IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA, and NEW ZEALAND

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Imaging of Glaciers Aerial Photography The first known sequences of vertical aerial photographs in New Zealand were taken around 1937 and 1938 by New Zealand Aerial Map ping, Ltd., but these were mainly of lowland areas. A set of vertical aerial photographs was taken over the Franz Josef, Fox, Tasman, and Hooker Glaciers in 1953, followed by a most useful set of oblique aerial photographs taken by the Royal New Zealand Air Force along both sides of the Southern Alps in autumn 1955. These surveys were made just prior to the first of the systematic vertical aerial photographic flights made over the Southern Alps as part of a nationwide aerial photo- grammetric mapping program. By the end of the 1960's all of the glacierized areas were photographed, and many areas have been re- photographed since. Satellite Imagery All of New Zealand's glacierized areas are included in existing Landsat images, but not all of the images are usable for glacial observations (fig. 8). The two requisites for an optimum usable image are no cloud cover and an image acquired at the time of minimum snow cover (late summer). Many of the better images of the glacierized areas have glacial features obscured by seasonal snow. The coding for each of the nominal scene centers shown on figure 8 refers primarily to the amount of cloud cover over the glacierized regions. Table 1 provides additional informa tion on each image, including remarks about amount of snow cover. Table 1 lists the known usable images of the New Zealand glaciers. Many additional images exist, but these are generally unacceptable be cause of excessive cloud cover or because of snow cover on winter scenes. Unfortunately, the Landsat satellite paths and image rows do not coincide well with the configuration of the glacierized areas. This results in images of the more important glacerized regions appearing at the margins of the images. The best available image of the Mount Cook area is the larger scale (1:500,000) Landsat 3RBV image (30324-21342, subscene A), corresponding to the northwest quadrant of Path 79, Row 91, but this image lacks relief detail in the snowfields (Ferrigno and Williams, 1983). Landsat images are more appropriate for the larger glaciers, because the spatial resolution of the image is inadequate for identifying details of small glaciers less than about 1 or 2 km2 in area. On a l:l,000,000-scale Landsat MSS image 1 km equals 1 mm, so a 1-km2 glacier would measure 1 mm2 on the image. Even on a 1:500,000-scale Landsat 3 RBV image, a 1-km2 glacier would only be 4 mm2 . Unfortunately the rapid changes in small, steep, and very active glaciers, such as the one shown in figure 9, are difficult to monitor by satellite imagery. On some small glaciers the snowline has recently risen beyond the upper limits of the glacier, thereby leaving the entire glacier in the ablation zone (fig. 10). H36 SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD
Figure 8. Map of New Zealand showing availability of Landsat images of glaciers. 35°S 40°S 45°S 170°E 175°E 0 100 200 300 / 400 KILOMETERS I I I ' EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS Evaluation of image usability for glaciologic, geologic, and cartographic applications. Symbols defined as follows: 3 (3 A B C W D O Excellent image (0 to 5 to 10 to < 100 percent cloud cover) Unusable image (100 percent cloud cover) Usable Landsat 3 return beam vidicon (RBV) scenes A, B, C, D refer to usable RBV subscenes Nominal scene center for a Landsat image outside the area of glaciers Approximate size of area encompassed by nominal Landsat MSS image. Landsat 3 RBV subscenes en compass slightly more than one overlapping quad rant (A, NW; B, NE; C, SW; D, SE) of an MSS nomi nal scene. GLACIERS OF NEW ZEALAND H37
Page 1 and 2: Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers o
Page 3 and 4: GLACIERS OF IRIAN JAVA, INDONESIA,
Page 5 and 6: Foreword On 23 July 1972, the first
Page 7 and 8: About this Volume U.S. Geological S
Page 9 and 10: Glaciers of Irian Jaya, Indonesia,
Page 11 and 12: SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS O
Page 13 and 14: Van de Water, which descend from th
Page 15 and 16: Southwall Hanging Glaciers Carstens
Page 17 and 18: Figure 4. Mosaic of U.S. Army Air F
Page 19 and 20: Figure 6.- Oblique aerial photograp
Page 21 and 22: 130°E 135°E 140°E Figure 7. Inde
Page 23 and 24: Observation and Mapping of the Glac
Page 25 and 26: Figure 9. Oblique aerial photograph
Page 27 and 28: Along the northern edge of the east
Page 29 and 30: Changes in the Puncak Jaya Glaciers
Page 31 and 32: Glaciers of Irian Jaya, Indonesia,
Page 33 and 34: SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS O
Page 35 and 36: 166°E 40 S 42 S 44°S 46 "S 48 S N
Page 37 and 38: 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 1 GL
Page 39 and 40: Figure 6. Measured variations in th
Page 41 and 42: ® \ 100 200 300 METERS \ \\ \ I \
Page 43: maps and plans of the Mount Cook an
Page 47 and 48: Figure 9. Oblique aerial photograph
Page 49 and 50: Figure 11.-Landsat 3 RBV image (303
Page 51 and 52: 1988 1980 1970 1960 1950 1940 0- 19
Page 53 and 54: IE168-30 El 69-001 E169-38I El 78-8
Page 55 and 56: position indicates a negative glaci

IRIAN JAYA, INDONESIA, and NEW ZEALAND

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?