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NBIAS National Bridge Investment Analysis System NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NFN National Freight Network NHCCI National Highway Construction Cost Index NHFN National Highway Freight Network NHPP National Highway Performance Program NHS National Highway System NHTS National Household Travel Survey NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NPMRDS National Performance Management Research Data Set NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking NPS National Park Service NTD National Transit Database OMB Office of Management and Budget P3 Public-Private Partnership PAB Private Activity Bond PBES prefabricated bridge elements and systems PFN Primary Freight Network PHFS Primary Highway Freight System PLDR&T public lands development roads and trails PLHD Public Lands Highway Discretionary Program PM-1 Safety Performance Measures Rule PM-10 particulate matter of 10 microns in diameter or smaller PM-2 Pavement and Bridge Performance Measures Rule PM-3 System Performance Measures Rule PMT passenger miles traveled; person miles of travel PRP park roads and parkways PSR Present Serviceability Rating; Pavement Serviceability Rating PT purchased transportation RAIRS Rail Accident/Injury Reporting System Reclamation Bureau of Reclamation Recovery Act American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ROW right-of-way RP Recommended Practice RR Refuge Roads RTP Recreational Trails Program SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users SCATS Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System SCOOT Split Cycle Offset Optimization Technique SGR state of good repair SHSP Strategic Highway Safety Plan SP System Planning SQC Synthesis, Quantity, and Condition SR State Route SRTS Safe Routes to School STAA Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 STBG Surface Transportation Block Grant STIC Small Transit Intensive Cities STP Surface Transportation Program STRAHNET Strategic Highway Network xxviii Abbreviations
STRIDE Southeastern Transportation Research, Innovation, Development and Education Center, University of Florida STURAA Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 SUV sport-utility vehicle TA Transit Alternatives TAP Transportation Alternatives Program TDM Transportation Demand Management TE Transportation Enhancement TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century TEAM Transit Electronic Award Management TERM Transit Economic Requirements Model TIFIA Transportation Infrastructure and Finance Innovation Act TMAS Traffic Monitoring Analysis System TPM Transportation Performance Management TRIP Transit in the Parks TSI Transportation Services Index U.S. United States U.S.C. United States Code UPT unlinked passenger trips USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USAGE United States Applied General Equilibrium USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USFS U.S. Forest Service UZA urbanized area V/SF volume/service flow V2I Vehicle-to-Vehicle V2V Vehicle-to-Infrastructure VAST Vulnerability Assessment Scoring Tool VII Vehicle Infrastructure Integration VIUS Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey VMS variable message signs VMT vehicle miles traveled VRM vehicle revenue mile VSL value of a statistical life; variable speed limit VT vehicle type VT1 small auto VT2 medium auto VT3 four-tire truck VT4 six-tire truck VT5a three- or four-axle truck VT5b bus VT6 four-axle combination truck VT7 five- or more axle combination truck WMA warm mix asphalt Abbreviations xxix
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents List of Exhibits
Page 7 and 8: Roads and Bridges by Purpose ......
Page 9 and 10: Ridership .........................
Page 11 and 12: Urbanized Areas Over 1 Million in P
Page 13 and 14: Moving Forward ....................
Page 15 and 16: List of Exhibits Highlights 2012 Ex
Page 17 and 18: Exhibit 1-9 Labor Force Participati
Page 19 and 20: Exhibit 3-18 Functionally Obsolete
Page 21 and 22: Exhibit 5-32 Transit Urban Passenge
Page 23 and 24: Exhibit 7-14 Projected 2032 Pavemen
Page 25 and 26: Exhibit 9-9 Sustain 2012 Spending S
Page 27 and 28: Exhibit C-1 Definitions of Transit
Page 29: FLTP Federal Lands Transportation P
Page 33 and 34: Report Organization This report beg
Page 35 and 36: metropolitan planning organizations
Page 37 and 38: to replace and rehabilitate existin
Page 39 and 40: investments in specific locations.
