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Abbreviations AADT average annual daily traffic AADTT average annual daily truck traffic AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACS American Community Survey ADA Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ADT annual daily traffic; average daily traffic AEO Annual Energy Outlook APTA American Public Transportation Association ATM Active Traffic Management ATRI American Transportation Research Institute B/C benefit-cost BCA benefit-cost analysis BCR benefit-cost ratio BIA U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs BLM Bureau of Land Management BLS U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics BPI Bid Price Index BTS U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics C&P Conditions and Performance CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy CCSP Climate Change Scenario Planning Project, Central New Mexico CFR Code of Federal Regulations CMAQ Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality CMIP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project CO 2 carbon dioxide CPI Consumer Price Index CRFC Critical Rural Freight Corridor CSS Context Sensitive Solutions CUFC Critical Urban Freight Corridor DO directly operated DOD Department of Defense DOI Department of the Interior DOT Department of Transportation DR demand response DRM directional route mile EDC Every Day Counts EERPAT Energy and Emissions Reduction Policy Analysis Tool EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAF Freight Analysis Framework FARS Fatality Analysis Reporting System FAST Act Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act FH Forest Highways FHWA Federal Highway Administration FLHP Federal Lands Highway Program FLMA Federal Land Management Agency xxvi Abbreviations
FLTP Federal Lands Transportation Program FLTTP Federal Lands and Tribal Transportation Program FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FMEI Freight Movement Efficiency Index FPM freight performance measures FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration FWS Fish and Wildlife Service FY fiscal year GARVEE Grant Anticipation Revenue Vehicle GDP gross domestic product GHG greenhouse gas GIS geographic information system GPS global positioning system GRS-IBS geosynthetic reinforced soil-integrated bridge system HERS Highway Economic Requirements System HOT high occupancy toll HOV high occupancy vehicle HPMS Highway Performance Monitoring System HPMS-AP HPMS Analytical Process HR heavy rail HSIP Highway Safety Improvement Program HSM Highway Safety Manual HTF Highway Trust Fund ICE Infrastructure Carbon Estimator INVEST Infrastructure Voluntary Evaluation Sustainability Tool IRI International Roughness Index IRR Indian Reservation Roads ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers ITS intelligent transportation system KACTS Kittery Area Comprehensive Transportation System LAI Location Affordability Index LR light rail LRTP Long Range Transportation Plans LTPP Long-Term Pavement Performance MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act MB motorbus MCDM multi-criteria decision method MEPDG Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide MFN Multimodal Freight Network MIRE Model Inventory of Roadway Elements MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator mpg miles per gallon MPO metropolitan planning organization MR&R maintenance, repair, and replacement; maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation MRCOG Mid Region Council of Governments MTA Mass Transit Account NBE National Bridge Element NBI National Bridge Inventory Abbreviations xxvii
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents List of Exhibits
Page 7 and 8: Roads and Bridges by Purpose ......
Page 9 and 10: Ridership .........................
Page 11 and 12: Urbanized Areas Over 1 Million in P
Page 13 and 14: Moving Forward ....................
Page 15 and 16: List of Exhibits Highlights 2012 Ex
Page 17 and 18: Exhibit 1-9 Labor Force Participati
Page 19 and 20: Exhibit 3-18 Functionally Obsolete
Page 21 and 22: Exhibit 5-32 Transit Urban Passenge
Page 23 and 24: Exhibit 7-14 Projected 2032 Pavemen
Page 25 and 26: Exhibit 9-9 Sustain 2012 Spending S
Page 27: Exhibit C-1 Definitions of Transit
Page 31 and 32: STRIDE Southeastern Transportation
Page 33 and 34: Report Organization This report beg
Page 35 and 36: metropolitan planning organizations
Page 37 and 38: to replace and rehabilitate existin
Page 39 and 40: investments in specific locations.
