IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA, and NEW ZEALAND

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TABLE I.-Optimum Landsat 1, 2, and 3 images of the glaciers of Irian Jaya [Five optimum Landsat 4 MSS images are also included in the table to provide better coverage of the glacierized areas of Irian Jaya. These images were found by the authors, but it is possible that better, more recent imagery of the area is available. In the "Code" column, a filled-in circle means an ex cellent image (0 to 10 to< 100 percent cloud cover)] Path-Row 108-63 108-63 110-63 110-63 101-63 101-63 103-63 103-63 103-63 Nominal scene center (la t. -long.) 004° 20'S. 140° 03'E. 004° 20'S. 140° 03'E. 004° 20'S. 137° ll'E. 004° 20'S. 137° ll'E. 004° 20'S. 139° 58'E. 004° 20'S. 139° 58'E. 004° 20'S. 136° 53'E. 004° 20'S. 136° 53'E. 004° 20'S. 136° 53'E. Landsat identi fication number 22113-00073 22401-00035 1643-00253 30716-00153 40248-00191 40536-00182 40054-00292 40198-00313 40246-00313 Solar Date elevation angle Code (in degrees) Landsat 1-3 04 Nov 80 51 19 Aug 81 48 27 Apr 74 50 19 Feb 80 51 Landsat 4 21 Mar 83 55 03 Jan 84 51 08 Sep 82 53 30 Jan 83 53 19 Mar 83 54 H12 SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD 3 3 3 3 3 3 Cloud cover Remarks (in percent) 60 Covers Puncak Mandala glacier area, but cloud in immediate glacier region; color composite available; archived by Australian Landsat Station 0 As above but largely cloud free around glacier; color composite available; archived by Australian Landsat Station 0 Covers Puncak Jaya and Ngga Pilimsit glacier areas; color composite available 90 As above; mostly high, thin cloud except along the main range; glacier partly obscured; color composite and partial scenes available; archived by Australian Landsat Station 50 Covers Puncak Mandala glacier area; glacier region partly cloud free; archived by Australian Landsat Station 80 As above but more cloud in glacier region; archived by Australian Landsat Station 0 Covers Puncak Jaya and Ngga Pilimsit regions; glaciers cloud free; archived by Australian Landsat Station 50 Covers Puncak Jaya and Ngga Pilimsit; scattered cloud in glacier region; archived by Australian Landsat Station 20 As above but less cloud in glacier region (only on the southern side of main range); ar chived by Australian Landsat Station
Observation and Mapping of the Glaciers Shown on Landsat Images Puncak Jaya and Ngga Pilimsit The Landsat scene (1643-00253, band 7; 27 April 1974; Path 110, Row 63), which includes the Puncak Jaya glaciers, is shown at 1:1,000,000 scale in figure 8. The major ice fields appear just above the center of the scene, with the small ice field on Ngga Pilimsit about 12 km west of these. The glaciers are discernible on all MSS bands but are most clearly delineated on the near-infrared MSS bands 6 and 7. On MSS bands 4 and 5 it is difficult to distinguish the ice from unvegetated limestone, which also has a high reflectivity. This is particularly noticeable around Ngga Pilimsit, even on MSS band 7 (fig. 8). The Ngga Pilimsit ice body consists of a small ice cap, several hundred meters in diameter, on the summit, plus a similar-sized glacier on a ledge below and to the southwest of the summit (fig. 9). Only the lower ice field can be distinguished from the surroundings on MSS band 7 (fig. 8), although there is a slight variation in the gray scale between the summit ice and the surroundings on MSS band 6 (fig. 10). A Landsat MSS false-color composite (bands 4, 5, and 7) of this scene has been examined, but, in general, it shows less than separate examina tion of the individual bands. The MSS band 7 image best displays the area surrounding the ice fields. The glaciers are at an elevation of more than 4,300 m astride the crestal ridges of this part of the central range of New Guinea. To the south the elevation decreases abruptly within a distance of 40 km to the lowland swamps, which extend to the Arafura Sea 50 km farther south. The southern face of the range is carved by gullies of the predominantly north-south drainage system. To the north the land surface falls more gradually, and high grassy plateaus, more than 3,000 m in elevation, extend east-west immediately north of the divide. Large morainal ridges can be seen immediately north of the ice fields of the Puncak Jaya region shown in figure 8, extending up to 5 km onto the Kemabu Plateau. These remnants of the youngest Pleistocene glaciation (Wisconsinan, or Wurm) can be mapped directly from the Landsat image and show a distribution very similar to that given on the CGE l:250,000-scale map sheet cited previously. Minor differences be tween the two maps are largely due to discrepancies in the base map for the CGE sheet. Similarly, a plot from the Landsat image of the promi nent lakes on the plateau, and the river courses, shows minor discrepan cies in the l:l,000,000-scale Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Opera tional Navigation Chart of the region (ONC M-13, edition 4, 1973). The present-day ice-covered areas are shown in more detail in figure 10. MSS band 6 provides the clearest delineation of the ice, although we have also made extensive use of the MSS band 7 image. Even the Southwall Hanging Glaciers, less than 100 m in the north-south dimen sion, are clearly shown on the image. GLACIERS OF IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA H13
Page 1 and 2: Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers o
Page 3 and 4: GLACIERS OF IRIAN JAVA, INDONESIA,
Page 5 and 6: Foreword On 23 July 1972, the first
Page 7 and 8: About this Volume U.S. Geological S
Page 9 and 10: Glaciers of Irian Jaya, Indonesia,
Page 11 and 12: SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS O
Page 13 and 14: Van de Water, which descend from th
Page 15 and 16: Southwall Hanging Glaciers Carstens
Page 17 and 18: Figure 4. Mosaic of U.S. Army Air F
Page 19 and 20: Figure 6.- Oblique aerial photograp
Page 21: 130°E 135°E 140°E Figure 7. Inde
Page 25 and 26: Figure 9. Oblique aerial photograph
Page 27 and 28: Along the northern edge of the east
Page 29 and 30: Changes in the Puncak Jaya Glaciers
Page 31 and 32: Glaciers of Irian Jaya, Indonesia,
Page 33 and 34: SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS O
Page 35 and 36: 166°E 40 S 42 S 44°S 46 "S 48 S N
Page 37 and 38: 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 1 GL
Page 39 and 40: Figure 6. Measured variations in th
Page 41 and 42: ® \ 100 200 300 METERS \ \\ \ I \
Page 43 and 44: maps and plans of the Mount Cook an
Page 45 and 46: Figure 8. Map of New Zealand showin
Page 47 and 48: Figure 9. Oblique aerial photograph
Page 49 and 50: Figure 11.-Landsat 3 RBV image (303
Page 51 and 52: 1988 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 0- 19
Page 53 and 54: IE168-30 El 69-001 E169-38I El 78-8
Page 55 and 56: position indicates a negative glaci

IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA, and NEW ZEALAND

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