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Chapter 5 CHAPTER 5 Adapter Pattern5 What Is the Adapter Pattern? Adapt or perish, now as ever, is nature’s inexorable imperative. —H. G. Wells The presentations and conceptions of the average man of the world are formed and dominated, not by the full and pure desire for knowledge as an end in itself, but by the struggle to adapt himself favorably to the conditions of life. —Ernst Mach The basic motivation for the adapter pattern is to enable wider use of existing classes. For example, let’s assume that there’s a class that does a particular job, and does it well. We want to use this class in an application, but it just doesn’t fit all the current requirements. We may want to expand its features, or combine it with some other classes to provide additional functionality. The bottom line is that we must adapt this existing class to fit new requirements. This is what the adapter pattern does; it allows a client to use an existing class by converting its interface into one that fits a new context. The key point to remember is that the existing class isn’t modified, but an adapter class that has the right interface uses it or extends it to provide the necessary functionality. A Design Pattern for Potty Training A good example of an adapter is the toilet seat adapter used by toddlers that fits on top of a traditional toilet seat. Let’s take a look at the context. We have a legacy object that is the toilet seat, whose basic design hasn’t changed in years. It functions well for its original adult users (probably why the design hasn’t changed). Let’s look at the new context in Figure 5-1. We now need to adapt it for use by a toddler. The problem is obvious—incompatible interfaces! The legacy toilet seat was designed to 177
fit an adult’s bottom, and we now need to convert that interface to fit a toddler’s smaller bottom. We need an adapter that presents the correct interface to fit the current context. The toilet seat adapter was built to do precisely that. We get to use an existing object whose interface has been converted to one that the client expects. Existing object Toilet Figure 5-1. Toilet seat adapter How is this analogous to an adapter pattern? We have an existing object (toilet seat); a new interface it needs to conform to (a toddler’s bottom); an adapter that converts the interface (toilet seat adapter); and a new client (toddler). Let’s extend this analogy to computer code. The existing object would be analogous to an existing class that creates objects. The new interface would represent new requirements for this class. The adapter would be another class that implements the new interface by using the existing class. What would be the alternative to using an adapter in this case? We could rewrite or modify the code in the existing class to fit the new interface. This is analogous to buying one of those small potties built for toddlers (with no plumbing). I think most people would rather not have to deal with the additional cost and the disposal issue. This can be as painful as changing existing code that already works, introducing bugs, and breaking dependencies. An adapter would be a better option in both cases. Key Features of the Adapter Pattern Before considering an adapter pattern for a project, a couple conditions should exist: • An existing class that meets some of the implementation requirements, but whose interface is incompatible in the new context of use • A target interface for the new context If these conditions exist, then we can develop an adapter class that uses the existing class to implement the target interface. The new context should be thoroughly analyzed, and the new requirements defined, before thinking about implementation. In other words, we should know the desired interface before we look at existing classes 178 | Chapter 5: Adapter Pattern Adapter Toilet seat adapter Client New context
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ActionScript 3.0 Design Patterns
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ActionScript 3.0 Design Patterns Wi
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Bill would like to dedicate this to
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Example: Sprite Factory 84 Example:
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Video Player Concrete State Applica
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Who This Book Is For We wanted to d
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What You Need to Use This Book You
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and OOP. (Working out how to conver
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Safari® Enabled When you see a Saf
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Editors Our development editor, Rob
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Design patterns provide object-orie
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that program. Like pulling a string
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Built-in State Machines: while most
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Figure 1-2. Rocket drawing Center p
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Example 1-1. TestRocket.as package
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skills that would provide the concr
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Example 1-3. PlayVideoAbstract.as (
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Hiding Your Data from Bad Consequen
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Example 1-7. Encap.as (continued) }
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Wait! There’s more! Later in this
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As you can see in Example 1-9, the
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Using Encapsulation and Design Patt
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Example 1-13. QuadPets.as (continue
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Using Interfaces and Abstract Class
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interface. You’ll need an MP3 fil
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Example 1-22. Subclass.as package {
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Example 1-25. ImplementSubChange.as
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Example 1-29. Country.as (continued
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Example 1-32. IBiz.as package { pub
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Example 1-35 has further difference
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In addition to messages in the Outp
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state here is a bit more contextual
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your client dependency leads to une
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Example 1-40. VidPlayer.as (continu
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Doing Composition To understand com
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The clearest way we’ve seen compo
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Example 1-47. Mp3.as (continued) }
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Example 1-54. TestMedia.as (continu
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and ActionScript 3.0. However, the
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Figure 1-10 shows some possible fut
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introduction to OOP, you will find
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Creational Patterns Conceal creatio
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or dependency between the Client an
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The primary responsibility of the f
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The example package contains the Pr
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Example 2-5. CreatorA.as (continued
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instantiate concrete products var p
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Example 2-8. IPrintjob.as package p
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Clients Note that the client doesn
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Extended Example: Color Printing Th
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Example 2-19. NewLowVolPrintCenter.
