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OUR FATHER, HELL AND HEAVEN : M. M. NINAN _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Trench, Synonyms, § vii.; McClellan, New Testament, vol. i., margin references on Matt. as above; Bartlett, Life and Death Eternal. Note G.; C. F. Hudson, Debt and Grace, p. 188ff; Schmidt, chapter 167,2f. Vocabulary of the Greek NT For κόλασις = ";punishment,"; cf. Syll 680.13 (Rom.) καὶ πρὸς τὴν κόλασιν ἀγέτωσαν τοὺς αἰτίους οἱ [ἄρχ ]οντες. In 1 John 4:18 the idea of ";deprivation,"; a kind of poena damni (see above s.v. κολάζω), is decidedly helpful : fear checks development, and is the antithesis of τελείωσις which love works. For κόλασις, with reference to the next world as in Matthew 25:46, cf. the fragment of an uncanonical gospel P Oxy V. 840.6 οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς ζωοῖς μόνοις ἀπολαμβάνουσιν οἱ κακοῦργοι τῶν ἀν (θρώπ)ων ἀλλὰ [κ ]αὶ κόλασιν ὑπομένουσιν καὶ πολ [λ ]ὴν βάσανον, ";for the evil-doers among men receive their reward not among the living only, but also await punishment and much torment"; (Edd.). In the Apoc. of Peter τόπος κολάσεως = ";hell,"; and in MGr κόλασις is used alone in the same sense. Occurrences in the GNT Inflection κόλασιν Lemma κόλασις Uncontracted Form(s) κολασ(ι)·ν Parsing (fem) acc sg Translation(s) divine retribution (acc) Verse(s) Mt 25:46, 1Jn 4:18 Inflections: 1 Total occurrences: 2 Occurrences in the LXX Inflection Lemma Uncontracted Form(s) Parsing Translation(s) Verse(s) κολάσεσιν κόλασις κολασ(ι)·σι(ν) (fem) dat pl Penalize (dat) 4Mc 8:9 κολάσεων κόλασις κολασ(ι)·ων (fem) gen pl Penalize (gen) Wsd 11:13 κολάσεως κόλασις κολασ(ι)·ος (fem) gen sg divine retribution (gen) 3Mc 7:10, Wsd 16:2 κόλασιν κόλασις κολασ(ι)·ν (fem) acc sg divine retribution (acc) 2Mc 4:38, 3Mc 1:3, Wsd 16:24, Wsd 1 9:4, Jer 18:20, Ez 14:3, Ez 14:4, Ez 1 4:7, Ez 18:30, Ez 43:11, Ez 44:12 Inflections: 4; Total occurrences: 15 Related Words κολάζω κόλασις, -εως, ἡ to debauchery (v.) the main idea is to curtail. It can mean correction, punishment, or harsh pruning or weeding. divine retribution (n.) chastisement, correction, Hp.Praec.5, Pl.Ap.26a, al., Th.1.41; opp. τιμωρία, Arist.Rh.1369b13; of divine retribution, Ev.Matt.25.46 chastisement, discipline, penalize, fine 51
OUR FATHER, HELL AND HEAVEN : M. M. NINAN _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Here's Prof William Barclay: From The Apostles' Creed by William Barclay. "The word for punishment is kolasis. The word was originally a gardening word, and its original meaning was pruning trees. In Greek there are two words for punishment, timoria and kolasis, and there is a quite definite distinction between them. Aristotle defines the difference; kolasis is for the sake of the one who suffers it; timoria is for the sake of the one who inflicts it. Plato says that no one punishes (kolazei) simply because he has done wrong - that would be to take unreasonable vengeance (timoreitai). We punish (kolazei) a wrong-doer in order that he may not do wrong again (Protagoras 323 E). Clement of Alexandria (Stromateis 4.24; 7.16) defines kolasis as pure discipline, and timoria as the return of evil for evil. Aulus Gellius says that kolasis is given that a man may be corrected; timoria is given that dignity and authority may be vindicated (The Attic Nights7.14). The difference is quite clear in Greek and it is always observed. Timoria is retributive punishment. Kolasis is always given to amend and to cure." Response: It is true that KOLASIS is derived etymologically from KOLAZÔ. It is also true that in Classic Greek, KOLAZÔ means "to prune, to cut off." However, there are several problems with asserting that KOLASIS should be properly translated "cutting off" because of its relationship with KOLAZÔ. First, determining the meaning of a word by its derivation is an example of the "etymological fallacy." D.A. Carson states that presuming that a word's meaning is bound up with its root or roots is "linguistic nonsense" (Carson, Fallacies, p. 28). Words may or may not share semantic range with their etymological forebears. In many cases, they do not. The fact that all modern lexicons define KOLASIS as "punishment" and not one lists "cutting off" as a possible definition, suggests that it does not mean "cutting off," regardless of what KOLAZÔ may mean. While KOLAZÔ may have originally had the meaning "cut off," it was commonly used in late Classical Greek and in Koine Greek to mean "punish, chastise, restrain." A quick check of the modern lexicons will confirm this fact: "To cut short," "to lop," "to trim," and figuratively a. "to impede," "restrain," and b. "to punish" ... A common use is for divine chastisement....The NT uses kolazw in Acts 4:18 and 2 Peter 2:9. Only the latter refers to God's punishment (TDNT) Punish (BAGD) - This lex icon lists doz ens of ex amples from literature contemporary with the NT and lists "punish" as the only meaning for kolaz w in this time period. Evidently this is a forced interpretation to justify the person's assumption. Young's Concise Commentary: In the note to 2 Pet. 2:9 it says: "has known to free reverent ones out of trial, and to keep unjustness being punished (lit. cut off, mutilated, restrained) with a view to a day of judgment." A Critical Lexicon and Concordance to the English and Greek New Testament by E.W. Bullinger "kolazw - To prune, retrench: ... metaph. ... confine: then to chastise, correct, punish." 52
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Hell

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