WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience
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C<strong>on</strong>tents<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
Acr<strong>on</strong>yms and abbreviati<strong>on</strong>s<br />
Executive summary<br />
1. Introducti<strong>on</strong> 1<br />
2. Methods 4<br />
3. Evidence and <str<strong>on</strong>g>recommendati<strong>on</strong>s</str<strong>on</strong>g> 13<br />
A. Nutriti<strong>on</strong>al interventi<strong>on</strong>s 14<br />
B. Maternal and fetal assessment 40<br />
C. Preventive measures 63<br />
D. Interventi<strong>on</strong>s <strong>for</strong> comm<strong>on</strong> physiological symptoms 74<br />
E. Health systems interventi<strong>on</strong>s to improve the utilizati<strong>on</strong> and quality of ANC 85<br />
4. Implementati<strong>on</strong> of the ANC guideline and <str<strong>on</strong>g>recommendati<strong>on</strong>s</str<strong>on</strong>g>: introducing the<br />
2016 <str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g> ANC model 105<br />
5. Research implicati<strong>on</strong>s 118<br />
6. Disseminati<strong>on</strong>, applicability and updating of the guideline and <str<strong>on</strong>g>recommendati<strong>on</strong>s</str<strong>on</strong>g> 120<br />
References 123<br />
Annex 1: External experts and <str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g> staff involved in the preparati<strong>on</strong> of this guideline 137<br />
Annex 2: Other <str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g> guidelines with <str<strong>on</strong>g>recommendati<strong>on</strong>s</str<strong>on</strong>g> relevant to routine ANC 141<br />
Annex 3:<br />
Summary of declarati<strong>on</strong>s of interest from the Guideline Development Group<br />
(GDG) members and how they were managed 143<br />
Annex 4: Implementati<strong>on</strong> c<strong>on</strong>siderati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>for</strong> ANC guideline <str<strong>on</strong>g>recommendati<strong>on</strong>s</str<strong>on</strong>g> 145<br />
v<br />
vii<br />
ix<br />
Web annexes: <str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>recommendati<strong>on</strong>s</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>antenatal</strong> <strong>care</strong> <strong>for</strong> a <strong>positive</strong> <strong>pregnancy</strong> <strong>experience</strong>*<br />
Web annex 1:<br />
Priority questi<strong>on</strong>s and outcomes <strong>for</strong> the <strong>antenatal</strong> <strong>care</strong> (ANC) interventi<strong>on</strong>s<br />
identified <strong>for</strong> this guideline<br />
Web annex 2: Changes from the approved scope of this guideline<br />
Web annex 3: Guideline Development Group (GDG) judgements related to the <str<strong>on</strong>g>recommendati<strong>on</strong>s</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
Web supplement: <str<strong>on</strong>g>WHO</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>recommendati<strong>on</strong>s</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <strong>antenatal</strong> <strong>care</strong> <strong>for</strong> a <strong>positive</strong> <strong>pregnancy</strong> <strong>experience</strong>:<br />
evidence base*<br />
The standardized criteria used in grading the evidence and the GRADE tables have been published in this<br />
separate Web supplement. These evidence tables are referred to within this document by number, prefixed with<br />
"EB" (<strong>for</strong> evidence base), <strong>for</strong> ease of reference.<br />
* available at: www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publicati<strong>on</strong>s/maternal_perinatal_health/anc-<strong>positive</strong>-<strong>pregnancy</strong>-<strong>experience</strong>/en/