The State of Circumpolar Walrus Populations

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91 FIGURES Figure 1. Approximate current distribution <strong>of</strong> Atlantic (red polygons) and Pacific (blue polygons) walruses (data from Gjertz and Wiig 1994; Born et al. 1995; Witting and Born 2005; COSEWIC 2006; Lowry et al. 2008; Stewart 2008; Boltunov et al. 2010; Garlich-Miller et al. 2011; LGL Limited and North/South Consultants Inc. 2011; Lydersen et al. 2012; Elliot et al. 2013; Heide- Jørgensen et al. 2013, 2014; Andersen et al. 2014; Dietz et al. 2014; Kovacs et al. 2014; D.B. Stewart et al. 2014b; and M. Puhova, WWF Russia, pers. comm.). FJL = Franz Josef Land; NZ = Novaya Zemlya.
92 Figure 2. Atlantic walruses in Foxe Basin, Canada, hauled out on drifting pack ice in July 2007, and on a rocky haulout in 2010 (Photo credits: upper J.W. Higdon, lower R.E.A. Stewart).
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REPORT © Mikhail Cherkasov / WWF-R
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2 ABSTRACT The walrus (Odobenus ros
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4 PURPOSE AND SCOPE The WWF Arctic
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6 beginning ca. 50,000 yBP that lim
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8 Walruses from the Foxe Basin stoc
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10 al. 2003). These differences coi
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12 under favourable environmental c
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14 appeared to be male. Crude measu
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16 comparable data for proper asses
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18 (Fay 1982). The walruses that ar
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20 A joint U.S.-Russia survey, with
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22 for the conservation of walruses
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24 provisions for walrus protection
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26 northwestern and northeastern Gr
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28 Franz Josef Land was discovered
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30 USFWS 2014). The population is c
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32 they return from hunting trips (
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34 The USFWS has also developed gui
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36 how many walruses are represente
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38 (www.iucn.org/about/). The IUCN
Page 41 and 42: 40 Atlantic Walruses In Canada, the
Page 43 and 44: 42 Pacific walruses The primary sou
Page 45 and 46: 44 Foxe Basin (BIMC 2012). It has b
Page 47 and 48: 46 define shipping channels, season
Page 49 and 50: 48 Alaska may be a successful manag
Page 51 and 52: 50 of the population (Born et al. 1
Page 53 and 54: 52 In the Bering and Chukchi seas,
Page 55 and 56: 54 Garlich-Miller et al. (2011) ass
Page 57 and 58: 56 Hamilton et al. (2014) assessed
Page 59 and 60: 58 Canadian High Arctic - Northwest
Page 61 and 62: 60 2014a, b; Lindqvist et al. 2016)
Page 63 and 64: 62 reproduction and survival rates,
Page 65 and 66: 64 Jurisdictions with walrus popula
Page 67 and 68: 66 REFERENCES Allen, J.A. 1880. His
Page 69 and 70: 68 Boertmann, D., A. Mosbech, D. Sc
Page 71 and 72: 70 Chernook, V.I., C. Lydersen, D,M
Page 73 and 74: 72 Durner, G.M., D.C. Douglas, R.M.
Page 75 and 76: 74 Galicia, M.P., G.W. Thiemann, M.
Page 77 and 78: 76 Environmental Ltd., Edmonton AB
Page 79 and 80: 78 Collection of scientific papers
Page 81 and 82: 80 University of Guelph, Ontario, C
Page 83 and 84: 82 Noren S.R., M.S. Udevitz, and C.
Page 85 and 86: 84 Phillipa, J.D.W., F.A. Leighton,
Page 87 and 88: 86 Shitova M., M. Babushkin, A. Bol
Page 89 and 90: 88 Swenson, J.E., A. Bjørge, K. Ko
Page 91: 90 Witting, L. and E. Born. 2014. P
Page 95 and 96: Figure 4. Map of Atlantic walrus po
Page 97 and 98: TABLES Table 1. Assessment of Atlan
Page 99 and 100: 98 Population 1 Stock or area 2 Sto
Page 101 and 102: 100 Table 2. Assessment of Pacific
Page 103 and 104: 102 Table 3. Conservation status of
Page 105 and 106: 104 Table 4. Summary of primary wal
Page 107 and 108: 106 Country Subspecies Hunt managem
Page 113 and 114: 112 Subspecies Population 1 Knowled
Page 115: 114 Subspecies Population 1 Knowled
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The State of Circumpolar Walrus Populations

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