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Agony and Ecstasy

A comparative study of the five hindrances, together with the five states of concentration or mental absorption.

A comparative study of the five hindrances, together with the five states of concentration or mental absorption.

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47<br />

Although the hindrance of sensual desire (kāmacch<strong>and</strong>a) is foremost,<br />

due to its pervading passion, yet it is perplexity (vicikicchā)<br />

which has to be overcome even before the lust <strong>and</strong> hate of the senses.<br />

And that is the effect of this first stage of absorption (jhāna) in<br />

the ecstasy of intellectual satisfaction through discursive thinking.<br />

Knowing the nature of the hindrance of perplexity (vicikicchā) <strong>and</strong><br />

the strength of speculative thought (vitakka) in counteracting this<br />

undesirable state of indecision, it is in the heat of argumentation<br />

that the mind becomes absorbed in its own reasoning process of<br />

logical thinking, through advancing <strong>and</strong> maintaining a proposition,<br />

leading to the demonstration or the proof thereof. Such proposition<br />

to be maintained is posited in advance <strong>and</strong> is therefore called<br />

a thesis; <strong>and</strong> with methodical reasoning the arguments are induced<br />

to prove what has been stated.<br />

Now, what does all this mean psychologically? A statement is<br />

made, a statement is argued, a statement is proved. The statement<br />

has obviously some value, mostly psychological, as it is not just a<br />

passing thought or observation. It has value, not in itself perhaps,<br />

but for those who want to argue the case to obtain maximum assurance.<br />

That is the whole point of arguing: to prove that something<br />

which is highly valued is also right <strong>and</strong> true.<br />

Thus, one can argue about the wrongs <strong>and</strong> rights of smoking.<br />

But the psychological fact underlying the argumentation is that one<br />

wants to smoke for some sort of satisfaction, taste or prestige, <strong>and</strong><br />

at the same time wants to give up smoking for reasons of health<br />

or economy. Not knowing the real reasons, one searches for good<br />

reasons in argument. And as one knows in advance what is wanted<br />

(the thesis), it should never be too difficult to find good reasons<br />

for getting it. But the real reason for argumentation is to provide<br />

for one’s own satisfaction good <strong>and</strong> sufficient reasons or excuses for<br />

doing what one wants to do, for getting what one wants to get,<br />

whether these are metaphysical proofs for the existence of God,<br />

the beginning of creation, the continuation of Samsaric evolution,

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