Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume One A -L Robert E. Buswell

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L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS Jan Nattier Indiana University Aksobhya Buddha(s) Central Asia Conversion Decline of the Dharma Dlpam kara Vipaśyin Jason Neelis University of Washington India, Northwest Silk Road John Newman New College of Florida Kalacakra Cuong Tu Nguyen George Mason University Vietnam Vietnamese, Buddhist Influences on Literature in Ranjini Obeyesekere Princeton University Sinhala, Buddhist Literature in Reiko Ohnuma Dartmouth College Gender Jataka Viśvantara Patrick Olivelle University of Texas at Austin Hair Grant A. Olson Northern Illinois University Thai, Buddhist Literature in Charles D. Orzech University of North Carolina, Greensboro Tantra Youngsook Pak University of London, United Kingdom Korea, Buddhist Art in Jin Y. Park American University Communism and Buddhism Pori Park Arizona State University Han Yongun Nationalism and Buddhism Sung Bae Park State University of New York at Stony Brook Chinul Bhikkhu Pasadika Philipps University, Marburg, Germany A nanda Rahula Richard K. Payne Institute of Buddhist Studies, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California Ritual Linda Penkower University of Pittsburgh Zhanran Mario Poceski University of Florida Chengguan China Daoyi (Mazu) Huayan jing Huayan School William Powell University of California, Santa Barbara Martial Arts John Powers Australian National University, Australia Hermeneutics Laṅkavatara-sutra Sam dhinirmocana-sutra Patrick A. Pranke University of Michigan Abhijña (Higher Knowledges) Myanmar Satipatthana-sutta Vidyadhara Vipassana (Sanskrit, Vipaśyana) Charles S. Prebish The Pennsylvania State University Councils, Buddhist Leonard C. D. C. Priestley University of Toronto Pudgalavada Benille Priyanka University of California, Los Angeles Sri Lanka, Buddhist Art in Christopher S. Queen Harvard University Ambedkar, B. R. Buddhadasa Engaged Buddhism Thich Nhat Hanh Andrew Quintman University of Michigan Bka’ brgyud (Kagyu) Jo khang Kailaśa (Kailash) Karma pa Ma gcig lab sgron (Machig Lapdön) Mahamudra Mahasiddha Mar pa (Marpa) Mi la ras pa (Milarepa) Naropa Potala Fabio Rambelli Sapporo University, Japan Hachiman Honji Suijaku Local Divinities and Buddhism Shinto (Honji Suijaku) and Buddhism Ian Reader Lancaster University, United Kingdom Folk Religion, Japan Barbara E. Reed St. Olaf College Ethics Eric Reinders Emory University Etiquette Politics and Buddhism Marylin Martin Rhie Smith College China, Buddhist Art in Michael R. Rhum Chicago, Illinois Amulets and Talismans Folk Religion, Southeast Asia David E. Riggs University of California, Los Angeles Ryokan Brian O. Ruppert University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign Japanese Royal Family and Buddhism E NCYCLOPEDIA OF B UDDHISM xxiii
Page 2: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BUDDHISM
Page 6: ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BUDDHISM Volume One
Page 10: CONTENTS Preface. .................
Page 14: PREFACE Buddhism is one of the thre
Page 18: P REFACE for rendering Asian langua
Page 22: LIST OF ARTICLES Abhidharma Collett
Page 26: L IST OF A RTICLES Devadatta Max De
Page 30: L IST OF A RTICLES Laos Justin McDa
Page 34: L IST OF A RTICLES Sautrantika Coll
Page 38: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Ryuichi Abé C
Page 42: L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS Alexander Ga
Page 48: L IST OF C ONTRIBUTORS Jewels Relic
Page 52: This page intentionally left blank
Page 56: S YNOPTIC O UTLINE OF E NTRIES Juef
Page 60: S YNOPTIC O UTLINE OF E NTRIES Japa
Page 64: S YNOPTIC O UTLINE OF E NTRIES Chin
Page 68: S YNOPTIC O UTLINE OF E NTRIES Sutr
Page 76: \ T HE S PREAD OF B UDDHISM IN THE
Page 84: A BHIDHARMA authority of abhidharma
Page 88: A BHIDHARMA repositories of several
Page 92: A BHIDHARMA perduring, unchanging,
Page 96:
A BHIJN A (HIGHER K NOWLEDGES) 3.
