More documents

Recommendations

Info

Measurement of Costs and Benefits in “Constant Dollars” ........................................................................ II-9 Uncertainty in Transportation Investment Modeling ............................................................................... II-10 Chapter 7: Potential Capital Investment Impacts ....................................................................................... 7-1 Potential Highway Capital Investment Impacts ..................................................................................................... 7-2 Types of Capital Spending Projected by HERS and NBIAS ........................................................................... 7-2 Treatment of Traffic Growth ....................................................................................................................... 7-4 Alternative Levels of Future Capital Investment Analyzed ......................................................................... 7-6 Highway Economic Requirements System .................................................................................................. 7-6 Operations Strategies ........................................................................................................................... 7-7 Travel Demand Elasticity ...................................................................................................................... 7-8 Impacts of Federal-Aid Highway Investments Modeled by HERS ............................................................... 7-9 Selection of Investment Levels for Analysis ......................................................................................... 7-9 Investment Levels and BCRs by Funding Period ................................................................................. 7-11 Impact of Future Investment on Highway Pavement Ride Quality .................................................... 7-13 Impact of Future Investment on Highway Operational Performance ................................................ 7-14 Impact of Future Investment on Highway User Costs ........................................................................ 7-16 Impact of Future Investment on Future VMT .................................................................................... 7-20 Impacts of NHS Investments Modeled by HERS ........................................................................................ 7-22 Impact of Future Investment on NHS User Costs and VMT ............................................................... 7-22 Impact of Future Investment on NHS Travel Times and Travel Time Costs ....................................... 7-23 Impact of Future Investment on NHS Pavement Ride Quality ........................................................... 7-25 Impacts of Interstate System Investments Modeled by HERS .................................................................. 7-26 Impact of Future Investment on Interstate User Costs and VMT ...................................................... 7-27 Impact of Future Investment on Interstate System Travel Times and Travel Costs .......................... 7-28 Impact of Future Investment on Interstate Pavement Ride Quality .................................................. 7-29 National Bridge Investment Analysis System ............................................................................................ 7-31 Performance Measures ...................................................................................................................... 7-32 Impacts of Systemwide Investments Modeled by NBIAS .......................................................................... 7-33 Impacts of Federal-Aid Highway Investments Modeled by NBIAS ............................................................ 7-35 Impacts of NHS Investments Modeled by NBIAS ...................................................................................... 7-36 Impacts of Interstate Investments Modeled by NBIAS ............................................................................. 7-37 Potential Transit Capital Investment Impacts ...................................................................................................... 7-39 Types of Capital Spending Projected by TERM .......................................................................................... 7-39 Preservation Investments .................................................................................................................. 7-39 Expansion Investments ...................................................................................................................... 7-40 Recent Investment in Transit Preservation and Expansion ................................................................ 7-41 Impacts of Systemwide Investments Modeled by TERM .......................................................................... 7-42 Impact of Preservation Investments on Transit Backlog and Conditions ........................................... 7-42 Expansion Investments and Transit Ridership ................................................................................... 7-46 Impacts of Urbanized Area Investments Modeled by TERM ..................................................................... 7-48 viii Table of Contents