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Key OOP Concepts Used in the Factor
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to implement default behavior commo
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Example 2-26. ShapeCreator.as packa
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draw filled shapes filledShapeCreat
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checking if the projectile has gone
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Example 2-32. AlienMine.as (continu
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Example 2-34. AlienShip.as } } } }
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Example 2-36. Weapon.as (continued)
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Concrete Creator Classes Until we e
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in teamwork, the Singleton can be u
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To create a class, we need a public
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Example 3-4. Singleton.as package {
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Figure 3-3. Compiler not finding cl
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However, does that mean that only a
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Figure 3-5. Two instance labels and
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Example 3-10. Alert.as } } { Alert.
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However, had we done that, we would
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for playing the selected tune. If i
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MP3 file in the same folder, and re
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shipping costs. It constitutes a go
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open the Convert to Symbol dialog b
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Page 150 and 151: Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 Decorator Patte
Page 152 and 153: like abstract classes, simply by no
Page 154 and 155: simple inheritance. Depending on ho
Page 156 and 157: Minimalist Abstract Decorator To ge
Page 158 and 159: eral months. Using a Decorator desi
Page 160 and 161: Example 4-5. DecConB.as package { /
Page 162 and 163: Applying a Simple Decorator Pattern
Page 164 and 165: If you want to create more concrete
Page 166 and 167: Example 4-15. Muff.as package { pub
Page 168 and 169: Figure 4-6. Paper doll with two dif
Page 170 and 171: Adding Properties and Methods Up to
Page 172 and 173: Decorating with Multiple Properties
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Page 176 and 177: Example 4-25. Compassion.as package
Page 178 and 179: Deadly sins Example 4-29. Rage.as p
Page 180 and 181: Example 4-33. Dogmatisms.as package
Page 182 and 183: class window in the Dual.fla Proper
Page 184 and 185: Example 4-37. Soul.as (continued) }
Page 186 and 187: Imagine that you are responsible fo
Page 188 and 189: Example 4-41. Accord.as (continued)
Page 190 and 191: Example 4-45. GPS.as package { publ
Page 192 and 193: Example 4-48. Deal.as 16 internal v
Page 194 and 195: Example 4-48. Deal.as 120 { 121 tra
Page 196 and 197: Figure 4-8. Decorator user interfac
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Page 202 and 203: Example 5-4. Main.as (continued) }
Page 204 and 205: Example 5-5. Adaptee.as package { p
Page 206 and 207: methods and properties to accomplis
Page 208 and 209: Example 5-9. LegacyCar.as 47 } 48 4
Page 210 and 211: ignition key of the car (assume tha
Page 212 and 213: Example 5-11. CarAdapter.as (contin
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Page 216 and 217: var listField = new TextField( ); l
Page 218 and 219: Example 5-14. ListDisplayField.as 3
Page 220 and 221: Example 5-15. Main.as (document cla
Page 222 and 223: Example 5-17. Main.as (document cla
Page 224 and 225: Summary The adapter pattern allows
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Page 234 and 235: Executing the following statements
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Page 240 and 241: Example 6-9. Playlist.as (continued
Page 242 and 243: Example 6-10. Song.as 58 soundChann
Page 244 and 245: Using Inverse Kinematics Inverse ki
Page 246 and 247: Example 6-12. Composite.as package
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Example 6-14. Main.as 23 addChild(s
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The following steps relate to Figur
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Example 6-16. Tail.as package { imp
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Note how the snake is constructed u
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Example 6-18 shows the IPlane inter
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Unlike the Shape class, Sprite does
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Figure 6-9. Hierarchical tree struc
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Modifying Components to Reflect Dam
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private function showDamage(evt:Eve
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Behavioral Patterns Class Communica
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Notice the tight coupling between t
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Each envelope encapsulates a partic
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instance is passed to the construct
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Setting a Trigger to Invoke the Com
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Example 7-7. IMacroCommand.as packa
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Example 7-12. ConcreteMacroCommand.