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A GAMA/NIKA YA Buddhists have adopt
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A JAN T A schools. However, very li
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A MBEDKAR, B. R. sculpture at its b
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A NAGA RIKA D HARMAPA LA carried fo
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A NA THAPIN D ADA ANA THAPIN D ADA
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A NCESTORS Murti, T. R. V. The Cent
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A NCESTORS A Zen (Chan school) prie
Page 128:
A N S HIGAO Bibliography Conze, Edw
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A POCRYPHA accepted in a state-comm
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A RHAT efficacy would restore order
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A RHAT I MAGES See also: Arhat Imag
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A RYAŚU RA A RYAŚU RA A ryaśura
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A Ś OKA See also: Diet; Robes and
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A VADA NA of Buddhism (snga dar) in
Page 156:
A VADA NAŚATAKA AVADA NAŚATAKA Th
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This page intentionally left blank
Page 164:
B AYON Bibliography Baker, P. H. B.
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B IOGRAPHIES OF E MINENT M ONKS (GA
Page 172:
B IOGRAPHY sara, donated land to es
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B KA’ BRGYUD (KAGYU) brgyud to de
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B ODHI (AWAKENING) extant remains a
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B ODHI (AWAKENING) must be kept in
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B ODHICITTA (THOUGHT OF A WAKENING)
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B ODHICITTA (THOUGHT OF A WAKENING)
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B ODHISATTVA( S ) as the Bodhidharm
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B ODHISATTVA I MAGES as Yinshou pus
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B ODHISATTVA I MAGES China as the g
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B ODY, PERSPECTIVES ON THE body, In
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B ON a means of political protest.
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B OROBUDUR See also: Tibet Bibliogr
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B SAM YAS D EBATE The philosophical
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B UDDHA( S ) Konakamana (Pali, Kona
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B UDDHA( S ) Sukhavatlvyu ha) descr
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B UDDHAHOOD AND B UDDHA B ODIES BUD
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B UDDHAHOOD AND B UDDHA B ODIES ete
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B UDDHA I MAGES head, which came to
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B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE to China. Hong
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B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE reached Rsipat
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B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE MARA, the evil
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B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE, IN A RT Hirak
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B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE, IN A RT famil
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B UDDHA, LIFE OF THE, IN A RT enlig
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B UDDHIST S TUDIES buddhavacana in
Page 272:
B UDDHIST S TUDIES have given to do
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B UDDHIST S TUDIES Ruegg and Lamber
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B UDDHIST S TUDIES traditions of Ch
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B URMESE, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN B
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B U STON (BU TÖN) Bu ston was a co
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C AMBODIA KINGSHIP and society onto
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C AMBODIA and the shift in iconogra
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C AMBODIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN identif
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C ANON on content and its realizati
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C ANON eventually included Chinese
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C ATALOGUES OF S CRIPTURES CATALOGU
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C AVE S ANCTUARIES Some of the earl
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C ELIBACY CELIBACY. See Sexuality C
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C ENTRAL A SIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN th
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C ENTRAL A SIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN A
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C HAN A RT Bodhidharma, putative fi
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C HAN A RT artistic practice as wel
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C HAN S CHOOL Foulk, T. Griffith, a
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C HAN S CHOOL radical, iconoclastic
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C HAN S CHOOL of Mazu Daoyi, and a
Page 352:
C HAN S CHOOL a Linji lineage, Rinz
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C HANTING AND L ITURGY A monk beats
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C HINA introduction of (at first) a
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C HINA (1644-1911)—can be taken t
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C HINA together by shared ideals an
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C HINA, BUDDHIST A RT IN temple art
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C HINA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Northern L
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C HINA, BUDDHIST A RT IN beloved la
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C HINA, BUDDHIST A RT IN to the con
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C HINESE, BUDDHIST I NFLUENCES ON V
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C HINESE, BUDDHIST I NFLUENCES ON V
Page 396:
C HOGYE S CHOOL Huayan Jing), by Li
Page 400:
C HRISTIANITY AND B UDDHISM During
Page 404:
C OLONIALISM AND B UDDHISM temple w
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C OLONIALISM AND B UDDHISM reconfig
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C OMMENTARIAL L ITERATURE COMMENTAR
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C OMMENTARIAL L ITERATURE reasons f
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C OMMUNISM AND B UDDHISM Chinese vi
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C OMPASSION Schwartz, Ronald D. “
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C ONFUCIANISM AND B UDDHISM Han Yu
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C ONSCIOUSNESS, THEORIES OF system
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C ONSECRATION Hattori, Masaaki, ed.
