The State of Circumpolar Walrus Populations

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69 Buchanan, F.C., L.D. Maiers, T.D. Thue, B.G.E. de March, and R.E.A. Stewart. 1998. Microsatellites from the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus. Mol. Ecol. 7: 1083–1090. Burek, K.A., F.M.D. Gulland, and T.M. O’Hara. 2008. Effects of climate change on Arctic marine mammal health. Ecol. Appl. 18(2) Suppl.: S126-S134. Burn, D.M., M.A. Webber, and M.S. Udevitz. 2006. Application of airborne thermal imagery to surveys of Pacific walrus. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 34: 51-58. Burn, D., M.S. Udevitz, S.G. Speckman, and R.B. Benter. 2009. An improved procedure for detection and enumeration of walrus signatures in airborne thermal imagery. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 11: 324-333. Bychkov, V.A. 1973a. Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus L., 1758, Novaya Zemlya population. In Proceedings of a working meeting of seal specialists on threatened and depleted seals of the World, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1110 Morges, Switzerland. (i.e., IUCN Publ. New Ser. Suppl. Paper 39: 56-58.) Bychkov, V.A. 1973b. The Laptev walrus (Odobenus rosmarus laptevi Chapskii, 1940). In Proceedings of a working meeting of seal specialists on threatened and depleted seals of the World, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1110 Morges, Switzerland. (i.e., IUCN Publ. New Ser. Suppl. Paper 39: 54-55.) Caldwell, S. 2013. Disaster declared for subsistence walrus hunt on St. Lawrence Island. Alaska Dispatch News, 2 September 2013. [http://www.alaskadispatch.com/article/20130902/disasterdeclared-subsistence-walrus-hunt-st-lawrence-island] Calle, P.P., D.J. Seagars, C. McClave, D. Senne, C. House, and J.A. House. 2002. Viral and bacterial serology of free-ranging Pacific walrus. J. Wildl. Dis. 38: 93-100. Canada, Privy Council. 1928. Order in Council P.C. 1036 of June 20, 1928. Canada Gazette Vol. 61, No. 53, 30 June 1928, p. 4227. Canada, Privy Council .1931. Order in Council P.C. 1543 [correction] of July 6, 1931. Canada Gazette Vol. 65, No. 3, 18 July 1931, p. 146. Canada, Privy Council. 1980. Order in Council P.C. 1980 -1216 of May 8, 1980. SOR/80-338. Canada Gazette Part II, Vol. 114, No. 10, 28 May 1980, pp. 1860-1862. CBC. 2014. Walruses forced ashore en masse as sea ice melts. The Associated Press Posted: Oct 01, 2014 10:10 AM ET Last Updated: Oct 01, 2014 10:24 AM ET. [http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/walruses-forced-ashore-en-masse-as-sea-ice-melts-1.2783672]. Chan, F.T., J.E. Bronnenhuber, J.N. Bradie, K. Howland, N. Simard, and S.A. Bailey. 2012. Risk assessment for ship-mediated introductions of aquatic nonindigenous species to the Canadian Arctic. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2011/105. vi + 93 p. Chapsky, K.K. 1936. Walrus of the Kara Sea. Transactions of the Arctic Institute (Leningrad) 67: 1–124. [Excerpts on morphology, growth, and reproduction translated from the Russian by T. Halpert- Scanderbeg and incorporated into the original English summary by F.H. Fay, December, 1953. 34 typed MS pages] [Chapskii.1936.WalrusOfKaraSea.TransArcticInstituteLeningrad.pdf]
70 Chernook, V.I., C. Lydersen, D,M, Glazov, I.S Trukhanova, and K.M. Kovacs. 2012. Aerial survey of Alantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the Pechora Sea, August 2011. Marine mammals of the Holarctic. Collected scientific works from the 7th international conference, 24–28 September 2012, Suzdal, Russia. Volume 2: 366-369. Chernook, V.I., B.A. Solovyov, A.N. Vasiliev, A.A. Solodov, A.A., and Y. Zemlyamskaya. 2014. Aerial survey results for marine mammals in coastal waters of the Kara Sea in August 2013, pp. 88-89 in Marine mammals of the Holarctic. Collected summaries of the 8th international conference. Saint Petersburg, 22–27 September 2014, Saint Petersburg, Russia. Cherry, S.G., A.E. Derocher, G.W. Thiemann, and N.J. Lunn. 2013. Migration phenology and seasonal fidelity of an Arctic marine predator in relation to sea ice dynamics. J. Anim. Ecol. 82: 912–921. Chivers, S.J. 1999. Biological indices for monitoring population status of walruses evaluated with an individual-based model. Pages 239-247 in: G.W. Garner, S.C. Amstrup, J.L. Laake, B.F.J. Manly, L.L. McDonald, and D.G. Robertson (eds.), Marine Mammal Survey and Assessment Methods. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. Christensen, T., K. Falk, T. Boye, F. Ugarte, D. Boertmann, and A. Mosbech. 2012. Identifikation af sårbare marine områder i den grønlandske/danske del af Arktis. Aarhus Universitet, DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi. 72 pp. [Scientific Report from DCE – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy no. 43; Danish with English summary] Christiansen, J.S., C.W. Mecklenburg, and O.V. Karamushko. 2014. Arctic marine fishes and their fisheries in light of global change. Global Change Biol. 20: 352–359, doi: 10.1111/gcb.12395. Collins, M., R. Knutti, J. Arblaster, K. Caldeira, J.-L. Dufresne, T. Fichefet, P. Friedlingstein, X. Gao et al. 2013. Chapter 12: Long-term climate change: projections, commitments and irreversibility. Pages 1045-1047 in: IPCC WGI Fifth Assessment Report. Comiso, J.C. 2012. Large decadal decline of the Arctic multiyear ice cover. J. Climate 25: 1176–1193. COSEWIC. 2006. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa, ix + 65 pp. COSEWIC. In review. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. Council of Europe. 1979. Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats [Bern Convention]. European Treaty Series No. 104: 10 pp. + 4 Appendices. [http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/104] Crowe, K.J. 1969. A cultural geography of northern Foxe Basin. Northern Science Research Group: Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (NSRG) 69–2: xii + 130 p. Currie, R.D. 1963. Western Ungava area economic survey. Canada Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, Area Economic Survey Report 62–2: 103 pp.
