shortfalls. The strategy refinements include: seeking out more contributing sensors, establishing a layered network to free up dedicated sensors to monitor high interest objects and respond to events, using all means to erase the “lost” object list, switching some SSA missions from persistent to routine for the sake of reducing cost and complexity, and using the network as a teammate (rather than just a data provider) capable of sharing in the decision-making. This paper recommends investment in artificial cognition technology and improving the pertinence of such investment by creating a decision support team to “train” the computer at the Maui High Power Computing Center. Investment in artificial intelligence is pertinent to many other mission areas including cruise missile defense, defensive counter space, responsive logistics, integrated battlefield ISR, and defensive counter air. The bottom line is that due to information overload and reduced battlefield timelines, each mission area must look for the right mix of artificial and human cognition to be prepared for the battlefield of 2025. Recommendations: 1) To reduce the size of the catalog of lost space objects, establish a reward system for private sector actors who locate lost spacecraft. Also,
launch less-capable satellites routinely on rideshares to characterize deep space highinterest objects and drifting satellites nearing end of their life in geosynchronous orbit. 2) To enable responsiveness, acquire more sensors and dedicated assets to enable focusing attention on high-interest objects and ensuring robust coverage of high-interest areas, enabling our ability to respond to multiple events. 3) Increase the number of sensors, creating a layered SSA approach, which brings all contributing space systems and sensors onto a single network to enable data sharing and timely information dissemination. 4) Invest in artificial cognition to automate many SSA functions to respond to the increasing complexity and to operate at the speeds required by 2020. Persistent Space Situational Awareness: Distributed Real-Time Awareness Global Network in Space (DRAGNETS) Dustin “Zig” Ziegler, Major, USAF U.S. dependence on space brings with it an inherent vulnerability and a compelling need for robust Space Situational Awareness (SSA). Over the next 20 years, nanotechnologies will enable a shift toward distributed networks of very small satellites to maintain continual cognizance of the space environment. The Distributed Real-time Awareness Global Network in Space (DRAGNETS) concept leverages this trend using constellations of thousands of sugar cube-sized “femtosats” instead of the current paradigm of large, specialized, one- or few-of-a-kind systems. The recent explosions in nanotechnology research and projections for even greater future growth have laid the foundation for the substantial miniaturization that will be required. Advances in sensors, propulsion, processing, power, and other key satellite subsystems will enable the Air Force to package SSA capabilities on the femtosats, allowing DRAGNETS to perform the mission globally on a continuous basis.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ……
Page 4:
Splitting the Atom on the Way to th
Page 9 and 10: Findings Warfare is changing in fun
Page 11 and 12: programs to meet the changing envir
Page 13 and 14: particles, photons moving at the sp
Page 15 and 16: General Recommendations 1. The USAF
Page 17 and 18: to coping with emerging technologie
Page 19 and 20: Conclusion The Horizon 21 study was
Page 21 and 22: The initial study was comprised of
Page 23 and 24: After completion of the research pa
Page 25 and 26: Supercomputers will be able to “t
Page 27 and 28: The ideas of 1920 that generated th
Page 29 and 30: that this concept be continually te
Page 31 and 32: for to be either immersive OR inter
Page 33 and 34: vulnerabilities to the cyber domain
Page 35 and 36: networks. 4) The Air Force should a
Page 37 and 38: the past, such as the industrial re
Page 39 and 40: environment like “Virtual Flag”
Page 41 and 42: toward ever-smaller sensor and sens
Page 43 and 44: and electronics and computing. This
Page 45 and 46: gains to offset reduction in size.
Page 47 and 48: 2 The petroleum fuel alternative mu
Page 49 and 50: hostile to the U.S., thus computati
Page 51 and 52: differentiation of stem cells into
Page 53 and 54: Recommendations: 1) The direct ener
Page 55 and 56: and overwhelms the decision-making
Page 57 and 58: importance of lasers in sustaining
Page 59: ensure it remains ahead of potentia
Page 63 and 64: term partnering incentive industry
Page 65 and 66: shortcomings imposed by the atmosph
Page 67 and 68: 2) Once the Air Force fields SAS, i
Page 69 and 70: equires maturation of a several tec
Page 71 and 72: as the DoD Executive Agent for Spac
Page 73 and 74: provide dynamic and vertically-inte
Page 75 and 76: Joel “Spicoli” Luker, Major, US
Page 77 and 78: four areas: biotechnology, nanotech
Page 79 and 80: weapons for time-sensitive targets.
Page 81 and 82: increase situational awareness for
Page 83 and 84: merged RFID, GPS (Global Positionin
Page 85 and 86: gap and enable ubiquitous, fast-res
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