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C ONSECRATION painted on the image
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C ONVERSION CONVERSION In most time
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C OSMOLOGY completely concentrated
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C OSMOLOGY (and not so commonly) ex
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C OUNCILS, BUDDHIST a small group o
Page 460:
Page 464:
D A KINI Kraft, Kenneth L. Eloquent
Page 468:
D ALAI L AMA replacing the post of
Page 472:
D A NA ( GIVING) Bibliography Bell,
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D AOISM AND B UDDHISM new understan
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D AOISM AND B UDDHISM occurring ben
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D AOXUAN advocated a gradual path o
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D EATH identity continues is a key
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D EATH and his enlightened follower
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D EATH prominent role in sanctifyin
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D ECLINE OF THE D HARMA across Cult
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D ECLINE OF THE D HARMA employed in
Page 508:
D EVADATTA Attempts to understand a
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D HAMMAPADA reincarnation, Dge ‘d
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D HARMA AND D HARMAS religious beli
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D HARMA AND D HARMAS contains the v
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D HARMA AND D HARMAS 3. Volition (c
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D HARMADHA TU delineating the numbe
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D HYA NA ( TRANCE STATE) Buddhism i
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D IET A scroll printed in 868 C.E.,
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D IGNA GA DIGNA GA An Indian propon
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D ISCIPLES OF THE B UDDHA out for B
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D IVINITIES continues to cause trou
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D O KYO Monastery on Mount Tiantong
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D REAMS creates such tremendous pre
Page 560:
D UNHUANG Holding on to each of the
Page 564:
Page 568:
E CONOMICS variety is difference, a
Page 572:
E CONOMICS them more visible. This
Page 576:
E IGHTFOLD P ATH misunderstood or w
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E NTERTAINMENT AND P ERFORMANCE the
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E SOTERIC A RT, EAST A SIA storytel
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E SOTERIC A RT, EAST A SIA esoteric
Page 592:
E SOTERIC A RT, EAST A SIA found a
Page 596:
E SOTERIC A RT, SOUTH AND S OUTHEAS
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E SOTERIC A RT, SOUTH AND S OUTHEAS
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E THICS separate distinct paths—a
Page 608:
E THICS Shengyan, and the Taiwanese
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E UROPE “dharma years,” that is
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E UROPE TABLE 1 Estimated Buddhists
Page 620:
E VIL Mara, the Evil One, attacks t
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E XOTERIC-ESOTERIC (KENMITSU) BUDDH
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E XOTERIC-ESOTERIC (KENMITSU) BUDDH
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Page 636:
F AITH adhimutti or adhimokkha). Th
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F AMILY, BUDDHISM AND THE inside a
Page 644:
F ASTING sometime during the middle
Page 648:
F AZANG rebutted those attacks in h
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F ESTIVALS AND C ALENDRICAL R ITUAL
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F ILIALITY relationships. In Japan,
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F OLK R ELIGION, CHINA Schopen, Gre
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F OLK R ELIGION, JAPAN divination,
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F OLK R ELIGION, SOUTHEAST A SIA th
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F OUR N OBLE T RUTHS seek his own e
Page 676:
F OUR N OBLE T RUTHS fourteenth-cen
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G A NDHA RI , BUDDHIST L ITERATURE
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G ELUK his hands touched the sun an
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G ENDER positions in the cosmos tha
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G ENDER Perhaps the most striking a
Page 696:
G HOST F ESTIVAL Japanese Americans
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G UANYIN police that world, which e
Page 704:
Page 708:
H AN Y ONGUN modern Rinzai lineages
Page 712:
H ELLS it is better to aspire to be
Page 716:
H ELLS, IMAGES OF Matsunaga, Daigan
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H ERMENEUTICS Boiling Cauldron Hell
Page 724:
H IMALAYAS, BUDDHIST A RT IN HIMALA
Page 728:
H IMALAYAS, BUDDHIST A RT IN scroll
Page 732:
H IMALAYAS, BUDDHIST A RT IN Centra
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H I NAYA NA Bernier, Ronald M. The
Page 740:
H INDUISM AND B UDDHISM The Hindu d
Page 744:
H ISTORY nun. Early and late Buddhi
Page 748:
H ISTORY crisis where traditional a
Page 752:
H O NEN McRae, John. “Encounter D
Page 756:
H UAYAN A RT developed. Most popula
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H UAYAN JING is especially evident
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H UAYAN S CHOOL the scripture’s t
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H UAYAN S CHOOL monumental commenta
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H UAYAN S CHOOL major doctrines of
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H UIYUAN center of Hongren (601-674
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H YUJŎNG Doctrine), and Simbŏp yo
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I MPERMANENCE and may have fathered
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I NDIA monks became increasingly di
Page 792:
I NDIA increased the number of nika
Page 796:
I NDIA Tibetans light butter lamps
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I NDIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Masefield,
Page 804:
I NDIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Pillars an
Page 808:
I NDIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Buddha Pre
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I NDIA, NORTHWEST the thirteenth ce
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I NDIA, NORTHWEST Central Asia in t
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I NDONESIA AND THE M ALAY P ENINSUL
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I NDONESIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN center
Page 828:
I NDRA inscriptions describing the
Page 832:
I NITIATION gods to hold the ceremo
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I NTERMEDIATE S TATES In this monum
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I PPEN C HISHIN Cuevas, Bryan J.
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I SLAM AND B UDDHISM Bibliography B
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J APAN to one medieval writer of th
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J APAN Still, whether or not they c
Page 856:
J APAN Throughout the eighth centur
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J APAN The famous Zen garden at the
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J APAN, BUDDHIST A RT IN Important
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J APAN, BUDDHIST A RT IN This statu
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J APANESE, BUDDHIST I NFLUENCES ON
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J APANESE R OYAL F AMILY AND B UDDH
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J A TAKA (1053-1129) established ma
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J A TAKAMA LA individual jatakas ar
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J IUN O NKO JIUN ONKO Jiun Onko (Ji
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J UEFAN (HUIHONG) Groves [of Chan])
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K A LACAKRA Kailaśa (Mount Kailash
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K A LACAKRA name of Islam, Sultan M
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K AMAKURA B UDDHISM, JAPAN those pr
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K AMAKURA B UDDHISM, JAPAN practice
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K ARMA ( ACTION) The surviving sour
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K ARMA PA The seventeenth Karma pa,
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K ARUN A (COMPASSION) compassion is
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K HMER, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN “
Page 928:
K INGSHIP Muller, A. Charles. The S
Page 932:
K O AN (seminal heart) traditions h
Page 936:
K O AN a Song-dynasty Chan school t
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K OREA Buddhist themes, compiled du
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K OREA found his hermeneutical key
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K OREA Lanterns on the river during
Page 952:
K OREA, BUDDHIST A RT IN Buddhist m
Page 956:
K OREA, BUDDHIST A RT IN green, and
Page 960:
K OREAN, BUDDHIST I NFLUENCES ON V
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K UMA RAJI VA See also: Exoteric-Es
Page 968:
Page 972:
L AITY Laypersons dip lotus flowers
Page 976:
L AITY to reciting Amitabha’s nam
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L ALITAVISTARA LALITAVISTARA The La
Page 984:
L ANGUAGES Two important claims abo
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L ANGUAGES Central Asia. A most int
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L A ṄKA VATA RA- SU TRA Hinüber,
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L AOS After almost a century of war
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L AW AND B UDDHISM in Sri Lanka, Bu
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L INEAGE a concrete meaning as clan
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L INEAGE with similar aims, to legi
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L OCAL D IVINITIES AND B UDDHISM so
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L OCAL D IVINITIES AND B UDDHISM de
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L OGIC many such thinkers were engr
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L OTUS S U TRA (SADDHARMAPUN D ARI
Page 1028:
Page 1032:
Page 1036:
Page 1040:
EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR IN CHIEF Rob
Page 1044:
Encyclopedia of Buddhism Robert E.