Urbanized Areas Over 1 Million in Population .................................................................................... 7-48 Other Urbanized and Rural Areas ....................................................................................................... 7-51 Chapter 8: Selected Capital Investment Scenarios ...................................................................................... 8-1 Selected Highway Capital Investment Scenarios .................................................................................................... 8-2 Scenarios Selected for Analysis .................................................................................................................... 8-2 Scenario Derivation and Associated Spending Levels .................................................................................. 8-4 Highway and Bridge Investment Backlog ...................................................................................................... v8 Scenario Spending Patterns and Conditions and Performance Projections ................................................ 8-9 Systemwide Scenarios .......................................................................................................................... 8-9 Federal-Aid Highway Scenarios ........................................................................................................... 8-11 Scenarios for the National Highway System and the Interstate System............................................. 8-15 Selected Transit Capital Investment Scenarios ..................................................................................................... 8-18 Sustain 2012 Spending Scenario ................................................................................................................ 8-20 Preservation Investments ................................................................................................................... 8-22 Expansion Investments ....................................................................................................................... 8-24 State of Good Repair Benchmark ............................................................................................................... 8-26 SGR Investment Needs........................................................................................................................ 8-27 Impact on the Investment Backlog ..................................................................................................... 8-27 Impact on Conditions .......................................................................................................................... 8-28 Low-Growth and High-Growth Scenarios .................................................................................................. 8-28 Low- and High-Growth Assumptions .................................................................................................. 8-29 Low- and High-Growth Scenario Needs .............................................................................................. 8-30 Impact on Conditions and Performance ............................................................................................. 8-31 Scenario Impacts Comparison .................................................................................................................... 8-31 Scorecard Comparisons ...................................................................................................................... 8-33 Chapter 9: Supplemental Scenario Analysis................................................................................................ 9-1 Highway Supplemental Scenario Analysis .............................................................................................................. 9-2 Comparison of Scenarios with Previous Reports ......................................................................................... 9-2 Comparison With 2013 C&P Report ..................................................................................................... 9-2 Comparisons of Implied Funding Gaps ................................................................................................. 9-4 Highway Travel Demand Forecasts .............................................................................................................. 9-5 New National VMT Forecasting Model ................................................................................................. 9-6 Comparison of FHWA-Modeled Forecasts and HPMS Forecasts .......................................................... 9-7 VMT Forecasts from Previous C&P Reports .......................................................................................... 9-8 Timing of Investment ................................................................................................................................. 9-11 Alternative Timing of Investment in HERS .......................................................................................... 9-12 Alternative Timing of Investment in NBIAS ......................................................................................... 9-14 Accounting for Inflation ............................................................................................................................. 9-16 Transit Supplemental Scenario Analysis ............................................................................................................... 9-19 Table of Contents ix
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents List of Exhibits
Page 7 and 8: Roads and Bridges by Purpose ......
Page 9: Ridership .........................
Page 13 and 14: Moving Forward ....................
Page 15 and 16: List of Exhibits Highlights 2012 Ex
Page 17 and 18: Exhibit 1-9 Labor Force Participati
Page 19 and 20: Exhibit 3-18 Functionally Obsolete
Page 21 and 22: Exhibit 5-32 Transit Urban Passenge
Page 23 and 24: Exhibit 7-14 Projected 2032 Pavemen
Page 25 and 26: Exhibit 9-9 Sustain 2012 Spending S
Page 27 and 28: Exhibit C-1 Definitions of Transit
Page 29 and 30: FLTP Federal Lands Transportation P
