THE NOURISHING EFFECT

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40 CHAPTER 1 • BREAD FOR <strong>THE</strong> WORLD INSTITUTE Laura Elizabeth Pohl for Bread for the World
CHAPTER 1 Hunger and Health Over the Life Course * Launching Off Point A food insecure woman gives birth to a premature, underweight baby. The undernourished infant is more susceptible to infections, requires more medical care, is more likely to be hospitalized, and faces delays in growth and development that may haunt her for the rest of her life. Growing up poor, she has markedly different experiences than her peers in higher-income households: no high-quality preschool or centerbased child care, parents who are overwhelmed with trying to earn enough to keep a roof over their heads, siblings competing for whatever food there is in the home. In school, she struggles to catch up. She is chronically hungry and relies on the free lunch and free breakfast (if offered) programs for most of her nutrients. Growing up impoverished in a food insecure household exposes her to toxic levels of stress that “The poor get sick more than anyone else in the society… When they become sick, they are sick longer than any other group in the society… At any given point in the circle, particularly when there is a major illness, their prospect is to move to an even lower level and to begin the cycle, round and round, toward even more suffering.” — Michael Harrington, The Other America (1962) KEY POINTS • Maternal and child health outcomes are worse in the United States than all other high-income countries, and this is due in part to our tolerance, as a nation, for higher levels of poverty and hunger. • The Hunger VitalSign, a two-item food-security screen, is an efficient tool to use in clinical settings to identify patients at risk of hunger. • Investments in early childhood development, including good nutrition, are essential to giving children growing up in poverty the best chance of achieving a healthy, productive life. • Many working-age adults with disabilities who can work and want to work are deterred from seeking employment due to the fact they could lose their healthcare benefits. • Hospitals can reduce the rate of Medicare readmissions by ensuring at discharge that seniors have access to healthy food and are aware of available nutrition services. • Home-delivered meal programs provide frail seniors and people with severe disabilities some measure of independence and can help delay the need for expensive long-term care. contribute to early onset of chronic diseases. Toxic stress also makes her more vulnerable to depression and thoughts of suicide, substance abuse, and dropping out of school and consequently severely limited employment opportunities in adulthood. *“Life course perspective refers to how health status at any given age, for a given birth cohort, reflects not only contemporary conditions but embodiment of prior living circumstances, in utero onwards.” 1 WWW.HUNGERREPORT.ORG • 2016 HUNGER REPORT 41
Page 1: THE NOURISHING EFFECT: 2016 HUNGER
Page 4 and 5: BREAD FOR THE WORLD INSTITUTE Presi
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents Foreword by David
Page 8 and 9: Table of Contents Appendix 1: Feder
Page 10 and 11: Foreword: David Beckmann In 2015, w
Page 12 and 13: 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • BREAD FOR T
Page 14 and 15: Courtesy Meals on Wheels Introducti
Page 16 and 17: Joseph Molieri/Bread for the World
Page 18 and 19: Box ES.1 Conclusion A Transformatio
Page 20 and 21: 10 INTRODUCTION • BREAD FOR THE W
Page 22 and 23: USDA Photo by Lance Cheung School m
Page 24 and 25: Figure i.2 Worsening of Competing D
Page 26 and 27: Zach Blum for Bread for the World T
Page 28 and 29: Laura Elizabeth Pohl for Bread for
Page 30 and 31: USDA photo President Johnson signin
Page 32 and 33: WIC agency reaches its maximum case
Page 34 and 35: Figure i.7 gress banned use of lead
Page 36 and 37: Box i.2 THE FOOD ENVIRONMENT IN LAT
Page 38 and 39: Rick Reinhard for Bread for the Wor
Page 40 and 41: Box i.3 MASS INCARCERATION: A PUBLI
Page 42 and 43: Over the last 30 years, prices for
Page 44 and 45: For decades, in both the public and
Page 46 and 47: healthcare system in the United Sta
Page 48 and 49: THE HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER IN THE UNI
Page 52 and 53: Figure 1.1 RATE OF RETURN TO INVEST
Page 54 and 55: Figure 1.2 10% 5% 0% Percentage of
Page 56 and 57: Home visitation programs are unique
Page 58 and 59: Figure 1.4 children healthy. Cold,
Page 60 and 61: Courtesy Children’s HealthWatch D
Page 62 and 63: Richard Lord Residents at a shelter
Page 64 and 65: Figure 1.7 Percent of Patients 100
Page 66 and 67: Todd Post/Bread for the World Growi
Page 68 and 69: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Page 70 and 71: to six times the average for their
Page 72 and 73: New York City Department of Transpo
Page 74 and 75: Box 1.3 COMMUNITY SERVINGS: IS IT N
Page 76 and 77: in the most recent edition of the a
Page 78 and 79: Figure 1.14 Long-Term Services and
Page 80 and 81: HUNGER AND FOOD INSECURITY DRIVE UP
Page 82 and 83: 72 CHAPTER 2 • BREAD FOR THE WORL
Page 86 and 87: Zach Blum for Bread for the World A
Page 88 and 89: Box 2.1 ESKENAZI HEALTH CARES ABOUT
Page 92 and 93: Figure 2.3 Figure 2.4 Total Fruit C
Page 94 and 95: Box 2.2 MCKENNA’S WAGON AT MARTHA
Page 96 and 97: Figure 2.5 Millions $20 $15 $10 $5
Page 98 and 99: Box 2.3 FAITH, FOOD, AND COMMUNITY
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U.S. farmers producing foods aligne
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Joseph Molieri/Bread for the World
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Box 2.4 SUSTAINABLE WILLIAMSON, WES
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No discussion of the anti-hunger in
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Joseph Molieri/Bread for the World
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Box 2.5 MEANS AGAINST THE CLOCK Jos
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Zach Blum for Bread for the World E
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Figure 2.11 Industry With the Highe