Page 41 and 42: ■ In nominal dollar terms, highwa
Page 43 and 44: Highway Safety Improved Overall, bu
Page 45 and 46: ■ The combined cost of wasted tim
Page 47 and 48: Highlights: Transit Extent of the S
Page 49 and 50: which came from passenger fares. Th
Page 51 and 52: Unlinked Passenger Trips, Passenger
Page 53 and 54: Executive Summary PART I Descriptio
Page 55 and 56: Executive Summary CHAPTER 1 Freight
Page 57 and 58: Executive Summary CHAPTER 2 System
Page 61 and 62: Executive Summary CHAPTER 4 Safety:
Page 65 and 66: Executive Summary CHAPTER 6 Finance
Page 67 and 68: activity when travelers use transit
Page 69 and 70: Executive Summary CHAPTER 7 Potenti
Page 71 and 72: Executive Summary CHAPTER 8 Selecte
Page 73 and 74: Executive Summary CHAPTER 9 Supplem
Page 75 and 76: Executive Summary CHAPTER 10 Sensit
Page 77: Executive Summary CHAPTER 12 Transp
Page 80 and 81:
Introduction In 2014, the U.S. Depa
Page 82 and 83:
■ Safety - To achieve a significa
Page 84 and 85:
■ An NPRM for an Asset Management
Page 86 and 87:
Personal Travel The movement of peo
Page 88 and 89:
in nonvehicle travel. Nonvehicle mi
Page 90 and 91:
Exhibit 1-6 Average Annual Person M
Page 92 and 93:
As the U.S. population ages, the pe
Page 94 and 95:
On average, U.S. citizens spend 20
Page 96 and 97:
Exhibit 1-10 Regional Migration and
Page 98 and 99:
Growth in Megaregions Between 2000
Page 100 and 101:
Integrating GPS and smartphone tech
Page 102 and 103:
These households learn to adapt to
Page 104 and 105:
Transportation Demand Management (T
Page 106 and 107:
Freight Movement The economy of the
Page 108 and 109:
Exhibit 1-17 Tonnage on Highways, R
Page 110 and 111:
Exhibit 1-20 Weight of Shipments by
Page 112 and 113:
Exhibit 1-23 presents a map identif
Page 114 and 115:
Exhibit 1-27 Total U.S.-Mexico Trad
Page 116 and 117:
Challenges for Freight Transportati
Page 118 and 119:
Freight challenges are not new. The
Page 120 and 121:
Highway and Bridge System Character
Page 122 and 123:
Percentage of Total Highway Miles P
Page 124 and 125:
stabilized, Americans are beginning
Page 126 and 127:
In view of the importance of the NH
Page 128 and 129:
The National Network has remained g
Page 130 and 131:
next to office buildings or suburba
Page 132 and 133:
How are collectors defined? Collect
Page 134 and 135:
In addition to the construction of
Page 136 and 137:
in urban areas; single-unit truck t
Page 138 and 139:
The NHS encompasses all of the Inte
Page 140 and 141:
with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
Page 142 and 143:
UZA Rank Urbanized Areas (UZA) with
Page 144 and 145:
In addition to fixed-route bus syst
Page 146 and 147:
Exhibit 2-21 Transit Rail Mileage a
Page 148 and 149:
FTA for Transportation for Persons
Page 151 and 152:
chapter 3 System Conditions Highway
Page 153 and 154:
Condition data for all bridges on t
Page 155 and 156:
In 2012, approximately 66.6 percent
Page 157 and 158:
has been the share of VMT on paveme
Page 159 and 160:
low amounts of traffic, typically a
Page 161 and 162:
Bridge deficiencies by ownership ar
Page 163 and 164:
Among the individual functional cla
Page 165 and 166:
Roadway Alignment The term “roadw
Page 167 and 168:
shoulder width designed in the 1930
Page 169 and 170:
How do total bridge deficiencies di
Page 171 and 172:
Bridge replacement projects create
Page 173 and 174:
Transit System Conditions Ideally,
Page 175 and 176:
The Replacement Value of U.S. Trans
Page 177 and 178:
Exhibit 3-25 Age Distribution of Fi
Page 179 and 180:
Exhibit 3-28 Urban Transit Rail Fle
Page 181 and 182:
Other Rail Assets Assets associated
Page 183 and 184:
vans, minivans, autos, and cutaways
Page 185 and 186:
chapter 4 Safety Highway Safety ...
Page 187 and 188:
Overall Fatalities and Injuries Sta
Page 189 and 190:
The fatality rate per population wa
Page 191 and 192:
Exhibit 4-5 Fatalities by Functiona
Page 193 and 194:
To help accomplish this goal, FHWA
Page 195 and 196:
serious injuries and fatalities on
Page 197 and 198:
Roadway Departure Focus States and
Page 199 and 200:
Exhibit 4-9 Pedestrian and Other No
Page 201 and 202:
total property damage exceeding $7,
Page 203 and 204:
Transportation’s (DOT) Status of
Page 205 and 206:
ecause of a commuter rail collision
Page 207:
Exhibit 4-19 Commuter Rail Injuries
Page 210 and 211:
Highway System Performance Transpor
Page 212 and 213:
“Nonrecurring” congestion is ca
Page 214 and 215:
States. Similar to results for the
Page 216 and 217:
Exhibit 5-5 Planning Time Index for
Page 218 and 219:
congestion has risen almost 5 perce
Page 220 and 221:
travel times for intermodal locatio
Page 222 and 223:
Exhibit 5-12 Average Truck Speeds o
Page 224 and 225:
Exhibit 5-14 Top 25 Intercity Truck
Page 226 and 227:
Exhibit 5-16 Average Travel Speeds
Page 228 and 229:
sense of place; economic competitiv
Page 230 and 231:
the success of plans and projects i
Page 232 and 233:
change and extreme weather events i
Page 234 and 235:
discusses techniques for integratin
Page 236 and 237:
Gulf Coast Study The groundbreaking
Page 238 and 239:
■ bus rapid transit - previously
Page 240 and 241:
and (2) sharp drops in loads beyond
Page 242 and 243:
service that are both reasonably fr
Page 244 and 245:
light-rail and vanpool miles growin
Page 246 and 247:
an increase in capacity-equivalent
Page 248 and 249:
(up 20 percent per year), can be pa
Page 250 and 251:
Exhibit 5-34 Transit Ridership vs.
