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Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010 43. What is Secure Sockets Layers (SSL)? Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is the most widely used technology for providing a secure communication between the web client and the web server. Most of us are familiar with many sites such as Gmail, Yahoo etc. using https protocol in their login pages. When we see this, we may wonder what’s the difference between http and https. In simple words HTTP protocol is used for standard communication between the Web server and the client. HTTPS is used for a SECURE communication. What exactly is Secure Communication? Suppose there exists two communication parties A (client) and B (server). Working of HTTP When A sends a message to B, the message is sent as a plain text in an unencrypted manner. This is acceptable in normal situations where the messages exchanged are not confidential. But imagine a situation where A sends a PASSWORD to B. In this case, the password is also sent as a plain text. This has a serious security problem because, if an intruder (hacker) can gain unauthorized access to the ongoing communication between A and B, he can see the PASSWORDS since they remain unencrypted. This scenario is illustrated using the following figure. Now lets see the working of HTTPS When A sends a PASSWORD (say "mypass") to B, the message is sent in an encrypted format. The encrypted message is decrypted on B’s side. So even if the Hacker gains an unauthorized access to the ongoing communication between A and B he gets only the encrypted password ("xz54p6kd") and not the original password. This is shown below. w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v Page 216
Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010 How is HTTPS implemented? HTTPS is implemented using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). A website can implement HTTPS by purchasing an SSL Certificate. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) technology protects a Web site and makes it easy for the Web site visitors to trust it. It has the following uses 1. An SSL Certificate enables encryption of sensitive information during online transactions. 2. Each SSL Certificate contains unique, authenticated information about the certificate owner. 3. A Certificate Authority verifies the identity of the certificate owner when it is issued. How Encryption Works? Each SSL Certificate consists of a Public key and a Private Key. The public key is used to encrypt the information and the private key is used to decrypt it. When your browser connects to a secure domain, the server sends a Public key to the browser to perform the encryption. The public key is made available to every one but the private key (used for decryption) is kept secret. So during a secure communication, the browser encrypts the message using the public key and sends it to the server. The message is decrypted on the server side using the Private Key (Secret key). How to identify a Secure Connection? In Internet Explorer, you will see a lock icon side of the Address bar. You can click the lock to view the identity of the website. in the Security Status bar. The Security Status bar is located on the right In high-security browsers, the authenticated organization name is prominently displayed and the address bar turns GREEN when an Extended Validation SSL Certificate is detected. If the information does not match or the certificate has expired, the browser displays an error message or warning and the status bar may turn RED. So the bottom line is, whenever you perform an on-line transaction such as Credit card payment, Bank login or Email login always ensure that you have a secure communication. A secure communication is a must in these situations. Otherwise there are chances of Phishing using a Fake login Page. How secure is the encryption used by SSL? It would take significantly longer than the age of the universe to crack a 128-bit key. SSL uses public-key encryption to exchange a session key between the client and server; this session key is used to encrypt the http transaction (both request and response). Each transaction uses a different session key so that even if w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v Page 217
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