Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary

736 Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
Z
abscesses, boils and carbuncles and
in strangury.
Leaves gave protopine and berberine;
exhibited anticholinergic activity.
FruitsgavecyclicAMPandcyclicGMP,
Sisyphus saponins I, II and III; jujuboside
B and p-coumaroylates of alphitolic
acid. Seeds gave saponins—jujubosides
A and B; the saponin yields the
sapogenin—jujubogenin.
AvarietygrowninHaryana(Naazuka)
contains sugars 10.5% and ascorbic
acid 205 mg/100 g.
Dosage ◮ Dried fruit pulp, devoid
of seed—3–6 g; stem bark—3–
5gpowder,10–20gfordecoction.
(API, Vol. III.)
Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
Synonym ◮ Z. sativa Gaertn.
Z. vulgaris Lam.
Family ◮ Rhamnaceae.
Habitat ◮ Native to North China.
Also found in Punjab, Himachal
Pradesh, up to 1,950 m, eastwards
to West Bengal.
English ◮ Chinese Tsao.
Unani ◮ Unnaab.
Action ◮ Fruit—a nourishing,
tonic, emollient, antitussive,
antiallergic; protects liver and
prevents stress ulcer formation.
Seed—used for dry cough and
skin eruptions. Kernel—used in
insomnia. Bark—used for ulcers
and wounds.
The leaves contain the flavonoids,
3-O-glucosides, rutinosides and diglu-
cosides of quercetin, rhamnetin and
eriodictyol, also C-glucosides. The
bark yields cyclopeptide alkaloids—
sativanines A, B, C-G; also alkaloids—
frangulanine, nummularine B and mucronineD.Theberriesgavesaponins
of dammaran type, known as Sisyphus
saponins; jujubosides, zizybeosides
and zizyvyosides, together with
pentacyclic triterpenoids. Flavonoids
include naringenin glycosides, vomifoloil
and roseoside. (Also see WHO
monograph.)
Antiallergic activity is due to high
levels of both cyclic AMP and cyclic
GMP in the fruit extract. Sedative
activity and in vitroantitumour activity
has been shown experimentally.
Seed extract produces a transient fall
in blood pressrue and a prolongation
of thiobarbital-induced sleeping time
in animals.
Ziziphus nummularia
(Burm. f) Wight & Arn.
Synonym ◮ Z. rotundifolia Lam.
Rhamnus nummularia Burm. f.
Family ◮ Rhamnaceae.
English ◮ Wild Jujube.
Ayurvedic ◮ Karkandhu.
Unani ◮ Jharber, Sadarber.
Action ◮ Fruit—cooling and
astringent. Prescribed for bilious
affections. Leaves—used in scabies
and other skin diseases.
The root bark contains 12% of tannin
and cyclopeptide alkaloids—nummularines
A, B and C, mucronine D