Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume One A -L Robert E. Buswell

More documents

Recommendations

Info

L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS Alexander Gardner University of Michigan Lama Om mani padme hum Suzanne Gay Oberlin College Provincial Temple System (Kokubunji, Rishoto) Rupert Gethin University of Bristol, United Kingdom Cosmology Heavens Realms of Existence Daniel A. Getz Bradley University Precepts Pure Land Buddhism Sentient Beings Robert M. Gimello Harvard University Bodhi (Awakening) Satori (Awakening) Hank Glassman Haverford College Sexuality Roger Goepper Cologne Museum, Germany Alchi Himalayas, Buddhist Art in Luis O. Gómez University of Michigan Amitabha Bodhicitta (Thought of Awakening) Desire Faith Meditation Nirvana Psychology Pure Lands Allan G. Grapard University of California, Santa Barbara Dokyo Space, Sacred Paul Groner University of Virginia Mahayana Precepts in Japan William H. Grosnick La Salle University Tathagatagarbha Natalie D. Gummer Beloit College Suvarnaprabhasottama-sutra Women Anne Hansen University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Cambodia Khmer, Buddhist Literature in Helen Hardacre Harvard University Laity Paul Harrison University of Canterbury, New Zealand An Shigao Buddhanusmrti (Recollection of the Buddha) Canon Mahasam ghika School Pratyutpannasamadhi-sutra Jens-Uwe Hartmann University of Munich, Germany A gama/Nikaya Languages Richard P. Hayes University of New Mexico Language, Buddhist Philosophy of Maria Heim California State University, Long Beach Dana (Giving) Evil Steven Heine Florida International University Oxherding Pictures James W. Heisig Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture, Nanzan University, Japan Christianity and Buddhism John Clifford Holt Bowdoin College Refuges Sri Lanka Ding-hwa Hsieh Truman State University Awakening of Faith (Dasheng qixin lun) Taixu Zonggao Chi-chiang Huang Hobart and William Smith Colleges Dharmadhatu Śiksananda Ŭich’ŏn Jamie Hubbard Smith College Critical Buddhism (Hihan Bukkyo) Sanjie Jiao (Three Stages School) Usury Nobumi Iyanaga Tokyo, Japan Tachikawaryu Roger R. Jackson Carleton College Candraklrti Karuna (Compassion) Prajña (Wisdom) Śunyata (Emptiness) Upaya Richard M. Jaffe Duke University Clerical Marriage in Japan Inoue Enryo Meiji Buddhist Reform Murakami Sensho Suzuki, D. T. Charles B. Jones The Catholic University of America Taiwan John Jorgensen Griffith University, Australia Chan School Hakuin Ekaku Leslie S. Kawamura University of Calgary Bodhisattva(s) Paramita (Perfection) Hee-Sung Keel Sogang University, South Korea Korea John P. Keenan Middlebury College Asaṅga Richard K. Kent Franklin and Marshall College Arhat Images George A. Keyworth University of Colorado Confucianism and Buddhism Juefan (Huihong) Poetry and Buddhism E NCYCLOPEDIA OF B UDDHISM xxi
Page 2: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BUDDHISM
Page 6: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BUDDHISM Volume One
Page 10: CONTENTS Preface. .................
Page 14: PREFACE Buddhism is one of the thre
Page 18: P REFACE for rendering Asian langua
Page 22: LIST OF ARTICLES Abhidharma Collett
Page 26: L IST OF A RTICLES Devadatta Max De
Page 30: L IST OF A RTICLES Laos Justin McDa
Page 34: L IST OF A RTICLES Sautrantika Coll
Page 38: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Ryuichi Abé C
Page 44: L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS Peter Khoroc
Page 48: L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS Jewels Relic
Page 52: This page intentionally left blank
Page 56: S YNOPTIC O UTLINE OF E NTRIES Juef
Page 60: S YNOPTIC O UTLINE OF E NTRIES Japa
Page 64: S YNOPTIC O UTLINE OF E NTRIES Chin
Page 68: S YNOPTIC O UTLINE OF E NTRIES Sutr
Page 76: \ T HE S PREAD OF B UDDHISM IN THE
Page 84: A BHIDHARMA authority of abhidharma
Page 88: A BHIDHARMA repositories of several
Page 92:
A BHIDHARMA perduring, unchanging,
Page 96:
A BHIJN A (HIGHER K NOWLEDGES) 3.
