Beginning Drupal 8

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Appendix A ■ Installing Drupal Setting Up your Platform in Preparation for Drupal Before you install Drupal, you need three basic components in place: the platform itself (hardware and operating system), a web server (the software, such as Apache), and a database server (such as MySQL). If you are building your site on a commercial hosting company’s platform, you can skip to the “Installing Drupal” section, as everything you need is typically installed by default. Depending on the operating system on your platform, you may already have a few of the required components installed (for example, OS X comes with Apache and PHP already installed). However, getting all of the components to work together may be more of a challenge than most people want to undertake. Fortunately, a group of very talented people at www.apachefriends.org created an “all-in-one” software package called XAMPP (XAMPP stands for Apache, MySQL, PHP, and Python) that is very simple for even the least technical person to install and configure. There is an XAMPP distribution for Windows, OS X, Linux, and Solaris. The components included in XAMPP that are critical for Drupal are 268 • Apache: The web server software package that handles requests for content residing on your server and returns the results to whoever made the requests. • MySQL: The relational database where Drupal stores all of its content. • PHP & PEAR: PHP, the programming language used by the developers who created and maintain Drupal, and PEAR (PHP Extension and Application Repository), a structured library of open-source code for PHP developers. • PHPMyAdmin: An invaluable tool for creating and managing databases, tables, and data stored in your MySQL database. There are detailed instructions for installing XAMPP on each of the supported platforms on the www.apachefriends.org website. There are alternatives to XAMPP, such as MAMP for OS X. For a list of alternatives, conduct a Google search for “Apache AND MySQL AND PHP stacks.” Installing Drupal Now that you have the underlying server components installed, you are ready to install Drupal. There are eight basic steps associated with installing Drupal on your server, regardless of whether you are running your Drupal site on a Windows, OS X, Linux, or shared-hosting-based server. 1. Download the current Drupal 8 installation package from http://drupal.org/ project/drupal to your computer. 2. Decompress the Drupal installation tar.gz or zip file. 3. Move the files from within the expanded installation file to your web server’s root directory, or to a subdirectory if you wish to run more than one site on your server (e.g., www-root/drupal8 or htdocs/drupal8). 4. Create the settings.php file. 5. Create the files directory. 6. Create the database that you will be using for your new Drupal website. 7. Create the database user account. 8. Launch the Drupal installation script and configure your site. These steps are described in more detail in the sections that follow.
Downloading Drupal Appendix A ■ Installing Drupal Downloading Drupal is a simple matter of visiting www.drupal.org/project/drupal and picking the latest version and language (such as English or French) of Drupal to download from the homepage. Drupal version numbers change over time, but it is safe to pick the latest version listed on the homepage as the version to download, install, and configure. Alternatively, and significantly easier, is to download Drupal via Drush. Please see Chapter 15 for details. To download Drupal, simply right-click the version and format that you wish to install. The compressed file (tar.gz or zip) will automatically download to your computer into the folder you have configured for receiving downloads from the Internet. Decompressing the Drupal Installation Package The file downloaded from Drupal.org is a compressed file that has all of the directories and files required to set up and run Drupal 8 on your server. You will need to decompress the tar.gz or zip file into its individual elements, either by double-clicking the file (this works on OS X and Linux) or by opening the file in a decompression utility. Double-clicking the file will result in a folder being created on your computer with all of the directories and files expanded to their original, pre-compressed state. ■■Note Depending on your operating system and your setting for your operating system’s file manager, you may or may not see the .htaccess file, as it is classified as a “hidden” file in Linux and OS X. This is a critical file and must be moved in the next step. If you do not see the .htaccess file, please update your file browser’s settings to allow you to see hidden files before proceeding to the next step. Other operating systems may have similar files, such as web.config on IIS. Moving the Drupal Distribution to the Root Directory of Your Web Server The next step is to move the contents of the Drupal folder that you just decompressed in the previous step, to the “root” directory of your web server. If you are using XAMPP, the “root” directory is the folder marked as htdocs in the directory where XAMPP is installed. If you are installing Drupal on a hosted platform, the root directory will be that specified by your hosting company (for example, the hosting company that I use names the root directory public_html). You should check with your hosting company if you are unsure where to put your Drupal files. With all of the files in place, you’re ready to take the next step. Creating the settings.php File Drupal uses a file named settings.php to store configuration parameters for your site, such as the name of the database and the userID and password used to access that database. Drupal ships with a default settings.php file that we will use as the starting point for our site’s settings.php file. Navigate to the sites/default directory in the location where you copied the Drupal directories and files to in the previous step. In that directory you will find a default.settings.php file. Copy that file and rename the copied version to settings.php. 269
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Beginning Drupal 8 Todd Tomlinson
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■ Contents at a Glance ■Chapter
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■ Contents Authoring Information
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■ Contents ■Chapter ■ 8: Drup
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■ Contents ■Chapter ■ 13: Mul
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■ Contents Updating the Article C
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■ Contents Moving the Drupal Dist
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About the Technical Reviewer Clive
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Introduction In its relatively shor
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Chapter 1 ■ Introduction to Drupa
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Chapter 2 Creating and Managing Con
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Chapter 2 ■ Creating and Managing
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Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Use
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Chapter 4 ■ Taxonomy “individua
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Chapter 4 ■ Taxonomy Figure 4-3.
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Chapter 4 ■ Taxonomy Clicking the
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Chapter 8 ■ Drupal Blocks Figure
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Chapter 8 ■ Drupal Blocks Using B
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Chapter 9 ■ Views Figure 9-1. Ver
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Chapter 10 ■ Creating Pages We ca
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Chapter 11 Drupal Modules Drupal is
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Configuring Modules and Setting Per
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Chapter 12 Anatomy of a Module Alth
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Chapter 14 Administering Your Drupa
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Chapter 15 Using Drush This chapter
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Drush Commands Chapter 15 ■ Using
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Chapter 16 ■ Using Git Installing
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Chapter 16 ■ Using Git Git recogn
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Chapter 16 ■ Using Git This will
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Chapter 17 Putting It All Together
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Chapter 17 ■ Putting It All Toget
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Chapter 17 ■ Putting It All Toget
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Summary Chapter 17 ■ Putting It A
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