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Example 7-14. TextButton.as package
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Example 7-15. InvokerPanel.as (cont
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Extended Example: Sharing Command O
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changes are seamlessly spread throu
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Example 7-21. IncrementCommandWithU
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Example 7-24. Client code for undoa
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Example 7-26. TextDisplayField.as (
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Example 7-28. Radio.as 44 var url =
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Example 7-30. Client code for the p
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Example 7-31. DynamicControlButtons
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adio, very much like someone progra
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Chapter CHAPTER 8 8 Observer Patter
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introduced, adding a class as part
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of an abstract class or an interfac
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works fine. What’s more, using th
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this all work right is the use of a
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Example 8-7. ConcreteSubject.as (co
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Example 8-9. TestSub.as (continued)
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} this.news=news; this.sports=sport
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Example 8-12. ConcreteSubject.as pa
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Example 8-13. ConcreteObserver.as (
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Whoaa!, the stock market is at 2987
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Example 8-17. ConcreteSubject.as pa
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Launching the Space Battle In Examp
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5. In the Symbol editing mode, drag
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Figure 8-5. Android shooting a beam
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Example 8-19. ChangeHandler.as (con
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To make the task more manageable an
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Example 8-24. ConcreteObserver.as p
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In this application, all you’re r
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Example 8-26. QuarterBar.as (contin
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Example 8-27. QuarterGraph.as (cont
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Example 8-28. DataDesign.as (contin
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Summary The real test for a design
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to inspect. So, you’re going to n
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method. The child classes just give
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Further, discussing favoring compos
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Figure 9-3. Hollywood principle Min
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tions in the main algorithm that yo
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Example 9-4. ShedMaker.as package {
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Both instances employ the templateM
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Not-So-Concrete Concrete Classes Th
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Example 9-11. PlayVideo.as (continu
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Example 9-13. PlayMedia .as (contin
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When to Hook? The hook’s useful w
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Example 9-15. FlightPlan.as (contin
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Open a new Flash document, and type
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One application where the state pat
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tive Simulation by Jonathan Kaye an
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For example, with a two-state machi
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Example 10-2. VideoWorks.as (contin
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To complete the state machine, we n
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Example 10-7. State.as package { //
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Example 10-10. VideoWorks.as (conti
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Example 10-13. TestVid.as package {
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Example 10-13. TestVid.as (continue
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Example 10-15. StopState.as (contin
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Example 10-17. PauseState.as 22 pub
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Example 10-19. TestPause.as (contin
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Figure 10-6 shows what your video p
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Figure 10-7. Statechart with five s
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Example 10-22. PlayState.as 1 packa
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Example 10-24. RecordState.as 1 pac
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Example 10-26. VideoWorks.as (conti
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Example 10-27. TestFMS.as (continue
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Chapter CHAPTER 11 11 Strategy Patt
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say that the Context class (aggrega
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etween the context classes and the
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Example 11-3. ConcreteStrategy.as p
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Adding More Concrete Strategies and
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Example 11-9. Tricks.as (continued)
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Even though we’ve discussed some
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Example 11-18. Bubbles.as package {
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Simply by adding setters to the con
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Contexts for String Strategies You
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Example 11-24. StringWork.as packag
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Example 11-29. SortAll.as package {
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Example 11-33. TestStringStrategy.a
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Using More Than One Pattern PART V
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Model-View-Co
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triggered by a user interacting wit
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grouped together in a tabbed panel
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Example 12-2. Model.as (continued)
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Example 12-5. View.as (continued) 1
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implementations in the MVC. Our vie
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Example 12-8. CompositeView.as (con
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Example 12-10. CharCodeLeafView.as
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Key OOP Concepts in the MVC Pattern
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Example 12-12. IModel.as (Model int
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Example 12-15. Controller.as (Contr
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Example 12-16. CBView.as 24 update(
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Note that only the combo boxview th
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Example 12-18. INewModel.as (contin
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Example 12-21. RBView.as package {
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add map type select radio button gr
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Example 12-23. CarModel.as (continu
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Example 12-25. RHController.as (con
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Example 12-28. Main.as (document cl
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Example 12-30. GPSView.as package {
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Example 12-32. ChaseController.as (
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Symmetric Pro
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• Indicate that a remote player h
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Even though both of the solutions a
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Referee 1 Player1 Proxy2 Internet S
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With a single template method, and
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developed with an eye to the order
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Boolean variables to false. (The fa
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Example 13-3. RPS.as (continued) }
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Example 13-4. proxygame.asc (contin
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Example 13-5. SymPlayer1.as package
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Example 13-5. SymPlayer1.as (contin
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Example 13-5. SymPlayer1.as (contin
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In addition to using the Referee to
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Example 13-6. DynamicText.as (conti
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3. Click the Text layer to select i
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A abstract classes, 28, 31, 68, 130
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increment and decrement commands, 2
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E ECOOP, 470 EmailCheck.as, 418 enc
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MapTypeController.as, 454 MapView.a
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Q QuadPets.as, 25 R Radio.as, 273 R
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T Tail.as, 231 Target.as, 180 Templ
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