Page 100:
A GAMA/NIKA YA Buddhists have adopt
Page 104:
A JAN T A schools. However, very li
Page 108:
A MBEDKAR, B. R. sculpture at its b
Page 112:
A NAGA RIKA D HARMAPA LA carried fo
Page 116:
A NA THAPIN D ADA ANA THAPIN D ADA
Page 120:
A NCESTORS Murti, T. R. V. The Cent
Page 124:
A NCESTORS A Zen (Chan school) prie
Page 128:
A N S HIGAO Bibliography Conze, Edw
Page 132:
A POCRYPHA accepted in a state-comm
Page 136:
A RHAT efficacy would restore order
Page 140:
A RHAT I MAGES See also: Arhat Imag
Page 144:
A RYAŚU RA A RYAŚU RA A ryaśura
Page 148:
A Ś OKA See also: Diet; Robes and
Page 152:
A VADA NA of Buddhism (snga dar) in
Page 156:
A VADA NAŚATAKA AVADA NAŚATAKA Th
Page 160:
This page intentionally left blank
Page 164:
B AYON Bibliography Baker, P. H. B.
Page 168:
B IOGRAPHIES OF E MINENT M ONKS (GA
Page 172:
B IOGRAPHY sara, donated land to es
Page 176:
B KA’ BRGYUD (KAGYU) brgyud to de
Page 180:
B ODHI (AWAKENING) extant remains a
Page 184:
B ODHI (AWAKENING) must be kept in
Page 188:
B ODHICITTA (THOUGHT OF A WAKENING)
Page 192:
B ODHICITTA (THOUGHT OF A WAKENING)
Page 196:
B ODHISATTVA( S ) as the Bodhidharm
Page 200:
B ODHISATTVA I MAGES as Yinshou pus
Page 204:
B ODHISATTVA I MAGES China as the g
Page 208:
B ODY, PERSPECTIVES ON THE body, In
Page 212:
B ON a means of political protest.
Page 216:
B OROBUDUR See also: Tibet Bibliogr
Page 220:
B SAM YAS D EBATE The philosophical
Page 224:
B UDDHA( S ) Konakamana (Pali, Kona
Page 228:
B UDDHA( S ) Sukhavatlvyu ha) descr
Page 232:
B UDDHAHOOD AND B UDDHA B ODIES BUD
Page 236:
B UDDHAHOOD AND B UDDHA B ODIES ete
Page 240:
B UDDHA I MAGES head, which came to
Page 244:
B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE to China. Hong
Page 248:
B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE reached Rsipat
Page 252:
B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE MARA, the evil
Page 256:
B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE, IN A RT Hirak
Page 260:
B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE, IN A RT famil
Page 264:
B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE, IN A RT enlig
Page 268:
B UDDHIST S TUDIES buddhavacana in
Page 272:
B UDDHIST S TUDIES have given to do
Page 276:
B UDDHIST S TUDIES Ruegg and Lamber
Page 280:
B UDDHIST S TUDIES traditions of Ch
Page 284:
B URMESE, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN B
Page 288:
B U STON (BU TÖN) Bu ston was a co
Page 292:
C AMBODIA KINGSHIP and society onto
Page 296:
C AMBODIA and the shift in iconogra
Page 300:
C AMBODIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN identif
Page 304:
C ANON on content and its realizati
Page 308:
C ANON eventually included Chinese
Page 312:
C ATALOGUES OF S CRIPTURES CATALOGU
Page 316:
C AVE S ANCTUARIES Some of the earl
Page 320:
C ELIBACY CELIBACY. See Sexuality C
Page 324:
C ENTRAL A SIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN th
Page 328:
C ENTRAL A SIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN A
Page 332:
C HAN A RT Bodhidharma, putative fi
Page 336:
C HAN A RT artistic practice as wel
Page 340:
C HAN S CHOOL Foulk, T. Griffith, a
Page 344:
C HAN S CHOOL radical, iconoclastic
Page 348:
C HAN S CHOOL of Mazu Daoyi, and a
Page 352:
C HAN S CHOOL a Linji lineage, Rinz
Page 356:
C HANTING AND L ITURGY A monk beats
Page 360:
C HINA introduction of (at first) a
Page 364:
C HINA (1644-1911)—can be taken t
Page 368:
C HINA together by shared ideals an
Page 372:
C HINA, BUDDHIST A RT IN temple art
Page 376:
C HINA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Northern L
Page 380:
C HINA, BUDDHIST A RT IN beloved la
Page 384:
C HINA, BUDDHIST A RT IN to the con
Page 388:
C HINESE, BUDDHIST I NFLUENCES ON V
Page 392:
C HINESE, BUDDHIST I NFLUENCES ON V
Page 396:
C HOGYE S CHOOL Huayan Jing), by Li
Page 400:
C HRISTIANITY AND B UDDHISM During
Page 404:
C OLONIALISM AND B UDDHISM temple w
Page 408:
C OLONIALISM AND B UDDHISM reconfig
Page 412:
C OMMENTARIAL L ITERATURE COMMENTAR
Page 416:
C OMMENTARIAL L ITERATURE reasons f
Page 420:
C OMMUNISM AND B UDDHISM Chinese vi
Page 424:
C OMPASSION Schwartz, Ronald D. “
Page 428:
C ONFUCIANISM AND B UDDHISM Han Yu
Page 432:
C ONSCIOUSNESS, THEORIES OF system
Page 436:
C ONSECRATION Hattori, Masaaki, ed.
