62) decentralised governance of irrigation water in cambodia - CDRI

O&M issues concerning water usage as well as local practical solutions and conflict resolution
mechanisms. Some of the questions posed in the FGD were asked again in farmer interviews in
order to validate the previous responses. The questionnaires designed for interviewing farmer
were used flexibly – that is, responses from the first FGDs and KI interviews were used to
direct the farmer interviews where necessary.
Field observations were taken alongside the farmer interviews to get more of an idea
about present irrigation management, water allocation practice, the physical structure of
the irrigation systems, and other water related issues. Importantly, observing the location of
the interviewees’ rice paddy within the irrigation system contextualised their responses and
perceptions of the issues. The field observations provided better opportunity for the team to
access and collect as much data and information as possible and to witness first-hand how
and where water related issues have occurred in specific geographical conditions. During the
discussion, maps produced by the research team were used as a support tool so that farmers
could point out the exact locations of critical issues and potential locations for infrastructural
solutions e.g., where a canal system could be built to solve water shortage issues or to improve
water allocation and management in the area.
3.5 Provincial Workshops
A number of provincial workshops were held in Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Thom and
Pursat provinces to collect data and information and to seek further advice that could contribute
to better irrigation management and increased agricultural production. The workshop provided
a good opportunity for all stakeholders to discuss:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A common vision
Strategies for improving irrigation systems
Key issues and potential solutions
Stakeholders’ responsibilities in irrigation management
5. Appropriate advice on important methodologies to be established by the team to
fruitfully participate in the development of guidelines for water allocation, and the
best practices to improve irrigation management and water governance at local level.
3.6 Data Triangulation
Data from the literature review, farmer and KI interviews, FGDs and workshops were
cross-checked (through communication with stakeholders) and compiled. This “triangulation”
method ensures the reliability of the data and thus data analysis is more convincing.
In-depth data analysis was undertaken to: 1) identify root causes of the water issues and
gaps or inconsistencies between policies and farmer practices, and to seek proper resolutions
from stakeholders; 2) have a clear understanding of the specific conditions in Cambodia that
may help governance initiatives such as PIMD and IMT, and to help FWUCs operate effectively;
and 3) assist public policy decision-makers in comparing and evaluating policy alternatives.
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