Page 31 and 32: STRIDE Southeastern Transportation
Page 33 and 34: Report Organization This report beg
Page 35 and 36: metropolitan planning organizations
Page 37 and 38: to replace and rehabilitate existin
Page 39 and 40: investments in specific locations.
Page 41 and 42: ■ In nominal dollar terms, highwa
Page 43 and 44: Highway Safety Improved Overall, bu
Page 45 and 46: ■ The combined cost of wasted tim
Page 47 and 48: Highlights: Transit Extent of the S
Page 49 and 50: which came from passenger fares. Th
Page 51 and 52: Unlinked Passenger Trips, Passenger
Page 53 and 54: Executive Summary PART I Descriptio
Page 55 and 56: Executive Summary CHAPTER 1 Freight
Page 57 and 58: Executive Summary CHAPTER 2 System
Page 59 and 60: Executive Summary CHAPTER 3 System
Page 61 and 62:
Executive Summary CHAPTER 4 Safety:
Page 63 and 64:
Executive Summary CHAPTER 5 System
Page 65 and 66:
Executive Summary CHAPTER 6 Finance
Page 67 and 68:
activity when travelers use transit
Page 69 and 70:
Executive Summary CHAPTER 7 Potenti
Page 71 and 72:
Executive Summary CHAPTER 8 Selecte
Page 73 and 74:
Executive Summary CHAPTER 9 Supplem
Page 75 and 76:
Executive Summary CHAPTER 10 Sensit
Page 77:
Executive Summary CHAPTER 12 Transp
Page 80 and 81:
Introduction In 2014, the U.S. Depa
Page 82 and 83:
■ Safety - To achieve a significa
Page 84 and 85:
■ An NPRM for an Asset Management
Page 86 and 87:
Personal Travel The movement of peo
Page 88 and 89:
in nonvehicle travel. Nonvehicle mi
Page 90 and 91:
Exhibit 1-6 Average Annual Person M
Page 92 and 93:
As the U.S. population ages, the pe
Page 94 and 95:
On average, U.S. citizens spend 20
Page 96 and 97:
Exhibit 1-10 Regional Migration and
Page 98 and 99:
Growth in Megaregions Between 2000
Page 100 and 101:
Integrating GPS and smartphone tech
Page 102 and 103:
These households learn to adapt to
Page 104 and 105:
Transportation Demand Management (T
Page 106 and 107:
Freight Movement The economy of the
Page 108 and 109:
Exhibit 1-17 Tonnage on Highways, R
Page 110 and 111:
Exhibit 1-20 Weight of Shipments by
Page 112 and 113:
Exhibit 1-23 presents a map identif
Page 114 and 115:
Exhibit 1-27 Total U.S.-Mexico Trad
Page 116 and 117:
Challenges for Freight Transportati
Page 118 and 119:
Freight challenges are not new. The
Page 120 and 121:
Highway and Bridge System Character
Page 122 and 123:
Percentage of Total Highway Miles P
Page 124 and 125:
stabilized, Americans are beginning
Page 126 and 127:
In view of the importance of the NH
Page 128 and 129:
The National Network has remained g
Page 130 and 131:
next to office buildings or suburba
Page 132 and 133:
How are collectors defined? Collect
Page 134 and 135:
In addition to the construction of
Page 136 and 137:
in urban areas; single-unit truck t
Page 138 and 139:
The NHS encompasses all of the Inte
Page 140 and 141:
with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
Page 142 and 143:
UZA Rank Urbanized Areas (UZA) with
Page 144 and 145:
In addition to fixed-route bus syst
Page 146 and 147:
Exhibit 2-21 Transit Rail Mileage a
Page 148 and 149:
FTA for Transportation for Persons
Page 151 and 152:
chapter 3 System Conditions Highway
Page 153 and 154:
Condition data for all bridges on t
Page 155 and 156:
In 2012, approximately 66.6 percent
Page 157 and 158:
has been the share of VMT on paveme
Page 159 and 160:
low amounts of traffic, typically a
Page 161 and 162:
Bridge deficiencies by ownership ar
Page 163 and 164:
Among the individual functional cla
Page 165 and 166:
Roadway Alignment The term “roadw
Page 167 and 168:
shoulder width designed in the 1930
Page 169 and 170:
How do total bridge deficiencies di
Page 171 and 172:
Bridge replacement projects create
Page 173 and 174:
Transit System Conditions Ideally,
Page 175 and 176:
The Replacement Value of U.S. Trans
Page 177 and 178:
Exhibit 3-25 Age Distribution of Fi
Page 179 and 180:
Exhibit 3-28 Urban Transit Rail Fle
Page 181 and 182:
Other Rail Assets Assets associated
Page 183 and 184:
vans, minivans, autos, and cutaways
Page 185 and 186:
chapter 4 Safety Highway Safety ...
Page 187 and 188:
Overall Fatalities and Injuries Sta
Page 189 and 190:
The fatality rate per population wa
Page 191 and 192:
Exhibit 4-5 Fatalities by Functiona
Page 193 and 194:
To help accomplish this goal, FHWA
Page 195 and 196:
serious injuries and fatalities on
Page 197 and 198:
Roadway Departure Focus States and
Page 199 and 200:
Exhibit 4-9 Pedestrian and Other No
Page 201 and 202:
total property damage exceeding $7,
Page 203 and 204:
Transportation’s (DOT) Status of
Page 205 and 206:
ecause of a commuter rail collision
Page 207:
Exhibit 4-19 Commuter Rail Injuries
Page 210 and 211:
Highway System Performance Transpor
Page 212 and 213:
“Nonrecurring” congestion is ca
Page 214 and 215:
States. Similar to results for the
Page 216 and 217:
Exhibit 5-5 Planning Time Index for
Page 218 and 219:
congestion has risen almost 5 perce
Page 220 and 221:
travel times for intermodal locatio
Page 222 and 223:
Exhibit 5-12 Average Truck Speeds o
Page 224 and 225:
Exhibit 5-14 Top 25 Intercity Truck
Page 226 and 227:
Exhibit 5-16 Average Travel Speeds
Page 228 and 229:
sense of place; economic competitiv
Page 230 and 231:
the success of plans and projects i
Page 232 and 233:
change and extreme weather events i
Page 234 and 235:
discusses techniques for integratin
Page 236 and 237:
Gulf Coast Study The groundbreaking
Page 238 and 239:
■ bus rapid transit - previously
Page 240 and 241:
and (2) sharp drops in loads beyond
Page 242 and 243:
service that are both reasonably fr
Page 244 and 245:
light-rail and vanpool miles growin
Page 246 and 247:
an increase in capacity-equivalent
Page 248 and 249:
(up 20 percent per year), can be pa
Page 250 and 251:
Exhibit 5-34 Transit Ridership vs.