Page 41 and 42: ■ In nominal dollar terms, highwa
Page 43 and 44: Highway Safety Improved Overall, bu
Page 45 and 46: ■ The combined cost of wasted tim
Page 47 and 48: Highlights: Transit Extent of the S
Page 49 and 50: which came from passenger fares. Th
Page 51 and 52: Unlinked Passenger Trips, Passenger
Page 53 and 54: Executive Summary PART I Descriptio
Page 55 and 56: Executive Summary CHAPTER 1 Freight
Page 57 and 58: Executive Summary CHAPTER 2 System
Page 61 and 62: Executive Summary CHAPTER 4 Safety:
Page 65 and 66: Executive Summary CHAPTER 6 Finance
Page 67 and 68: activity when travelers use transit
Page 69 and 70: Executive Summary CHAPTER 7 Potenti
Page 71 and 72: Executive Summary CHAPTER 8 Selecte
Page 73 and 74: Executive Summary CHAPTER 9 Supplem
Page 75 and 76: Executive Summary CHAPTER 10 Sensit
Page 77: Executive Summary CHAPTER 12 Transp
Page 80 and 81:
Introduction In 2014, the U.S. Depa
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■ Safety - To achieve a significa
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■ An NPRM for an Asset Management
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Personal Travel The movement of peo
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in nonvehicle travel. Nonvehicle mi
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Exhibit 1-6 Average Annual Person M
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As the U.S. population ages, the pe
Page 94 and 95:
On average, U.S. citizens spend 20
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Exhibit 1-10 Regional Migration and
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Growth in Megaregions Between 2000
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Integrating GPS and smartphone tech
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These households learn to adapt to
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Transportation Demand Management (T
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Freight Movement The economy of the
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Exhibit 1-17 Tonnage on Highways, R
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Exhibit 1-20 Weight of Shipments by
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Exhibit 1-23 presents a map identif
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Exhibit 1-27 Total U.S.-Mexico Trad
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Challenges for Freight Transportati
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Freight challenges are not new. The
Page 120 and 121:
Highway and Bridge System Character
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Percentage of Total Highway Miles P
Page 124 and 125:
stabilized, Americans are beginning
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In view of the importance of the NH
Page 128 and 129:
The National Network has remained g
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next to office buildings or suburba
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How are collectors defined? Collect
Page 134 and 135:
In addition to the construction of
Page 136 and 137:
in urban areas; single-unit truck t
Page 138 and 139:
The NHS encompasses all of the Inte
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with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
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UZA Rank Urbanized Areas (UZA) with
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In addition to fixed-route bus syst
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Exhibit 2-21 Transit Rail Mileage a
Page 148 and 149:
FTA for Transportation for Persons
Page 151 and 152:
chapter 3 System Conditions Highway
Page 153 and 154:
Condition data for all bridges on t
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In 2012, approximately 66.6 percent
Page 157 and 158:
has been the share of VMT on paveme
Page 159 and 160:
low amounts of traffic, typically a
Page 161 and 162:
Bridge deficiencies by ownership ar
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Among the individual functional cla
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Roadway Alignment The term “roadw
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shoulder width designed in the 1930
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How do total bridge deficiencies di
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Bridge replacement projects create
Page 173 and 174:
Transit System Conditions Ideally,
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The Replacement Value of U.S. Trans
Page 177 and 178:
Exhibit 3-25 Age Distribution of Fi
Page 179 and 180:
Exhibit 3-28 Urban Transit Rail Fle
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Other Rail Assets Assets associated
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vans, minivans, autos, and cutaways
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chapter 4 Safety Highway Safety ...