Page 440:
C ONSECRATION painted on the image
Page 444:
C ONVERSION CONVERSION In most time
Page 448:
C OSMOLOGY completely concentrated
Page 452:
C OSMOLOGY (and not so commonly) ex
Page 456:
C OUNCILS, BUDDHIST a small group o
Page 460:
Page 464:
D A KINI Kraft, Kenneth L. Eloquent
Page 468:
D ALAI L AMA replacing the post of
Page 472:
D A NA ( GIVING) Bibliography Bell,
Page 476:
D AOISM AND B UDDHISM new understan
Page 480:
D AOISM AND B UDDHISM occurring ben
Page 484:
D AOXUAN advocated a gradual path o
Page 488:
D EATH identity continues is a key
Page 492:
D EATH and his enlightened follower
Page 496:
D EATH prominent role in sanctifyin
Page 500:
D ECLINE OF THE D HARMA across Cult
Page 504:
D ECLINE OF THE D HARMA employed in
Page 508:
D EVADATTA Attempts to understand a
Page 512:
D HAMMAPADA reincarnation, Dge ‘d
Page 516:
D HARMA AND D HARMAS religious beli
Page 520:
D HARMA AND D HARMAS contains the v
Page 524:
D HARMA AND D HARMAS 3. Volition (c
Page 528:
D HARMADHA TU delineating the numbe
Page 532:
D HYA NA ( TRANCE STATE) Buddhism i
Page 536:
D IET A scroll printed in 868 C.E.,
Page 540:
D IGNA GA DIGNA GA An Indian propon
Page 544:
D ISCIPLES OF THE B UDDHA out for B
Page 548:
D IVINITIES continues to cause trou
Page 552:
D O KYO Monastery on Mount Tiantong
Page 556:
D REAMS creates such tremendous pre
Page 560:
D UNHUANG Holding on to each of the
Page 564:
Page 568:
E CONOMICS variety is difference, a
Page 572:
E CONOMICS them more visible. This
Page 576:
E IGHTFOLD P ATH misunderstood or w
Page 580:
E NTERTAINMENT AND P ERFORMANCE the
Page 584:
E SOTERIC A RT, EAST A SIA storytel
Page 588:
E SOTERIC A RT, EAST A SIA esoteric
Page 592:
E SOTERIC A RT, EAST A SIA found a
Page 596:
E SOTERIC A RT, SOUTH AND S OUTHEAS
Page 600:
E SOTERIC A RT, SOUTH AND S OUTHEAS
Page 604:
E THICS separate distinct paths—a
Page 608:
E THICS Shengyan, and the Taiwanese
Page 612:
E UROPE “dharma years,” that is
Page 616:
E UROPE TABLE 1 Estimated Buddhists
Page 620:
E VIL Mara, the Evil One, attacks t
Page 624:
E XOTERIC-ESOTERIC (KENMITSU) BUDDH
Page 628:
E XOTERIC-ESOTERIC (KENMITSU) BUDDH
Page 632:
Page 636:
F AITH adhimutti or adhimokkha). Th
Page 640:
F AMILY, BUDDHISM AND THE inside a
Page 644:
F ASTING sometime during the middle
Page 648:
F AZANG rebutted those attacks in h
Page 652:
F ESTIVALS AND C ALENDRICAL R ITUAL
Page 656:
F ILIALITY relationships. In Japan,
Page 660:
F OLK R ELIGION, CHINA Schopen, Gre
Page 664:
F OLK R ELIGION, JAPAN divination,
Page 668:
F OLK R ELIGION, SOUTHEAST A SIA th
Page 672:
F OUR N OBLE T RUTHS seek his own e
Page 676:
F OUR N OBLE T RUTHS fourteenth-cen
Page 680:
G A NDHA RI , BUDDHIST L ITERATURE
Page 684:
G ELUK his hands touched the sun an
Page 688:
G ENDER positions in the cosmos tha
Page 692:
G ENDER Perhaps the most striking a
Page 696:
G HOST F ESTIVAL Japanese Americans
Page 700:
G UANYIN police that world, which e
Page 704:
Page 708:
H AN Y ONGUN modern Rinzai lineages
Page 712:
H ELLS it is better to aspire to be
Page 716:
H ELLS, IMAGES OF Matsunaga, Daigan
Page 720:
H ERMENEUTICS Boiling Cauldron Hell
Page 724:
H IMALAYAS, BUDDHIST A RT IN HIMALA
Page 728:
H IMALAYAS, BUDDHIST A RT IN scroll
Page 732:
H IMALAYAS, BUDDHIST A RT IN Centra
Page 736:
H I NAYA NA Bernier, Ronald M. The
Page 740:
H INDUISM AND B UDDHISM The Hindu d
Page 744:
H ISTORY nun. Early and late Buddhi
Page 748:
H ISTORY crisis where traditional a
Page 752:
H O NEN McRae, John. “Encounter D
Page 756:
H UAYAN A RT developed. Most popula
Page 760:
H UAYAN JING is especially evident
Page 764:
H UAYAN S CHOOL the scripture’s t
Page 768:
H UAYAN S CHOOL monumental commenta
Page 772:
H UAYAN S CHOOL major doctrines of
Page 776:
H UIYUAN center of Hongren (601-674
Page 780:
H YUJŎNG Doctrine), and Simbŏp yo
Page 784:
I MPERMANENCE and may have fathered
Page 788:
I NDIA monks became increasingly di
Page 792:
I NDIA increased the number of nika
Page 796:
I NDIA Tibetans light butter lamps
Page 800:
I NDIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Masefield,
Page 804:
I NDIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Pillars an
Page 808:
I NDIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Buddha Pre
Page 812:
I NDIA, NORTHWEST the thirteenth ce
Page 816:
I NDIA, NORTHWEST Central Asia in t
Page 820:
I NDONESIA AND THE M ALAY P ENINSUL
Page 824:
I NDONESIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN center
Page 828:
I NDRA inscriptions describing the
Page 832:
I NITIATION gods to hold the ceremo
Page 836:
I NTERMEDIATE S TATES In this monum
Page 840:
I PPEN C HISHIN Cuevas, Bryan J.
Page 844:
I SLAM AND B UDDHISM Bibliography B
Page 848:
J APAN to one medieval writer of th
Page 852:
J APAN Still, whether or not they c
Page 856:
J APAN Throughout the eighth centur
Page 860:
J APAN The famous Zen garden at the
Page 864:
J APAN, BUDDHIST A RT IN Important
Page 868:
J APAN, BUDDHIST A RT IN This statu
Page 872:
J APANESE, BUDDHIST I NFLUENCES ON
Page 876:
J APANESE R OYAL F AMILY AND B UDDH
Page 880:
J A TAKA (1053-1129) established ma
Page 884:
J A TAKAMA LA individual jatakas ar
Page 888:
J IUN O NKO JIUN ONKO Jiun Onko (Ji
Page 892:
J UEFAN (HUIHONG) Groves [of Chan])
Page 896:
K A LACAKRA Kailaśa (Mount Kailash
Page 900:
K A LACAKRA name of Islam, Sultan M
Page 904:
K AMAKURA B UDDHISM, JAPAN those pr
Page 908:
K AMAKURA B UDDHISM, JAPAN practice
Page 912:
K ARMA ( ACTION) The surviving sour
Page 916:
K ARMA PA The seventeenth Karma pa,
Page 920:
K ARUN A (COMPASSION) compassion is
Page 924:
K HMER, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN “
Page 928:
K INGSHIP Muller, A. Charles. The S
Page 932:
K O AN (seminal heart) traditions h
Page 936:
K O AN a Song-dynasty Chan school t
Page 940:
K OREA Buddhist themes, compiled du
Page 944:
K OREA found his hermeneutical key
Page 948:
K OREA Lanterns on the river during
Page 952:
K OREA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Buddhist m
Page 956:
K OREA, BUDDHIST A RT IN green, and
Page 960:
K OREAN, BUDDHIST I NFLUENCES ON V
Page 964:
K UMA RAJI VA See also: Exoteric-Es
Page 968:
Page 972:
L AITY Laypersons dip lotus flowers
Page 976:
L AITY to reciting Amitabha’s nam
Page 980:
L ALITAVISTARA LALITAVISTARA The La
Page 984:
L ANGUAGES Two important claims abo
Page 988:
L ANGUAGES Central Asia. A most int
Page 992:
L A ṄKA VATA RA- SU TRA Hinüber,
Page 996:
L AOS After almost a century of war
Page 1000:
L AW AND B UDDHISM in Sri Lanka, Bu
Page 1004:
L INEAGE a concrete meaning as clan
Page 1008:
L INEAGE with similar aims, to legi
Page 1012:
L OCAL D IVINITIES AND B UDDHISM so
Page 1016:
L OCAL D IVINITIES AND B UDDHISM de
Page 1020:
L OGIC many such thinkers were engr
Page 1024:
L OTUS S U TRA (SADDHARMAPUN D ARI
Page 1028:
Page 1032:
Page 1036:
Page 1040:
EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR IN CHIEF Rob
Page 1044:
Encyclopedia of Buddhism Robert E.
Page 1048:
M ADHYAMAKA S CHOOL into emptiness
Page 1052:
M ADHYAMAKA S CHOOL support the Mad
Page 1056:
M ADHYAMAKA S CHOOL Madhyamaka in T
Page 1060:
M AHA BODHI T EMPLE The tradition o
Page 1064:
M AHA MUDRA dedicating their merit
Page 1068:
M AHA SA M GHIKA S CHOOL everything
Page 1072:
M AHA YA NA MAHA YA NA There are, i
Page 1076:
M AHA YA NA goal in one form or ano
Page 1080:
M AHA YA NA Indian forms was partic
Page 1084:
M AHA YA NA record: If adherents of
Page 1088:
M AHA YA NA P RECEPTS IN J APAN in
Page 1092:
M AINSTREAM B UDDHIST S CHOOLS appe
Page 1096:
M AINSTREAM B UDDHIST S CHOOLS The
Page 1100:
M AINSTREAM B UDDHIST S CHOOLS for
Page 1104:
M AN D ALA the more popular AMITABH
Page 1108:
M AN D ALA Mandala of the Diamond W
Page 1112:
M ANTRA illustrating these complica
Page 1116:
M ARTIAL A RTS pass his dharma line
Page 1120:
M ARTIAL A RTS his feet bears close
Page 1124:
M A TR CET A considered an invented
Page 1128:
M EDITATION Zysk, Kenneth G. “Bud
Page 1132:
M EDITATION A monk meditates at a s
Page 1136:
M EDITATION anusmrti (recollection)
Page 1140:
M EDITATION Second, one cannot esca
Page 1144:
M EDITATION traditions of mental cu
Page 1148:
M EIJI B UDDHIST R EFORM their will
Page 1152:
M ERIT AND M ERIT-MAKING MERIT AND
Page 1156:
M IJIAO (ESOTERIC) SCHOOL joyed in
Page 1160:
M I LA RAS PA (MILAREPA) MI LA RAS
Page 1164:
M ILLENARIANISM AND M ILLENARIAN M
Page 1168:
M IND decades later, the themes of
Page 1172:
M IRACLES buddha, Śakyamuni was be
Page 1176:
M IZUKO K UYO See also: Buddhahood
Page 1180:
M ODERNITY AND B UDDHISM Young monk
Page 1184:
M OHE ZHIGUAN interstitial groups,
Page 1188:
M ONASTIC A RCHITECTURE monastic li
Page 1192:
M ONASTIC A RCHITECTURE The Mogao C
Page 1196:
M ONASTIC A RCHITECTURE (668-935),
Page 1200:
M ONASTICISM monastery construction
Page 1204:
M ONASTICISM Thicksay Monastery, Le
Page 1208:
M ONASTIC M ILITIAS Relationship be
Page 1212:
M ONGOLIA dhist practice, thereby t
Page 1216:
M ONGOLIA The monastery of Erdeni Z
Page 1220:
M ONKS fasting, sleep deprivation,
Page 1224:
M OZHAO C HAN (SILENT I LLUMINATION
Page 1228:
M U DRA AND V ISUAL I MAGERY monk d
Page 1232:
M U LASARVA STIVA DA is frequently
