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Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010 • WAP (Wireless Access Point): Wireless Access Point is the point from where the Wireless network are generated. Like the Wireless Routers or Switches. •SSID (Service Set Identifier): An SSID is the name of a wireless local area network (WLAN). All wireless devices on a WLAN must employ the same SSID in order to communicate with each other. SSID is also known as ESSID (Extended Service Set Identifier). • BSSID (Basic Service Set Identifier): A BSSID is the MAC Address (Media Access Control) or Physical Address of the Wireless Access Point or the Wireles Router. This is a unique 48 bit key provided by the manufacturer of the device. It can be in the form of Hexadecimal i.e. 0-9 , A-F. E.g. 00:A1:CB:12:54:9F • For checking your card’s MAC Address: Start > Run > CMD Write “getmac” in Command Prompt. • Beacons: These are the Wireless Packets which are broadcasted to maintain the connectivity with the Wireless Access Point and Client systems. The Wireless Access point broadcasts beacon frames from time to time to check connectivity with the systems. • Channel: It is the frequency at with the Wireless Signal travels through air. • Data Packets: These are the packets which sent and received for the transfer of data between Wireless Access Point and Client systems. All the data communicated between two Computers travels in the form of Data Packets. • Data Packets: These are the packets which sent and received for the transfer of data between Wireless Access Point and Client systems. All the data communicated between two Computers travels in the form of Data Packets. w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v Page 66
Hacking For Beginners – Manthan Desai 2010 Services provided by Wireless Networks • Association: It establishes wireless links between wireless clients and access points in infrastructure networks. • Re-association: This action takes place in addition to association when a wireless client moves from one Basic Service Set (BSS) to another, such as in Roaming. • Authentication: This process proves a client’s identity through the use of the 802.11 option, Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP). In WEP, a shared key is configured into the access point and its wireless clients. Only those devices with a valid shared key will be allowed to be associated with the access point. •Privacy: In the 802.11 standard, data are transferred in the clear by default. If confidentiality is desired, the WEP option encrypts data before it is sent wirelessly. The WEP algorithm of the 802.11 Wireless LAN Standard uses a secret key that is shared between a mobile station (for example, a laptop with a wireless Ethernet card) and a base station access point to protect the confidentiality of information being transmitted on the LAN. Standard Wireless Security Solution Wireless Security policies are developed or enhanced to accommodate the wireless environment. Primary issues will be ownership and control of the wireless network, controlling access to the network, physically securing access points, encrypting, auditing, and the procedures for detecting and handling rogue access points or networks. User security awareness policies should be implemented. SSID Solution Wireless equipment manufacturers use a default Service Set ID (SSID) in order to identify the network to wireless clients. All access points often broadcast the SSID in order to provide clients with a list of networks to be accessed. Unfortunately, this serves to let potential intruders identify the network they wish to attack. If the SSID is set to the default manufacturer setting it often means that the additional configuration settings (such as passwords) are at their defaults as well. Good security policy is to disable SSID broadcasting entirely. If a network listing is a requirement for network users then changing the SSID to something other than the default, that does not identify the company or location, is a must. Be sure to change all other default settings as well to reduce the risk of a successful attack. w w w . h a c k i n g t e c h . c o . t v Page 67
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