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Overall Fatalities and Injuries Sta
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The fatality rate per population wa
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Exhibit 4-5 Fatalities by Functiona
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To help accomplish this goal, FHWA
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serious injuries and fatalities on
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Roadway Departure Focus States and
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Exhibit 4-9 Pedestrian and Other No
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total property damage exceeding $7,
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Transportation’s (DOT) Status of
Page 205 and 206:
ecause of a commuter rail collision
Page 207:
Exhibit 4-19 Commuter Rail Injuries
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Highway System Performance Transpor
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“Nonrecurring” congestion is ca
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States. Similar to results for the
Page 216 and 217:
Exhibit 5-5 Planning Time Index for
Page 218 and 219:
congestion has risen almost 5 perce
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travel times for intermodal locatio
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Exhibit 5-12 Average Truck Speeds o
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Exhibit 5-14 Top 25 Intercity Truck
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Exhibit 5-16 Average Travel Speeds
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sense of place; economic competitiv
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the success of plans and projects i
Page 232 and 233:
change and extreme weather events i
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discusses techniques for integratin
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Gulf Coast Study The groundbreaking
Page 238 and 239:
■ bus rapid transit - previously
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and (2) sharp drops in loads beyond
Page 242 and 243:
service that are both reasonably fr
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light-rail and vanpool miles growin
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an increase in capacity-equivalent
Page 248 and 249:
(up 20 percent per year), can be pa
Page 250 and 251:
Exhibit 5-34 Transit Ridership vs.
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Highway Finance This chapter presen
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As shown in Exhibit 6-1, all levels
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Exhibit 6-4 Government Revenue Sour
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Highway Expenditures Highway expend
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dollar terms, while capital outlay
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for example, in the period between
Page 264 and 265:
Highway Capital Outlay States provi
Page 266 and 267:
ehabilitation and 25.3 percent to e
Page 268 and 269:
Capital Outlays on the National Hig
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the private partner’s investment
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Transit Finance Transit funding com
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Federal Funding Federal funding for
Page 276 and 277:
Exhibit 6-23 Urban Funding for Tran
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locomotives, and service vehicles)
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Fluctuations in the levels of capit
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Exhibit 6-29 Urban Sources of Funds
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Exhibit 6-32 2012 Urban Rail Operat
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Based on operating costs alone, hea
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Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) a
Page 290 and 291:
Introduction To support the develop
Page 292 and 293:
costs because of difficulties in va
Page 294 and 295:
transit investment scenarios, which
Page 296 and 297:
The models used in this report—HE
Page 298 and 299:
are taken from the 2013 update to t
Page 301 and 302:
chapter 7 Potential Capital Investm
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Nonmodeled spending also includes t
Page 305 and 306:
match. To match the national-level
Page 307 and 308:
other pollutants. (The model uses e
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Impacts of Federal-Aid Highway Inve
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How large is the investment backlog
Page 313 and 314:
Impact of Future Investment on High
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feeds the Maintain Conditions and P
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emains at the base-year level (aver
Page 319 and 320:
Impact on Vehicle Operating Costs E
Page 321 and 322:
travel that would occur if user cos
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Exhibit 7-9 HERS Investment Levels
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Impact of Future Investment on NHS
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Impact of Future Investment on Inte
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Exhibit 7-13 Projected Changes in 2
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2012 (95.2 percent) at the highest
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The Percent Structurally Deficient
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Exhibit 7-15 also indicates that th
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Exhibit 7-17 Projected Impact of Al
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Potential Transit Capital Investmen
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aim of improving current service pe
Page 343 and 344:
Transit Backlog The 2010 Conditions
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Exhibit 7-21 Impact of Preservation
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level of expansion investment requi
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Page 351 and 352:
Expansion Investments Although urba
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355:
Exhibit 7-28 presents estimates of