Page 252 and 253:
Highway Finance This chapter presen
Page 254 and 255:
As shown in Exhibit 6-1, all levels
Page 256 and 257:
Exhibit 6-4 Government Revenue Sour
Page 258 and 259:
Highway Expenditures Highway expend
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dollar terms, while capital outlay
Page 262 and 263:
for example, in the period between
Page 264 and 265:
Highway Capital Outlay States provi
Page 266 and 267:
ehabilitation and 25.3 percent to e
Page 268 and 269:
Capital Outlays on the National Hig
Page 270 and 271:
the private partner’s investment
Page 272 and 273:
Transit Finance Transit funding com
Page 274 and 275:
Federal Funding Federal funding for
Page 276 and 277:
Exhibit 6-23 Urban Funding for Tran
Page 278 and 279:
locomotives, and service vehicles)
Page 280 and 281:
Fluctuations in the levels of capit
Page 282 and 283:
Exhibit 6-29 Urban Sources of Funds
Page 284 and 285:
Exhibit 6-32 2012 Urban Rail Operat
Page 286 and 287:
Based on operating costs alone, hea
Page 288 and 289:
Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) a
Page 290 and 291:
Introduction To support the develop
Page 292 and 293:
costs because of difficulties in va
Page 294 and 295:
transit investment scenarios, which
Page 296 and 297:
The models used in this report—HE
Page 298 and 299:
are taken from the 2013 update to t
Page 301 and 302:
chapter 7 Potential Capital Investm
Page 303 and 304:
Nonmodeled spending also includes t
Page 305 and 306:
match. To match the national-level
Page 307 and 308:
other pollutants. (The model uses e
Page 309 and 310:
Impacts of Federal-Aid Highway Inve
Page 311 and 312:
How large is the investment backlog
Page 313 and 314:
Impact of Future Investment on High
Page 315 and 316:
feeds the Maintain Conditions and P
Page 317 and 318:
emains at the base-year level (aver
Page 319 and 320:
Impact on Vehicle Operating Costs E
Page 321 and 322:
travel that would occur if user cos
Page 323 and 324:
Exhibit 7-9 HERS Investment Levels
Page 325 and 326:
Impact of Future Investment on NHS
Page 327 and 328:
Impact of Future Investment on Inte
Page 329 and 330:
Exhibit 7-13 Projected Changes in 2
Page 331 and 332:
2012 (95.2 percent) at the highest
Page 333 and 334:
The Percent Structurally Deficient
Page 335 and 336:
Exhibit 7-15 also indicates that th
Page 337 and 338:
Exhibit 7-17 Projected Impact of Al
Page 339 and 340:
Potential Transit Capital Investmen
Page 341 and 342:
aim of improving current service pe
Page 343 and 344:
Transit Backlog The 2010 Conditions
Page 345 and 346:
Exhibit 7-21 Impact of Preservation
Page 347 and 348:
level of expansion investment requi
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Expansion Investments Although urba
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355:
Exhibit 7-28 presents estimates of
Page 358 and 359:
Selected Highway Capital Investment
Page 360 and 361:
How do the definitions of the selec
Page 362 and 363:
when the scenario relates to mainta
Page 364 and 365:
The NBIAS-derived component represe
Page 366 and 367:
improvement type. Of importance to
Page 368 and 369:
Exhibit 8-7 Federal-Aid Highway Cap
Page 370 and 371:
Exhibit 8-9 Improve Conditions and
Page 372 and 373:
Exhibit 8-10 National Highway Syste
Page 374 and 375:
Selected Transit Capital Investment
Page 376 and 377:
■ Low and High-Growth Scenarios:
Page 378 and 379:
Exhibit 8-14 Annual Transit Capital
Page 380 and 381:
ages and types and records generate
Page 382 and 383:
equired to support continued riders
Page 384 and 385:
Exhibit 8-21 Investment Backlog: St
Page 386 and 387:
Within this new framework, the Low-
Page 388 and 389:
much of this comparison is based on
Page 390 and 391:
Expansion Impacts Although continue
Page 392 and 393:
Highway Supplemental Scenario Analy
Page 394 and 395:
The average annual investment level
Page 396 and 397:
The sensitivity analysis was conduc