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‘FOOD IS MEDICINE’ IN NAVAJO NA
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108 CHAPTER 3 • BREAD FOR THE WOR
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Erly Tatontos/World Bank Indonesian
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Danilo Pinzon/World Bank Most hungr
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Natalia Cieslik/World Bank In Gaza,
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USAID In Senegal, a community-based
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consequences can appear at any age.
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A mother and child at an outpatient
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must strengthen health systems, so
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Maria Fleischmann/World Bank A youn
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Box 3.1 U.S. LEADERSHIP: ENDING PRE
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Graham Crouch/World Bank In Afghani
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Arne Hoel/World Bank Access to clea
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Box 3.2 THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC RESOUR
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Thomas Sennett/World Bank Farmers p
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Dominic Chavez/World Bank A mother
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THE NUTRITION VISION OF THE 2030 AG
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A TRANSFORMATIONAL AGENDA by Asma L
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE LEADER'S RESO
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE hour to 90 mi
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE SESSION 1: HE
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE How much and
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE SESSION 2: HO
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE aspect of thi
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE SESSION 3: TH
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE government me
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE SESSION 4: EN
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CHRISTIAN STUDY GUIDE donor nations
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Endnotes Introduction (pages 10-39)
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Education: Socioeconomic Status Gra
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Shorter Lives, Poorer Health, p. 65
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South and Appalachia,” Center on
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8 Sara Rosenbaum et al. (July 2015)
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(June 2013). All quotes attributed
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44 See Note 41. 45 Will Dunham (May
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Nature Volume 493, Issue 7430. 137
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Food bank: A charitable organizatio
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Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement
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WIC Program—serves to safeguard t
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peer-reviewed academic journals bet
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Background and Context A Note on Hu
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ature indicates it is strongly rela
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staying above 15 million until May
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high prevalence of food insecurity
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a daily basis as to whether they ar
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References 1. Shepard D, Setren E,
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Exhibit A1 Health conditions for wh
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Exhibit A2 Detailed description of
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TABLE 1 Demographics & Economic Ind
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TABLE 2 MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Po
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TABLE 2 MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Po
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TABLE 3 MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Hu
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TABLE 4 MDG 2: Achieve Universal Pr
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TABLE 4 MDG 2: Achieve Universal Pr
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TABLE 6 MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortali
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TABLE 8 MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Mal
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TABLE 8 MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Mal
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TABLE 9 MDG 7: Ensure Environmental
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TABLE 10 MDG 8: Develop a Global Pa
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TABLE 10 MDG 8: Develop a Global Pa
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TABLE 12 United States: National Hu
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TABLE 13 United States Hunger, Pove
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Sources for Data Tables TABLE 10 MD
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Community of Christ engages the chu
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Acknowledgements Bread for the Worl
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Index 1,000 days, 116 401(k)/IRA, 6
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Fathalla, Mahmoud, 120 Federal Home
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Medicare, 14, 29, 33, 41, 54, 62, 6
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs
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THE NOURISHING EFFECT

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