Page 1236:
M YANMAR example, AMITABHA (Amida)
Page 1240:
M YANMAR have formed the core curri
Page 1244:
M YANMAR, BUDDHIST A RT IN life der
Page 1248:
M YANMAR, BUDDHIST A RT IN number o
Page 1252:
N ARA B UDDHISM the final truth. In
Page 1256:
N ATIONALISM AND B UDDHISM NATIONAL
Page 1260:
N ATIONALISM AND B UDDHISM governme
Page 1264:
N EO-CONFUCIANISM the Buddha or kee
Page 1268:
N EPAL traditions and loyalty of mo
Page 1272:
N EPAL, BUDDHIST A RT IN Bibliograp
Page 1276:
N ICHIREN of devotional songs that
Page 1280:
N ICHIREN S CHOOL A Nichiren priest
Page 1284:
N ICHIREN S CHOOL (3) The kaidan, o
Page 1288:
N IRODHA Buswell, Robert E., Jr. Tr
Page 1292:
N IRVA N A word means not only that
Page 1296:
N IRVA N A liberation in nirvana. B
Page 1300:
N O -SELF core nature of each indiv
Page 1304:
N UNS Nuns of Jamyang Choling Insti
Page 1308:
N UNS Bibliography Arai, Paula. Wom
Page 1312:
Page 1316:
O RDINATION Verhagen, P. C. “The
Page 1320:
O RDINATION assembly three times to
Page 1324:
O RIGINAL E NLIGHTENMENT (HONGAKU)
Page 1328:
O RIGINAL E NLIGHTENMENT (HONGAKU)
Page 1332:
O XHERDING P ICTURES final outcome.
Page 1336:
P ADMASAMBHAVA Padmasambhava, who p
Page 1340:
P A LI, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN tra
Page 1344:
P A LI, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN onl
Page 1348:
P ARAMA RTHA from prison in Februar
Page 1352:
P ARISH (DANKA, TERAUKE) SYSTEM IN
Page 1356:
P ARITTA AND R AKS A T EXTS Bibliog
Page 1360:
P ATH walked on this same “ancien
Page 1364:
P ATH of wholesome karmic seeds. Ta
Page 1368:
P ATIENCE Mahathera Henepola Gunara
Page 1372:
P ERSECUTIONS traditional Indian dr
Page 1376:
P ERSECUTIONS to separate the worsh
Page 1380:
P ERSECUTIONS instituting tighter c
Page 1384:
P HILOSOPHY understand themselves t
Page 1388:
P HOENIX H ALL ( AT THE B YO DO IN)
Page 1392:
P ILGRIMAGE Husband-and-wife pilgri
Page 1396:
P ILGRIMAGE Tibetan Buddhist pilgri
Page 1400:
P OETRY AND B UDDHISM McRae, John R
Page 1404:
P OLITICS AND B UDDHISM of a great
Page 1408:
P OLITICS AND B UDDHISM Tibetan mon
Page 1412:
P ORTRAITURE surrounded by smaller
Page 1416:
P RAJN A (WISDOM) The Potala palac
Page 1420:
P RAJN A PA RAMITA L ITERATURE tra
Page 1424:
P RA TIMOKS A Diverse schools of vi
Page 1428:
P RATYEKABUDDHA Instead, they are d
Page 1432:
P RAYER supplication). Buddhist pra
Page 1436:
P RECEPTS From another perspective,
Page 1440:
P RINTING T ECHNOLOGIES A monk hold
Page 1444:
P ROVINCIAL T EMPLE S YSTEM (KOKUBU
Page 1448:
P SYCHOLOGY Thus, generally speakin
Page 1452:
P SYCHOLOGY properties on the cloth
Page 1456:
P SYCHOLOGY contemporary reader may
Page 1460:
P SYCHOLOGY of controlling the body
Page 1464:
P SYCHOLOGY and explanation, which
Page 1468:
P SYCHOLOGY Firestone, Robert W.; F
Page 1472:
P UDGALAVA DA Sharf, Robert H. “B
Page 1476:
P URE L AND A RT end of a kalpa, fi
Page 1480:
P URE L AND A RT FIGURE 1 Pure land
Page 1484:
P URE L AND B UDDHISM Bibliography
Page 1488:
P URE L AND B UDDHISM jing, therefo