Page 1048:
M ADHYAMAKA S CHOOL into emptiness
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M ADHYAMAKA S CHOOL support the Mad
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M ADHYAMAKA S CHOOL Madhyamaka in T
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M AHA BODHI T EMPLE The tradition o
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M AHA MUDRA dedicating their merit
Page 1068:
M AHA SA M GHIKA S CHOOL everything
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M AHA YA NA MAHA YA NA There are, i
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M AHA YA NA goal in one form or ano
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M AHA YA NA Indian forms was partic
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M AHA YA NA record: If adherents of
Page 1088:
M AHA YA NA P RECEPTS IN J APAN in
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M AINSTREAM B UDDHIST S CHOOLS appe
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M AINSTREAM B UDDHIST S CHOOLS The
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M AINSTREAM B UDDHIST S CHOOLS for
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M AN D ALA the more popular AMITABH
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M AN D ALA Mandala of the Diamond W
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M ANTRA illustrating these complica
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M ARTIAL A RTS pass his dharma line
Page 1120:
M ARTIAL A RTS his feet bears close
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M A TR CET A considered an invented
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M EDITATION Zysk, Kenneth G. “Bud
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M EDITATION A monk meditates at a s
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M EDITATION anusmrti (recollection)
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M EDITATION Second, one cannot esca
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M EDITATION traditions of mental cu
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M EIJI B UDDHIST R EFORM their will
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M ERIT AND M ERIT-MAKING MERIT AND
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M IJIAO (ESOTERIC) SCHOOL joyed in
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M I LA RAS PA (MILAREPA) MI LA RAS
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M ILLENARIANISM AND M ILLENARIAN M
Page 1168:
M IND decades later, the themes of
Page 1172:
M IRACLES buddha, Śakyamuni was be
Page 1176:
M IZUKO K UYO See also: Buddhahood
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M ODERNITY AND B UDDHISM Young monk
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M OHE ZHIGUAN interstitial groups,
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M ONASTIC A RCHITECTURE monastic li
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M ONASTIC A RCHITECTURE The Mogao C
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M ONASTIC A RCHITECTURE (668-935),
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M ONASTICISM monastery construction
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M ONASTICISM Thicksay Monastery, Le
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M ONASTIC M ILITIAS Relationship be
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M ONGOLIA dhist practice, thereby t
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M ONGOLIA The monastery of Erdeni Z
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M ONKS fasting, sleep deprivation,
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M OZHAO C HAN (SILENT I LLUMINATION
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M U DRA AND V ISUAL I MAGERY monk d
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M U LASARVA STIVA DA is frequently
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M YANMAR example, AMITABHA (Amida)
Page 1240:
M YANMAR have formed the core curri
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M YANMAR, BUDDHIST A RT IN life der
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M YANMAR, BUDDHIST A RT IN number o
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N ARA B UDDHISM the final truth. In
Page 1256:
N ATIONALISM AND B UDDHISM NATIONAL
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N ATIONALISM AND B UDDHISM governme
Page 1264:
N EO-CONFUCIANISM the Buddha or kee
Page 1268:
N EPAL traditions and loyalty of mo
Page 1272:
N EPAL, BUDDHIST A RT IN Bibliograp
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N ICHIREN of devotional songs that
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N ICHIREN S CHOOL A Nichiren priest
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N ICHIREN S CHOOL (3) The kaidan, o
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N IRODHA Buswell, Robert E., Jr. Tr
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N IRVA N A word means not only that
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N IRVA N A liberation in nirvana. B
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N O -SELF core nature of each indiv
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N UNS Nuns of Jamyang Choling Insti
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N UNS Bibliography Arai, Paula. Wom
Page 1312:
Page 1316:
O RDINATION Verhagen, P. C. “The
Page 1320:
O RDINATION assembly three times to
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O RIGINAL E NLIGHTENMENT (HONGAKU)
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O RIGINAL E NLIGHTENMENT (HONGAKU)
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O XHERDING P ICTURES final outcome.
