advice, access to his library and permission to use his Foxe Basin haulout photo. 65
66 REFERENCES Allen, J.A. 1880. History <strong>of</strong> North American pinnipeds: a monograph <strong>of</strong> the walruses, sea-lions, seabears and seals <strong>of</strong> North America. U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey <strong>of</strong> the Territories, Misc. Publ. 12: 785 pp. Allen, B.M. and R.P. Angliss. 2015. Alaska marine mammal stock assessments, 2014. U.S. Dep. Commer. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFSAFSC-301, 304 p. AMAP, 2013. AMAP Assessment 2013: Arctic Ocean acidification. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway. viii + 99 pp. Andersen, L.W. and E.W. Born. 2000. Indications <strong>of</strong> two genetically different subpopulations <strong>of</strong> Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in west and northwest Greenland. Can. J. Zool. 78: 1999–2009. Andersen, L.W., E.W. Born, I. Gjertz, Ø. Wiig, L.-E. Holm, and C. Bendixen. 1998. Population structure and gene flow <strong>of</strong> the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the eastern Atlantic Arctic based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite variation. Mol. Ecol. 7: 1323–1326. Andersen, L.W., E.W. Born, R.E.A. Stewart, R. Dietz, D.W. Doidge, and C. Lanthier. 2014. A genetic comparison <strong>of</strong> West Greenland and Baffin Island (Canada) walruses: management implications. NAMMCO Sci. Publ. 9: 33-52. Anderson, L.E. and J. Garlich-Miller. 1994. Economic analysis <strong>of</strong> the 1992 and 1993 summer walrus hunts in northern Foxe Basin, Northwest Territories. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2011: iv + 20 pp. Anon. 1952. Fredning av hvalross. Kongelig Resolusjon av 20. Juni 1952. (Protection <strong>of</strong> walrus. Royal Decree 20 June 1952). Oslo, Norway. Available from Fiskeridepartementet, 0vre Slottsg. 2, P.B. 8118 Dep., 0032 Oslo, Norway. Anon. 1956a. Vedtægt om regulering af hvalrosfangst I Davisstrædet og Baffins Bugt den 16. november 1956 (Landsråd Rules regulating walrus catch in the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay, 16 November 1956). Ministeriet for Grønland. Anon. 1956b. Decree No. 738 <strong>of</strong> 21 November 1956 <strong>of</strong> the RSFSR Council <strong>of</strong> Ministers on Arctic wildlife conservation measures. Russian Federation. Anon. 1973. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species <strong>of</strong> Wild Fauna and Flora (amended1979). CITES Secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland. [https://cites.org/eng/disc/text.php] Anon. 1982. Decree No. 500 <strong>of</strong> the RSFSR Council <strong>of</strong> Ministers <strong>of</strong> 9 September 1982. Russian Federation. Anon. 1999. Landstingslov nr. 12 af 29. oktober 1999 om fangst og jagt [Parliament Act no. 12 <strong>of</strong> 29 October 1999 on fishing and hunting]. Greenland Home Rule Government, Nuuk, Greenland. [http://lovgivning.gl/lov?rid={1A6BE69B-3B89-4173-BAC1-1C61736FF93C}] Anon. 2006 Hjemmestyrets bekendtgørelse nr. 20 af 27 Oktober 2006 om beskyttelse og fangst af hvalros. Grønlands Hjemmestyre, Nuuk (Greenland Home Rule Executive Order No. 20 <strong>of</strong> 27 October
- Page 1 and 2:
REPORT © Mikhail Cherkasov / WWF-R
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2 ABSTRACT The walrus (Odobenus ros
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4 PURPOSE AND SCOPE The WWF Arctic
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6 beginning ca. 50,000 yBP that lim
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8 Walruses from the Foxe Basin stoc
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10 al. 2003). These differences coi
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12 under favourable environmental c
- Page 15 and 16: 14 appeared to be male. Crude measu
- Page 17 and 18: 16 comparable data for proper asses
- Page 19 and 20: 18 (Fay 1982). The walruses that ar
- Page 21 and 22: 20 A joint U.S.-Russia survey, with
- Page 23 and 24: 22 for the conservation of walruses
- Page 25 and 26: 24 provisions for walrus protection
- Page 27 and 28: 26 northwestern and northeastern Gr
- Page 29 and 30: 28 Franz Josef Land was discovered
- Page 31 and 32: 30 USFWS 2014). The population is c
- Page 33 and 34: 32 they return from hunting trips (
- Page 35 and 36: 34 The USFWS has also developed gui
- Page 37 and 38: 36 how many walruses are represente
- Page 39 and 40: 38 (www.iucn.org/about/). The IUCN
- Page 41 and 42: 40 Atlantic Walruses In Canada, the
- Page 43 and 44: 42 Pacific walruses The primary sou
- Page 45 and 46: 44 Foxe Basin (BIMC 2012). It has b
- Page 47 and 48: 46 define shipping channels, season
- Page 49 and 50: 48 Alaska may be a successful manag
- Page 51 and 52: 50 of the population (Born et al. 1
- Page 53 and 54: 52 In the Bering and Chukchi seas,
- Page 55 and 56: 54 Garlich-Miller et al. (2011) ass
- Page 57 and 58: 56 Hamilton et al. (2014) assessed
- Page 59 and 60: 58 Canadian High Arctic - Northwest
- Page 61 and 62: 60 2014a, b; Lindqvist et al. 2016)
- Page 63 and 64: 62 reproduction and survival rates,
- Page 65: 64 Jurisdictions with walrus popula
- Page 69 and 70: 68 Boertmann, D., A. Mosbech, D. Sc
- Page 71 and 72: 70 Chernook, V.I., C. Lydersen, D,M
- Page 73 and 74: 72 Durner, G.M., D.C. Douglas, R.M.
- Page 75 and 76: 74 Galicia, M.P., G.W. Thiemann, M.
- Page 77 and 78: 76 Environmental Ltd., Edmonton AB
- Page 79 and 80: 78 Collection of scientific papers
- Page 81 and 82: 80 University of Guelph, Ontario, C
- Page 83 and 84: 82 Noren S.R., M.S. Udevitz, and C.
- Page 85 and 86: 84 Phillipa, J.D.W., F.A. Leighton,
- Page 87 and 88: 86 Shitova M., M. Babushkin, A. Bol
- Page 89 and 90: 88 Swenson, J.E., A. Bjørge, K. Ko
- Page 91 and 92: 90 Witting, L. and E. Born. 2014. P
- Page 93 and 94: 92 Figure 2. Atlantic walruses in F
- Page 95 and 96: Figure 4. Map of Atlantic walrus po
- Page 97 and 98: TABLES Table 1. Assessment of Atlan
- Page 99 and 100: 98 Population 1 Stock or area 2 Sto
- Page 101 and 102: 100 Table 2. Assessment of Pacific
- Page 103 and 104: 102 Table 3. Conservation status of
- Page 105 and 106: 104 Table 4. Summary of primary wal
- Page 107 and 108: 106 Country Subspecies Hunt managem
- Page 109 and 110: 108 Country Subspecies Hunt managem
- Page 111 and 112: 110 Country Subspecies Hunt managem
- Page 113 and 114: 112 Subspecies Population 1 Knowled
- Page 115: 114 Subspecies Population 1 Knowled