Page 1492:
P URE L AND B UDDHISM The focus upo
Page 1496:
P URE L ANDS heavenly glory is the
Page 1500:
P URE L AND S CHOOLS the pure land,
Page 1504:
P URE L AND S CHOOLS (538-597) inco
Page 1508:
Page 1512:
R EBIRTH There is an old tradition
Page 1516:
R EFUGES In Japanese Buddhism, post
Page 1520:
R ELICS A ND R ELICS C ULTS A monk
Page 1524:
R ELICS A ND R ELICS C ULTS The Bud
Page 1528:
R ENNYO 600-664) brought 150 relic
Page 1532:
R EPENTANCE AND C ONFESSION and har
Page 1536:
R ITUAL subtle fetters (sam yojana)
Page 1540:
R ITUAL O BJECTS Bell, Catherine. R
Page 1544:
R ITUAL O BJECTS Monks rotate praye
Page 1548:
R NYING MA (NYINGMA) Tibetan histor
Page 1552:
R OBES AND C LOTHING made up of two
Page 1556:
R OBES AND C LOTHING patch together
Page 1560:
Page 1564:
S AMGUK YUSA (MEMORABILIA OF THE T
Page 1568:
S AṄGHA In the Śatavahana period
Page 1572:
S AṄGHA admission to the order an
Page 1576:
S ANJIE J IAO (THREE S TAGES S CHOO
Page 1580:
S ANSKRIT, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN
Page 1584:
S ANSKRIT, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN
Page 1588:
S ARVA STIVA DA AND M U LASARVA STI
Page 1592:
S A SKYA P AN D ITA (SAKYA P AN D I
Page 1596:
ŚA STRA Stearns, Cyrus. Luminous L
Page 1600:
S CRIPTURE as it is a collection of
Page 1604:
S ELF scriptural study is found amo
Page 1608:
S ENTIENT B EINGS Sengzhao made mul
Page 1612:
S EXUALITY distracted by the sight
Page 1616:
S HINGON B UDDHISM, JAPAN This is e
Page 1620:
S HINRAN Bibliography Abé, Ryuichi
Page 1624:
S HINTO (HONJI S UIJAKU) AND B UDDH
Page 1628:
S HINTO (HONJI S UIJAKU) AND B UDDH
Page 1632:
S HO TOKU, PRINCE ( TAISHI) have be
Page 1636:
S HWEDAGON (seated, walking, or oth
Page 1640:
S ILK R OAD Silk Road 0 50 100 mi.
Page 1644:
S INHALA, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN (
Page 1648:
S LAVERY SLAVERY The definition of
Page 1652:
S Ŏ N S CHOOL scarves. The interna
Page 1656:
S OUTHEAST A SIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN
Page 1660:
S OUTHEAST A SIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN
Page 1664:
S PACE, SACRED Gosling, Betty. Sukh
Page 1668:
S PACE, SACRED (sutra-burial mounds
Page 1672:
S PACE, SACRED part of Honshu Islan
Page 1676:
S PACE, SACRED Outer Shrine dedicat
Page 1680:
S RI L ANKA The Mahavam sa asserts
Page 1684:
S RI L ANKA A young novice monk bat
Page 1688:
S RI L ANKA, BUDDHIST A RT IN templ
Page 1692:
S RI L ANKA, BUDDHIST A RT IN A rec
Page 1696:
S TU PA be a perfect circle, was in
Page 1700:
S TU PA Reliefs depicting events fr
Page 1704:
S UFFERING Hallade, Madeleine, Gand
Page 1708:
S U TRA Other Mahayanists analyzed
Page 1712:
S UVARN APRABHA SOTTAMA- SU TRA ill
Page 1716:
S YNCRETIC S ECTS: THREE T EACHINGS
Page 1720:
T AIWAN A row of golden Buddha stat
Page 1724:
T AIWAN A ceremony at Fo Kuang Shan
Page 1728:
T ANTRA the performance of one’s
Page 1732:
T ANTRA Connecting the ganglia are
Page 1736:
T ANTRA initially treated with susp
Page 1740:
T AOISM Bibliography Abé Ryuichi.
