THE FUTURE OF THE ARMY

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<strong>FUTURE</strong> CHALLENGES HOMELAND DEFENSE AND DSCA “…An evaluation and identification of a structure for the Army that…ensures that the regular and reserve components of the Army have the capacity needed to support current and anticipated homeland defense and disaster assistance missions in the United States…” The Army’s top priority is the defense of the homeland. The United States is not immune to acts of war or terrorism in its territory, and each contingency plan must consider simultaneous demands for military capability in the homeland. 2015 NDAA, Section 1703(a)(2)(A)(iii) The Commission was directed to consider the Army capacity needed to support current and anticipated homeland defense and disaster assistance missions in the United States. The responses to such demands are captured in anticipated homeland defense (HD) and defense support of civil authorities (DSCA) requirements. The Commission found the Army’s overall capabilities and capacity to be adequate for assigned missions. The homeland is a unique and challenging theater of operation where Army forces must achieve unity of effort through the employment of both state and federal forces and authorities. The Army National Guard provides capabilities to states with interstate Emergency Management Assistance Compacts facilitating the sharing of assets and resources across state borders in an emergency or disaster. In the event of a large, complex catastrophe in the homeland, the Total Force would provide the majority of Department of Defense capabilities and support. Such operations also are likely to involve organizations from the local, state, and federal levels. The need for integrated and well-coordinated contingency planning, training, and exercises is clear. The Commission observed one such exercise, Vigilant Guard, in Minnesota. Army National Guard forces from multiple states participated in the exercise, which included a Joint task force led by a Dual Status Commander (with state and federal authority), federal forces commanded by a U.S. Army North Task Force, state and federal elements from the Chemical, Biological Radiological and Nuclear Response Enterprise, and multiple civilian immediate-response entities from several counties in Minnesota and other states. The Army is the only Service that provides U.S. Northern Command a full-time, threestar Service component command solely focused on the homeland mission, Army North. In the event of a largescale operation, Army North will employ support and Nuclear Disablement Team members of the 20th Support Command in Aiken, South Carolina, participate in a scenario-based exercise at Savannah River Site. sustainment units and mission command elements from all Army components to support U.S. Northern Command. The Commission found, through extensive discussions with and feedback from Governors, state Adjutants General, DoD officials, the U.S. Northern Command Commander, and the U.S. Army North Commander, that the Army‘s capabilities and capacity for disaster response and homeland defense have improved and are adequate at this time. However, potential reductions in Army forces raised many concerns. The Commission shares this concern, as the Army must continue to embrace its requirement to be prepared to conduct a large, no-notice response in the homeland with trained and ready forces. U.S. Army photo by Jessica Maxwell 30 National Commission on the Future of the Army
<strong>FUTURE</strong> CHALLENGES Iran poses a multitude of potential challenges to the United States. First, its nuclear ambitions to date have created significant concerns for the United States, Israel, and other U.S. allies and partners in the Middle East. The recent nuclear agreement reached between the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and Iran could provide for greater conventional military and nuclear stability in the region if Iran abides by its terms. However, should Tehran develop nuclear weapons, or appear to be on the verge of doing so, broader nuclear proliferation—potentially including Saudi Arabia—would be a strong possibility and would significantly complicate U.S. goals in the region. Second, the continuation of Iran’s longstanding support for terrorism threatens the United States and its allies and partners. Iran’s own Revolutionary Guard Corps and Quds Force are already undertaking actions that threaten U.S. allies in the region, both Israel and Arab partners. Iran also provides the main means of support to non-state terrorist organizations such as Hezbollah, which likewise threaten Israel “No matter how clearly one thinks, it is impossible to anticipate precisely the character of future conflict. The key is not to be so far off the mark that it becomes impossible to adjust once that character is revealed.” — Sir Michael Howard quotes in the Ministry of Defence: Strategic Trends Programme Future Character of Conflict, 2 U.S. Army photo by Spc. Steven K. Young Members of the 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne) and Junglas from the Colombian National Police train TIGRES (“Policia”) commandos in Honduras to conduct operations against narcotraffiking targets. National Commission on the Future of the Army 31
Page 1: NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE O
Page 4 and 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY “Not later than
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Developing One Ar
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Page 13 and 14: WHY THE NATION NEEDS AN ARMY CIVILI
Page 15 and 16: WHY THE NATION NEEDS AN ARMY Figure
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Page 19 and 20: National Commission on the Future o
Page 21 and 22: THE COMMISSION’S MISSION AND METH
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Page 35: FUTURE CHALLENGES Figure 7 ARMY IN
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Page 49 and 50: FISCAL CHALLENGES if the Army is to
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Page 53 and 54: “The Commission shall…make reco
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Photo by Capt. Jesse Paulsboe “Th
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APACHE TRANSFERS AND RELATED ISSUES
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National Commission on the Future o
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ARMY NATIONAL GUARD ALLOCATION Figu
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ARMY NATIONAL GUARD ALLOCATION Nati
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ARMY NATIONAL GUARD ALLOCATION proc
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ARMY NATIONAL GUARD ALLOCATION the
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APPENDIX A: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CO
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APPENDIX A: ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CO
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APPENDIX B: RECOMMENDATIONS BY RESP
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APPENDIX C: OFFSITE AGREEMENT Natio
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APPENDIX D: ARMY BUDGET AND END STR
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APPENDIX D: ARMY BUDGET AND END STR
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APPENDIX F: GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AA
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APPENDIX F: GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS PD
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APPENDIX G: TESTIMONIES AND COMMENT
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APPENDIX H: COMMISSIONERS AND STAFF
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APPENDIX I: SUBCOMMITTEES OPERATION
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APPENDIX I: SUBCOMMITTEES FORCE GEN
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APPENDIX I: SUBCOMMITTEES DRAFTING
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APPENDIX J: SOURCES CONSULTED Defen
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APPENDIX J: SOURCES CONSULTED U.S.
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APPENDIX J: SOURCES CONSULTED U.S.
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THE FUTURE OF THE ARMY

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