Revelation

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THE BOOK OF REVELATION: M. M. NINAN THE SECOND SEAL SECOND RIDER ON RED HORSE WAR Rev 6:3 When He broke the second seal, I heard the second living creature saying, “Come.” 4 And another, a red horse, went out; and to him who sat on it, it was granted to take peace from the earth, and that men would slay one another; and a great sword was given to him. The rider of the second horse is often taken to represent War or mass slaughter. His horse's color is red (πυρρός, from πῦρ, fire). In some translations, the color is specifically a "fiery" red. This color, as well as the rider's possession of a great sword, suggests blood that is to be spilled. This vision corresponds with Christ's prophecy of the end time recorded in Matthew 24: "And you will hear of wars and rumors of wars. 136
THE BOOK OF REVELATION: M. M. NINAN See that you are not troubled; for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet. For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom" (Matthew 24:6-7). Egypt was among the first to develop the art of war as an organized endeavor. Egypt was the first to perfect the art of archery and its use in war along with chariots. It was the Assyrians who developed and perfected many military techniques. The sword was first introduced as an instrument of war by the Assyrians. “The Egyptian chariot was a mobile firing platform for well-trained archers…The Assyrians developed chariot warfare to its greatest sophistication in Western Asia, with light chariots for archers and heavier chariots carrying as many as four spearmen.” The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History The oldest sword-like weapons are found at Arslantepe, Turkey, and date to around 3300 BC. However, it is generally considered that these are longer daggers, and not the first ancestors of swords. Sword blades longer than 60 cm (24 in) were rare and not practical until the late Bronze Age because the tensile strength of bronze is relatively low, and consequently longer blades would bend easily. It was not until the development of stronger alloys such as steel, and improved heat treatment processes that longswords became practical for combat. Iron became increasingly common from the 13th century BC, mainly due to the Bronze Age. The iron was not quench-hardened although often containing sufficient carbon, but workhardened like bronze by hammering. This made them comparable or only slightly better in terms of strength and hardness to bronze swords. By the time of Classical Antiquity and the Parthian and Sassanid Empires in Iran, iron swords were common. Swords from the Parthian and Sassanian Empires were quite long, the blades on some late Sassanian swords being just under a metre long. In <strong>Revelation</strong> the best symbolism for war was the sword, since the guns and arial warfare techniques along with atomic warfare would not have been understood at that time. Hence we should assume that the second horseman was indeed the symbol of war and its destruction on earth. The aggression one nation over another formed another mode of slavery that took the freedom of man. From 1900 to 1946 alone the world experienced more than 120 armed conflicts—over two per year. Between 1946 and 2001 there were 225 wars—over four per year. In his book Out of Control: Global Turmoil on the Eve of the Twenty-first Century, former national security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski estimated that 87.5 million people lost their lives from war between 1900 and 1999. (This included about 33.5 million military deaths and 54 million civilian deaths.) “Above those directly killed in warfare, Brzezinski estimates no fewer than 167 million more people died as a result of war-related oppression in just the twentieth century. Together, these numbers are “the approximate equivalent of the total population of France, Italy, and Great Britain; or over two-thirds of the total current population of the United States…This is more than the total killed in all previous wars, civil conflicts, and religious persecutions throughout human history.” 137
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M. M. NINAN
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M. M. NINAN CONTENTS CHAPTER I PROL
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THE BOOK OF REVELATION: M. M. NINAN
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Prof. Madathilparampil Mammen Ninan
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Life, Legacy and the Theology of Dr
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Revelation

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