Page 358 and 359:
Selected Highway Capital Investment
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How do the definitions of the selec
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when the scenario relates to mainta
Page 364 and 365:
The NBIAS-derived component represe
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improvement type. Of importance to
Page 368 and 369:
Exhibit 8-7 Federal-Aid Highway Cap
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Exhibit 8-9 Improve Conditions and
Page 372 and 373:
Exhibit 8-10 National Highway Syste
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Selected Transit Capital Investment
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■ Low and High-Growth Scenarios:
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Exhibit 8-14 Annual Transit Capital
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ages and types and records generate
Page 382 and 383:
equired to support continued riders
Page 384 and 385:
Exhibit 8-21 Investment Backlog: St
Page 386 and 387:
Within this new framework, the Low-
Page 388 and 389:
much of this comparison is based on
Page 390 and 391:
Expansion Impacts Although continue
Page 392 and 393:
Highway Supplemental Scenario Analy
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The average annual investment level
Page 396 and 397:
The sensitivity analysis was conduc
Page 398 and 399:
substituting these State-supplied f
Page 400 and 401:
derived from the 2012 HPMS data bee
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Alternative Timing of Investment in
Page 404 and 405:
The bottom panel of Exhibit 9-5 ill
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investment timing. High bridge inve
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Why are the investment analyses pre
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Exhibit 9-8 Asset Condition Forecas
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Exhibit 9-11 Low-Growth Scenario: A
Page 414 and 415:
Prior Methodology: Prior to this re
Page 416 and 417:
fuel efficiency, but this possible
Page 418 and 419:
increase in investment needs. To pr
Page 420 and 421:
Exhibit 9-21 Projection of Guideway
Page 423 and 424:
chapter 10 Sensitivity Analysis Hig
Page 425 and 426:
Alternative Economic Analysis Assum
Page 427 and 428:
the binding constraint in this scen
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(https://www.transportation.gov/off
Page 431 and 432:
to exhaust all opportunities for im
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ase-year capital improvement costs
Page 435 and 436:
motor fuel prices reduce the cost a
Page 437 and 438:
pavement rehabilitation and capacit
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Transit Sensitivity Analysis This s
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Exhibit 10-11 Impact of Increase in
Page 443 and 444:
part III Special Topics Introductio
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chapter 11 Pedestrian and Bicycle T
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ development pro
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Exhibit 11-3 Bicycle and Pedestrian
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pedestrian walkways. Pedestrian and
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“The DOT policy is to incorporate
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A newly formed Pedestrian and Bicyc
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practices and principles published
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chapter 12 Transportation Serving F
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miles are traveled annually on the
Page 463 and 464:
urban areas, access to educational
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oads are paved, and the rest are gr
Page 467 and 468:
those assets. In addition to this b
Page 469 and 470:
adjacent to refuge access points. A
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Reclamation owns approximately 2,01
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DOD contributes to the highway trus
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for FY 2013 and FY 2014 (see Exhibi
Page 477 and 478:
the complex relationship among thes
Page 479 and 480:
part IV Recommendations for HPMS Ch
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investment requirements. The system
Page 483 and 484:
part V Appendices Introduction ....
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appendix A Highway Investment Analy
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costs resulting from a highway impr
Page 489 and 490:
conventional widening is infeasible
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■ For Portland cement concrete su
Page 493 and 494:
■ emergency service providers (su
Page 495 and 496:
A-3 indicate that bus drivers’ tr
Page 497 and 498:
Distribution of Vehicle Use by Purp
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Exhibit A-5 Shares of Business and
Page 501 and 502:
employees’ eligibility to use com
Page 503 and 504:
Report, three- and four-axle trucks
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HERS uses these estimates of CO2 em
Page 507 and 508:
■ Arterial Management Adaptive T
Page 509 and 510:
Exhibit A-9 Impacts of Operations S
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study and are not considered adequa
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9 http://www.apta.com/resources/sta
Page 516 and 517:
Bridge Investment Analysis Methodol
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e identified if a user-specified re
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estimated backlog of bridge needs,
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appendix C Transit Investment Analy
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The asset inventory data are derive
Page 527 and 528:
Note that this feature is not used
Page 529 and 530:
TERM’s estimates for capital expa
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Exhibit C-5 Assets in Marginal or P
Page 533 and 534:
The specific calculations used by t
Page 535:
Investment Benefits TERM’s B/C mo
Page 538 and 539:
Reimagining the C&P Report Over the
Page 540 and 541:
Other methodologies that could be s
Page 542:
of expression to guide users to con
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