Page 1336:
P ADMASAMBHAVA Padmasambhava, who p
Page 1340:
P A LI, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN tra
Page 1344:
P A LI, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN onl
Page 1348:
P ARAMA RTHA from prison in Februar
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P ARISH (DANKA, TERAUKE) SYSTEM IN
Page 1356:
P ARITTA AND R AKS A T EXTS Bibliog
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P ATH walked on this same “ancien
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P ATH of wholesome karmic seeds. Ta
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P ATIENCE Mahathera Henepola Gunara
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P ERSECUTIONS traditional Indian dr
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P ERSECUTIONS to separate the worsh
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P ERSECUTIONS instituting tighter c
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P HILOSOPHY understand themselves t
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P HOENIX H ALL ( AT THE B YO DO IN)
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P ILGRIMAGE Husband-and-wife pilgri
Page 1396:
P ILGRIMAGE Tibetan Buddhist pilgri
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P OETRY AND B UDDHISM McRae, John R
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P OLITICS AND B UDDHISM of a great
Page 1408:
P OLITICS AND B UDDHISM Tibetan mon
Page 1412:
P ORTRAITURE surrounded by smaller
Page 1416:
P RAJN A (WISDOM) The Potala palac
Page 1420:
P RAJN A PA RAMITA L ITERATURE tra
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P RA TIMOKS A Diverse schools of vi
Page 1428:
P RATYEKABUDDHA Instead, they are d
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P RAYER supplication). Buddhist pra
Page 1436:
P RECEPTS From another perspective,
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P RINTING T ECHNOLOGIES A monk hold
Page 1444:
P ROVINCIAL T EMPLE S YSTEM (KOKUBU
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P SYCHOLOGY Thus, generally speakin
Page 1452:
P SYCHOLOGY properties on the cloth
Page 1456:
P SYCHOLOGY contemporary reader may
Page 1460:
P SYCHOLOGY of controlling the body
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P SYCHOLOGY and explanation, which
Page 1468:
P SYCHOLOGY Firestone, Robert W.; F
Page 1472:
P UDGALAVA DA Sharf, Robert H. “B
Page 1476:
P URE L AND A RT end of a kalpa, fi
Page 1480:
P URE L AND A RT FIGURE 1 Pure land
Page 1484:
P URE L AND B UDDHISM Bibliography
Page 1488:
P URE L AND B UDDHISM jing, therefo
Page 1492:
P URE L AND B UDDHISM The focus upo
Page 1496:
P URE L ANDS heavenly glory is the
Page 1500:
P URE L AND S CHOOLS the pure land,
Page 1504:
P URE L AND S CHOOLS (538-597) inco
Page 1508:
Page 1512:
R EBIRTH There is an old tradition
Page 1516:
R EFUGES In Japanese Buddhism, post
Page 1520:
R ELICS A ND R ELICS C ULTS A monk
Page 1524:
R ELICS A ND R ELICS C ULTS The Bud
Page 1528:
R ENNYO 600-664) brought 150 relic
Page 1532:
R EPENTANCE AND C ONFESSION and har
Page 1536:
R ITUAL subtle fetters (sam yojana)
Page 1540:
R ITUAL O BJECTS Bell, Catherine. R
Page 1544:
R ITUAL O BJECTS Monks rotate praye
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R NYING MA (NYINGMA) Tibetan histor
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R OBES AND C LOTHING made up of two
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R OBES AND C LOTHING patch together
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S AMGUK YUSA (MEMORABILIA OF THE T
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S AṄGHA In the Śatavahana period
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S AṄGHA admission to the order an
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S ANJIE J IAO (THREE S TAGES S CHOO
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S ANSKRIT, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN
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S ANSKRIT, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN
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S ARVA STIVA DA AND M U LASARVA STI
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S A SKYA P AN D ITA (SAKYA P AN D I
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ŚA STRA Stearns, Cyrus. Luminous L
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S CRIPTURE as it is a collection of
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S ELF scriptural study is found amo
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S ENTIENT B EINGS Sengzhao made mul
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S EXUALITY distracted by the sight
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S HINGON B UDDHISM, JAPAN This is e
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S HINRAN Bibliography Abé, Ryuichi
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S HINTO (HONJI S UIJAKU) AND B UDDH
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S HINTO (HONJI S UIJAKU) AND B UDDH
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S HO TOKU, PRINCE ( TAISHI) have be
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S HWEDAGON (seated, walking, or oth
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S ILK R OAD Silk Road 0 50 100 mi.