Page 1 and 2:
REPORT © Mikhail Cherkasov / WWF-R
Page 3 and 4:
2 ABSTRACT The walrus (Odobenus ros
Page 5 and 6:
4 PURPOSE AND SCOPE The WWF Arctic
Page 7 and 8:
6 beginning ca. 50,000 yBP that lim
Page 9 and 10:
8 Walruses from the Foxe Basin stoc
Page 11 and 12:
10 al. 2003). These differences coi
Page 13 and 14:
12 under favourable environmental c
Page 15 and 16:
14 appeared to be male. Crude measu
Page 17 and 18:
16 comparable data for proper asses
Page 19 and 20: 18 (Fay 1982). The walruses that ar
Page 21 and 22: 20 A joint U.S.-Russia survey, with
Page 23 and 24: 22 for the conservation of walruses
Page 25 and 26: 24 provisions for walrus protection
Page 27 and 28: 26 northwestern and northeastern Gr
Page 29 and 30: 28 Franz Josef Land was discovered
Page 31 and 32: 30 USFWS 2014). The population is c
Page 33 and 34: 32 they return from hunting trips (
Page 35 and 36: 34 The USFWS has also developed gui
Page 37 and 38: 36 how many walruses are represente
Page 39 and 40: 38 (www.iucn.org/about/). The IUCN
Page 41 and 42: 40 Atlantic Walruses In Canada, the
Page 43 and 44: 42 Pacific walruses The primary sou
Page 45 and 46: 44 Foxe Basin (BIMC 2012). It has b
Page 47 and 48: 46 define shipping channels, season
Page 49 and 50: 48 Alaska may be a successful manag
Page 51 and 52: 50 of the population (Born et al. 1
Page 53 and 54: 52 In the Bering and Chukchi seas,
Page 55 and 56: 54 Garlich-Miller et al. (2011) ass
Page 57 and 58: 56 Hamilton et al. (2014) assessed
Page 59 and 60: 58 Canadian High Arctic - Northwest
Page 61 and 62: 60 2014a, b; Lindqvist et al. 2016)
Page 63 and 64: 62 reproduction and survival rates,
Page 65 and 66: 64 Jurisdictions with walrus popula
Page 67 and 68: 66 REFERENCES Allen, J.A. 1880. His
Page 69: 68 Boertmann, D., A. Mosbech, D. Sc
Page 73 and 74: 72 Durner, G.M., D.C. Douglas, R.M.
Page 75 and 76: 74 Galicia, M.P., G.W. Thiemann, M.
Page 77 and 78: 76 Environmental Ltd., Edmonton AB
Page 79 and 80: 78 Collection of scientific papers
Page 81 and 82: 80 University of Guelph, Ontario, C
Page 83 and 84: 82 Noren S.R., M.S. Udevitz, and C.
Page 85 and 86: 84 Phillipa, J.D.W., F.A. Leighton,
Page 87 and 88: 86 Shitova M., M. Babushkin, A. Bol
Page 89 and 90: 88 Swenson, J.E., A. Bjørge, K. Ko
Page 91 and 92: 90 Witting, L. and E. Born. 2014. P
Page 93 and 94: 92 Figure 2. Atlantic walruses in F
Page 95 and 96: Figure 4. Map of Atlantic walrus po
Page 97 and 98: TABLES Table 1. Assessment of Atlan
Page 99 and 100: 98 Population 1 Stock or area 2 Sto
Page 101 and 102: 100 Table 2. Assessment of Pacific
Page 103 and 104: 102 Table 3. Conservation status of
Page 105 and 106: 104 Table 4. Summary of primary wal
Page 107 and 108: 106 Country Subspecies Hunt managem
Page 113 and 114: 112 Subspecies Population 1 Knowled
Page 115: 114 Subspecies Population 1 Knowled
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The State of Circumpolar Walrus Populations

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