Page 1744:
T EMPLE Grosnick, William H. “Non
Page 1748:
T HAILAND Payutto published the fir
Page 1752:
T HAILAND kings helped settle saṅ
Page 1756:
T HAILAND A Thai Buddhist lays an o
Page 1760:
T HERAVA DA Phutathat (Buddhadasa B
Page 1764:
T HERAVA DA original Pali from Sing
Page 1768:
T HERAVA DA refuges and precepts to
Page 1772:
T HERAVA DA A RT AND A RCHITECTURE
Page 1776:
T HICH N HAT H ANH Images are belie
Page 1780:
T IANTAI S CHOOL Confronted with th
Page 1784:
T IANTAI S CHOOL emptiness, which i
Page 1788:
T IANTAI S CHOOL and finally as its
Page 1792:
T IBET the relationship between Ind
Page 1796:
T IBET A statue of Padmasambhava, w
Page 1800:
T IBET in particular found much to
Page 1804:
T IBET virtually all monastic insti
Page 1808:
T IME Cuevas, Bryan J. The Hidden H
Page 1812:
T ULKA ‘Ol khar chos lung during
Page 1816:
U NITED S TATES In 670 Ŭisang retu
Page 1820:
U NITED S TATES Exclusions: 1924-19
Page 1824:
U NITED S TATES property that would
Page 1828:
U PAGUPTA Numrich, Paul David. Old
Page 1832:
U SURY bodhisattva or buddha not on
Page 1836:
Page 1840:
V AJRAYA NA Mahayana is a prelude t
Page 1844:
V ASUBANDHU associated with the est
Page 1848:
V IETNAM Monks dry rice at the Bat
Page 1852:
V IETNAM A monk sounds a bell at a
Page 1856:
V IJN A NA Books Vernacular Buddhi
Page 1860:
V INAYA of the type that characteri
Page 1864:
V INAYA an ordained bhiksu (or bhik
Page 1868:
V IPAŚYIN in Burma (Myanmar). Afte
Page 1872:
Page 1876:
W AR One episode found in the Pali
Page 1880:
W AR surroundings, while still basi
Page 1884:
W ISDOM Their main role in shaping
Page 1888:
W OMEN But these normative construc
Page 1892:
W ŎN B UDDHISM form of birth? How
Page 1896:
W ŎNHYO With his vast scholarship
Page 1900:
W ORSHIP Lotus petals strewn on a s
Page 1904:
Page 1908:
X UANZANG lun (Establishing the Exc
Page 1912:
Y IJING Tiantai. His conception of
Page 1916:
Y OGA Linji’s teaching. When this
Page 1920:
Y OGA CA RA S CHOOL founder of the
Page 1924:
Y OGA CA RA S CHOOL means desiring
Page 1928:
Y OGA CA RA S CHOOL 1. The “provi
Page 1932:
Y UN’ GANG China. Thereafter loca
Page 1936:
Z EN, POPULAR C ONCEPTIONS OF belon
Page 1940:
Z HAO LUN it is a product of the ti
Page 1944:
Z HUHONG and so on. His ideas were
Page 1948:
Page 1952:
Page 1956:
I NDIA 1891 ANAGA RIKA DHARMAPA LA
Page 1960:
S OUTHEAST A SIA 1236 MONKS from Ka
Page 1964:
C HINA 645 XUANZANG (ca. 600-664) r
Page 1968:
J APAN AND K OREA 1010 The Korean k
Page 1972:
Page 1976:
T IBET AND THE H IMALAYAS 1642 Gush
Page 1980:
I NDEX VOLUME 1, PP. 1-478: VOLUME
Page 1984:
Page 1988:
Page 1992:
Page 1996:
Page 2000:
Page 2004:
Page 2008:
Page 2012:
Page 2016:
Page 2020:
Page 2024:
Page 2028:
Page 2032:
Page 2036:
Page 2040:
Page 2044:
Page 2048:
Page 2052:
LEFT: The bodhisattva Samantabhadra
Page 2056:
TOP: The recumbent Buddha entering
Page 2060:
A carved panel depicting an unident
Page 2064:
TOP: Illustration from the Amitabha
Page 2068:
TOP: A Buddhist monastery in the mo
Page 2072:
TOP: The Ratnaku dapariprccha (Ratn
Page 2076:
The horrific celestial buddha Śam
Page 2080:
TOP: Nichiren (1222-1282), founder
show all

Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume One A -L Robert E. Buswell

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?