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S INHALA, BUDDHIST L ITERATURE IN (
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S LAVERY SLAVERY The definition of
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S Ŏ N S CHOOL scarves. The interna
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S OUTHEAST A SIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN
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S OUTHEAST A SIA, BUDDHIST A RT IN
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S PACE, SACRED Gosling, Betty. Sukh
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S PACE, SACRED (sutra-burial mounds
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S PACE, SACRED part of Honshu Islan
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S PACE, SACRED Outer Shrine dedicat
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S RI L ANKA The Mahavam sa asserts
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S RI L ANKA A young novice monk bat
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S RI L ANKA, BUDDHIST A RT IN templ
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S RI L ANKA, BUDDHIST A RT IN A rec
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S TU PA be a perfect circle, was in
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S TU PA Reliefs depicting events fr
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S UFFERING Hallade, Madeleine, Gand
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S U TRA Other Mahayanists analyzed
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S UVARN APRABHA SOTTAMA- SU TRA ill
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S YNCRETIC S ECTS: THREE T EACHINGS
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T AIWAN A row of golden Buddha stat
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T AIWAN A ceremony at Fo Kuang Shan
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T ANTRA the performance of one’s
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T ANTRA Connecting the ganglia are
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T ANTRA initially treated with susp
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T AOISM Bibliography Abé Ryuichi.
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T EMPLE Grosnick, William H. “Non
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T HAILAND Payutto published the fir
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T HAILAND kings helped settle saṅ
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T HAILAND A Thai Buddhist lays an o
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T HERAVA DA Phutathat (Buddhadasa B
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T HERAVA DA original Pali from Sing
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T HERAVA DA refuges and precepts to
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T HERAVA DA A RT AND A RCHITECTURE
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T HICH N HAT H ANH Images are belie
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T IANTAI S CHOOL Confronted with th
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T IANTAI S CHOOL emptiness, which i
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T IANTAI S CHOOL and finally as its
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T IBET the relationship between Ind
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T IBET A statue of Padmasambhava, w
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T IBET in particular found much to
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T IBET virtually all monastic insti
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T IME Cuevas, Bryan J. The Hidden H
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T ULKA ‘Ol khar chos lung during
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U NITED S TATES In 670 Ŭisang retu
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U NITED S TATES Exclusions: 1924-19
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U NITED S TATES property that would
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U PAGUPTA Numrich, Paul David. Old
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U SURY bodhisattva or buddha not on
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V AJRAYA NA Mahayana is a prelude t
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V ASUBANDHU associated with the est
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V IETNAM Monks dry rice at the Bat
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V IETNAM A monk sounds a bell at a
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V IJN A NA Books Vernacular Buddhi
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V INAYA of the type that characteri
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V INAYA an ordained bhiksu (or bhik
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V IPAŚYIN in Burma (Myanmar). Afte
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W AR One episode found in the Pali
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W AR surroundings, while still basi
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W ISDOM Their main role in shaping
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W OMEN But these normative construc
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W ŎN B UDDHISM form of birth? How
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W ŎNHYO With his vast scholarship
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W ORSHIP Lotus petals strewn on a s
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X UANZANG lun (Establishing the Exc
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Y IJING Tiantai. His conception of
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Y OGA Linji’s teaching. When this
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Y OGA CA RA S CHOOL founder of the
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Y OGA CA RA S CHOOL means desiring
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Y OGA CA RA S CHOOL 1. The “provi
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Y UN’ GANG China. Thereafter loca
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Z EN, POPULAR C ONCEPTIONS OF belon
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Z HAO LUN it is a product of the ti
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Z HUHONG and so on. His ideas were
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I NDIA 1891 ANAGA RIKA DHARMAPA LA
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S OUTHEAST A SIA 1236 MONKS from Ka
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C HINA 645 XUANZANG (ca. 600-664) r
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J APAN AND K OREA 1010 The Korean k
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T IBET AND THE H IMALAYAS 1642 Gush
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I NDEX VOLUME 1, PP. 1-478: VOLUME
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LEFT: The bodhisattva Samantabhadra
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TOP: The recumbent Buddha entering
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A carved panel depicting an unident
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TOP: Illustration from the Amitabha
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TOP: A Buddhist monastery in the mo
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TOP: The Ratnaku dapariprccha (Ratn
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The horrific celestial buddha Śam
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TOP: Nichiren (1222-1282), founder
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Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume One A -L Robert E. Buswell

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