Page 398 and 399:
substituting these State-supplied f
Page 400 and 401:
derived from the 2012 HPMS data bee
Page 402 and 403:
Alternative Timing of Investment in
Page 404 and 405:
The bottom panel of Exhibit 9-5 ill
Page 406 and 407:
investment timing. High bridge inve
Page 408 and 409:
Why are the investment analyses pre
Page 410 and 411:
Exhibit 9-8 Asset Condition Forecas
Page 412 and 413:
Exhibit 9-11 Low-Growth Scenario: A
Page 414 and 415:
Prior Methodology: Prior to this re
Page 416 and 417:
fuel efficiency, but this possible
Page 418 and 419:
increase in investment needs. To pr
Page 420 and 421:
Exhibit 9-21 Projection of Guideway
Page 423 and 424:
chapter 10 Sensitivity Analysis Hig
Page 425 and 426:
Alternative Economic Analysis Assum
Page 427 and 428:
the binding constraint in this scen
Page 429 and 430:
(https://www.transportation.gov/off
Page 431 and 432:
to exhaust all opportunities for im
Page 433 and 434:
ase-year capital improvement costs
Page 435 and 436:
motor fuel prices reduce the cost a
Page 437 and 438:
pavement rehabilitation and capacit
Page 439 and 440:
Transit Sensitivity Analysis This s
Page 441 and 442:
Exhibit 10-11 Impact of Increase in
Page 443 and 444:
part III Special Topics Introductio
Page 445 and 446:
chapter 11 Pedestrian and Bicycle T
Page 447 and 448:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ development pro
Page 449 and 450:
Exhibit 11-3 Bicycle and Pedestrian
Page 451 and 452:
pedestrian walkways. Pedestrian and
Page 453 and 454:
“The DOT policy is to incorporate
Page 455 and 456:
A newly formed Pedestrian and Bicyc
Page 457 and 458:
practices and principles published
Page 459 and 460:
chapter 12 Transportation Serving F
Page 461 and 462:
miles are traveled annually on the
Page 463 and 464:
urban areas, access to educational
Page 465 and 466:
oads are paved, and the rest are gr
Page 467 and 468:
those assets. In addition to this b
Page 469 and 470:
adjacent to refuge access points. A
Page 471 and 472:
Reclamation owns approximately 2,01
Page 473 and 474:
DOD contributes to the highway trus
Page 475 and 476:
for FY 2013 and FY 2014 (see Exhibi
Page 477 and 478:
the complex relationship among thes
Page 479 and 480:
part IV Recommendations for HPMS Ch
Page 481 and 482:
investment requirements. The system
Page 483 and 484:
part V Appendices Introduction ....
Page 485 and 486:
appendix A Highway Investment Analy
Page 487 and 488:
costs resulting from a highway impr
Page 489 and 490:
conventional widening is infeasible
Page 491 and 492:
■ For Portland cement concrete su
Page 493 and 494:
■ emergency service providers (su
Page 495 and 496:
A-3 indicate that bus drivers’ tr
Page 497 and 498:
Distribution of Vehicle Use by Purp
Page 499 and 500:
Exhibit A-5 Shares of Business and
Page 501 and 502:
employees’ eligibility to use com
Page 503 and 504:
Report, three- and four-axle trucks
Page 505 and 506:
HERS uses these estimates of CO2 em
Page 507 and 508:
■ Arterial Management Adaptive T
Page 509 and 510:
Exhibit A-9 Impacts of Operations S
Page 511 and 512:
study and are not considered adequa
Page 513:
9 http://www.apta.com/resources/sta
Page 516 and 517:
Bridge Investment Analysis Methodol
Page 518 and 519:
e identified if a user-specified re
Page 520 and 521:
estimated backlog of bridge needs,
Page 523 and 524:
appendix C Transit Investment Analy
Page 525 and 526:
The asset inventory data are derive
Page 527 and 528:
Note that this feature is not used
Page 529 and 530:
TERM’s estimates for capital expa
Page 531 and 532:
Exhibit C-5 Assets in Marginal or P
Page 533 and 534:
The specific calculations used by t
Page 535:
Investment Benefits TERM’s B/C mo
Page 538 and 539:
Reimagining the C&P Report Over the
Page 540 and 541:
Other methodologies that could be s
Page 542:
of expression to guide users to con
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