Page 252 and 253:
Highway Finance This chapter presen
Page 254 and 255:
As shown in Exhibit 6-1, all levels
Page 256 and 257:
Exhibit 6-4 Government Revenue Sour
Page 258 and 259:
Highway Expenditures Highway expend
Page 260 and 261:
dollar terms, while capital outlay
Page 262 and 263:
for example, in the period between
Page 264 and 265:
Highway Capital Outlay States provi
Page 266 and 267:
ehabilitation and 25.3 percent to e
Page 268 and 269:
Capital Outlays on the National Hig
Page 270 and 271:
the private partner’s investment
Page 272 and 273:
Transit Finance Transit funding com
Page 274 and 275:
Federal Funding Federal funding for
Page 276 and 277:
Exhibit 6-23 Urban Funding for Tran
Page 278 and 279:
locomotives, and service vehicles)
Page 280 and 281:
Fluctuations in the levels of capit
Page 282 and 283:
Exhibit 6-29 Urban Sources of Funds
Page 284 and 285:
Exhibit 6-32 2012 Urban Rail Operat
Page 286 and 287:
Based on operating costs alone, hea
Page 288 and 289:
Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) a
Page 290 and 291:
Introduction To support the develop
Page 292 and 293:
costs because of difficulties in va
Page 294 and 295:
transit investment scenarios, which
Page 296 and 297:
The models used in this report—HE
Page 298 and 299:
are taken from the 2013 update to t
Page 301 and 302:
chapter 7 Potential Capital Investm
Page 303 and 304:
Nonmodeled spending also includes t
Page 305 and 306:
match. To match the national-level
Page 307 and 308:
other pollutants. (The model uses e
Page 309 and 310:
Impacts of Federal-Aid Highway Inve
Page 311 and 312:
How large is the investment backlog
Page 313 and 314:
Impact of Future Investment on High
Page 315 and 316:
feeds the Maintain Conditions and P
Page 317 and 318:
emains at the base-year level (aver
Page 319 and 320:
Impact on Vehicle Operating Costs E
Page 321 and 322:
travel that would occur if user cos
Page 323 and 324:
Exhibit 7-9 HERS Investment Levels
Page 325 and 326:
Impact of Future Investment on NHS
Page 327 and 328:
Impact of Future Investment on Inte
Page 329 and 330:
Exhibit 7-13 Projected Changes in 2
Page 331 and 332:
2012 (95.2 percent) at the highest
Page 333 and 334:
The Percent Structurally Deficient
Page 335 and 336:
Exhibit 7-15 also indicates that th
Page 337 and 338:
Exhibit 7-17 Projected Impact of Al
Page 339 and 340:
Potential Transit Capital Investmen
Page 341 and 342:
aim of improving current service pe
Page 343 and 344:
Transit Backlog The 2010 Conditions
Page 345 and 346:
Exhibit 7-21 Impact of Preservation
Page 347 and 348:
level of expansion investment requi
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Expansion Investments Although urba
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355:
Exhibit 7-28 presents estimates of
Page 358 and 359:
Selected Highway Capital Investment
Page 360 and 361:
How do the definitions of the selec
Page 362 and 363:
when the scenario relates to mainta
Page 364 and 365:
The NBIAS-derived component represe
Page 366 and 367:
improvement type. Of importance to
Page 368 and 369:
Exhibit 8-7 Federal-Aid Highway Cap
Page 370 and 371:
Exhibit 8-9 Improve Conditions and
Page 372 and 373:
Exhibit 8-10 National Highway Syste
Page 374 and 375:
Selected Transit Capital Investment
Page 376 and 377:
■ Low and High-Growth Scenarios:
Page 378 and 379:
Exhibit 8-14 Annual Transit Capital
Page 380 and 381:
ages and types and records generate
Page 382 and 383:
equired to support continued riders
Page 384 and 385:
Exhibit 8-21 Investment Backlog: St
Page 386 and 387:
Within this new framework, the Low-
Page 388 and 389:
much of this comparison is based on
Page 390 and 391:
Expansion Impacts Although continue
Page 392 and 393:
Highway Supplemental Scenario Analy
Page 394 and 395:
The average annual investment level
Page 396 and 397:
The sensitivity analysis was conduc
Page 398 and 399:
substituting these State-supplied f
Page 400 and 401:
derived from the 2012 HPMS data bee
Page 402 and 403:
Alternative Timing of Investment in
Page 404 and 405:
The bottom panel of Exhibit 9-5 ill
Page 406 and 407:
investment timing. High bridge inve
Page 408 and 409:
Why are the investment analyses pre
Page 410 and 411:
Exhibit 9-8 Asset Condition Forecas
Page 412 and 413:
Exhibit 9-11 Low-Growth Scenario: A
Page 414 and 415:
Prior Methodology: Prior to this re
Page 416 and 417:
fuel efficiency, but this possible
Page 418 and 419:
increase in investment needs. To pr
Page 420 and 421:
Exhibit 9-21 Projection of Guideway
Page 423 and 424:
chapter 10 Sensitivity Analysis Hig
Page 425 and 426:
Alternative Economic Analysis Assum
Page 427 and 428:
the binding constraint in this scen
Page 429 and 430:
(https://www.transportation.gov/off
Page 431 and 432:
to exhaust all opportunities for im
Page 433 and 434:
ase-year capital improvement costs
Page 435 and 436:
motor fuel prices reduce the cost a
Page 437 and 438:
pavement rehabilitation and capacit
Page 439 and 440:
Transit Sensitivity Analysis This s
Page 441 and 442:
Exhibit 10-11 Impact of Increase in
Page 443 and 444:
part III Special Topics Introductio
Page 445 and 446:
chapter 11 Pedestrian and Bicycle T
Page 447 and 448:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ development pro
Page 449 and 450:
Exhibit 11-3 Bicycle and Pedestrian
Page 451 and 452:
pedestrian walkways. Pedestrian and
Page 453 and 454:
“The DOT policy is to incorporate
Page 455 and 456:
A newly formed Pedestrian and Bicyc
Page 457 and 458:
practices and principles published
Page 459 and 460:
chapter 12 Transportation Serving F
Page 461 and 462:
miles are traveled annually on the
Page 463 and 464:
urban areas, access to educational
Page 465 and 466:
oads are paved, and the rest are gr
Page 467 and 468:
those assets. In addition to this b
Page 469 and 470:
adjacent to refuge access points. A
Page 471 and 472:
Reclamation owns approximately 2,01
Page 473 and 474:
DOD contributes to the highway trus
Page 475 and 476:
for FY 2013 and FY 2014 (see Exhibi
Page 477 and 478:
the complex relationship among thes
Page 479 and 480:
part IV Recommendations for HPMS Ch
Page 481 and 482:
investment requirements. The system
Page 483 and 484:
part V Appendices Introduction ....
Page 485 and 486:
appendix A Highway Investment Analy
Page 487 and 488:
costs resulting from a highway impr
Page 489 and 490:
conventional widening is infeasible
Page 491 and 492:
■ For Portland cement concrete su
Page 493 and 494:
■ emergency service providers (su
Page 495 and 496:
A-3 indicate that bus drivers’ tr
Page 497 and 498:
Distribution of Vehicle Use by Purp
Page 499 and 500:
Exhibit A-5 Shares of Business and
Page 501 and 502:
employees’ eligibility to use com
Page 503 and 504:
Report, three- and four-axle trucks
Page 505 and 506:
HERS uses these estimates of CO2 em
Page 507 and 508:
■ Arterial Management Adaptive T
Page 509 and 510:
Exhibit A-9 Impacts of Operations S
Page 511 and 512:
study and are not considered adequa
Page 513:
9 http://www.apta.com/resources/sta
Page 516 and 517:
Bridge Investment Analysis Methodol
Page 518 and 519:
e identified if a user-specified re
Page 520 and 521:
estimated backlog of bridge needs,
Page 523 and 524:
appendix C Transit Investment Analy
Page 525 and 526:
The asset inventory data are derive
Page 527 and 528:
Note that this feature is not used
Page 529 and 530:
TERM’s estimates for capital expa
Page 531 and 532:
Exhibit C-5 Assets in Marginal or P
Page 533 and 534:
The specific calculations used by t
Page 535:
Investment Benefits TERM’s B/C mo
Page 538 and 539:
Reimagining the C&P Report Over the
Page 540 and 541:
Other methodologies that could be s
Page 542:
of expression to guide users to con
show all

Table of Contents

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?