Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary

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Divergent Plant Sources of Important Classical Herbs PLANT DRUG ACCEPTED SOURCE OTHER SOURCES Agaru Aquilaria agallocha (Thymelaeaceae) Bhaarangi Clerodendrum serratum (Verbanaceae) Bhuunimba Kiraatatikta Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae) Daaruharidraa Berberis aristata (Berberidaceae) Duraalabha/ Dhanvayaasa Hapushaa/ Havushaa Fagonia cretica (Zygophyllaceaea) Juniperus communis (Pinaceae) Jivanti Leptadenia reticulata (Asclepiadaceae) Muurvaa Marsdenia tenacissima (Asclepiadaceae) South India: Dysoxylum malabaricum (Meliaceae) South India: Premna herbacea (Verbanaceae)Bengal:Picrasma quassioides (Simarubaceae) South India: <strong>An</strong>drographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) South India: Coscinium fenestratum (Menispermaceae) South India: Tragia involucrata (Euphorbiaceae) South India: Sphaeranthus indicus (Asteraceae) South India: Holostemma rheedei (Asclepiadaceae) South India: Chonemorpha macrophylla (Apocynaceae) Sansevieria roxburghiana (Liliaceae) (IMPCOPS, Chennai) Naagakeshara Mesua ferrea (Clusiaceae) SouthIndia: Calophyllum inophyllum (Clusiaceae)TamilNadu:Cinnamomum wightii (Lauraceae)andDillenia pentagyna (Dilleniaceae)fruits Paashaanabheda Bergenia ligulata (Saxifragaceae) Substitute: Aerva lanata (Amaranthaceae) Prasaarini Paederia foetida (Rubiaceae) Priyangu Callicarpa macrophylla (Verbenaceae) Substitute: Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae) Appendix 747 South India: Rotula aquatica (Boraginaceae), Homonoia riparia (Euphorbiaceae) Gujarat: Iris pseudacorus (Iridaceae) South India: Merremia tridentata (Convolvulaceae) (<strong>An</strong> altogether different plant) South India: Callicarpa tomentosa (Verbenaceae); Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Rutaceae); Aglaia roxburghiana fruits (Meliaceae); Myristica malabarica (Myristicaceae) dried flowers (IMPCOPS, Chennai) Prishniparni Uraria picta (Fabaceae) SouthIndia: Pseudarthria viscida (Fabaceae) Kerala: Desmodium gangeticum (Papilionaceae)
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Indian Medicinal Plants
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Author C.P. Khare B-1/211, Janak Pu
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Guiding Factors First of all, let m
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• The British Herbal Pharmacopoei
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Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moen
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disorders, contain taraxerol, its a
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diabetic rats. Seed oil—antifunga
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The bark yields a saponin which, on
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Ayurvedic ◮ Aadaari, Lataa Khadir
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haemostatic. Salicylic acid is anti
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Chamba in Himachal Pradesh, between
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pseudoaconitine. (The inert charact
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Habitat ◮ Native to Japan, occasi
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Ayurvedic ◮ Vaasaa, Vaasaka, Vaas
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Siddha/Tamil ◮ Manjakadambu. Folk
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Horse Chestnut contains triterpenoi
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es, polyphosphatases, polyphenoloxi
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diuretic and urinary antiseptic, an
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Alangium begoniaefolium (Roxb.) Bai
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Action ◮ Bark—a decoction is gi
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Ayurvedic ◮ Grnjana. Unani ◮ Ga
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action). With crushing or chewing a
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Dosage ◮ Leaf pulp juice—10-20
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Alstonia sp. is known as Fever Bark
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Ayurvedic ◮ Identified as Soma of
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Folk ◮ Daadmaari. (Also known as
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An iridoid glycoside named amphicos
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Action ◮ Stimulant, cordial, rube
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Anchusa italica Retz. Synonym ◮ A
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Angelica archangelica Linn. var. hi
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leaves contain glucosides of luteol
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chamomile remains unapproved due to
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Celery yields an essential oil (3%)
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Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Spreng. Fam
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drug, in itself, did not show anabo
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sis of thyroid hormone. (Sharon M.
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Action ◮ Leaf—haemostatic. Esse
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activity and is a uterine stimulant
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Vari. (Substitute for Medaa, Mahaam
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Aqueous extract decreased fasting g
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the gastrointestinal tract and bile
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English ◮ Carambola, Star Fruit,
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Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Penn. Synon
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Along with other therapeutic applic
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Ayurvedic ◮ Vansha, Venu, Kichaka
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Dosage ◮ Whole plant—50-100 g f
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Bauhinia acuminata Linn. Family ◮
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uds are used in diarrhoea, dysenter
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hypotensive, antiamoebic, anticoagu
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(Paashaanabheda indicates that the
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and wounds. Decoction is given in s
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Blumea eriantha DC. Family ◮ Comp
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Bombax ceiba Linn. See Salmalia mal
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Action ◮ Gum-resin—antiseptic,
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The oil gave brassino steroid—bra
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Habitat ◮ Native to Mexico; grown
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Bupleurum flacutum Linn. Family ◮
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Caccinia crassifolia O. Kuntze. Syn
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Action ◮ Root—astringent and an
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The plant is used in convulsions an
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treatment of genitourinary and vene
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Unani ◮ Chaai, Shaahi, Shaayi. Si
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Action ◮ Anticonvulsant, CNS depr
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Capparis zeylanica Linn. Synonym
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Folk ◮ Karalli, Kierpa. Varanga (
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exhibited anti-tubercular activity,
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Also found wild in the North Himala
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ubbed on to the skin to cure ringwo
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Action ◮ An adulterant of the tru
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Siddha/Tamil ◮ Erumaikkottan. Act
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Family ◮ Meliaceae. Habitat ◮ S
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with pentobarbital. The seed extrac
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Boiled leaves are eaten for urinary
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Dosage ◮ Whole plant—10- 20 ml
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Habitat ◮ Native to South Europe,
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Action ◮ Tuber—nervine and gene
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The flowers contain daucosterol, cu
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albino rats. The cholagogue activit
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Key application ◮ Externally in c
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Key application ◮ As antibacteria
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Cucurbitacins include cucurbitacin
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Siddha/Tamil ◮ Periya elumuchhai.
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For drug interactions with grapefru
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Action ◮ Seed—carminative, anti
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Habitat ◮ Ashrubdistributed throu
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and South India) is known as Parwat
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might lower hepatic glucose product
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showed amoebicidal activity against
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Conium maculatum Linn. Family ◮ U
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in debility, convalescence, intermi
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of the plant is applied as a paste
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The powdered rhizome of Corydalis p
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Action ◮ Coronary vasodilator (st
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Siddha/Tamil ◮ Kumgumappoo (dried
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toxic. Crotin, a toxic albuminous s
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Habitat ◮ Cultivated throughout I
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menopausal cramps, leg-cramps. Esse
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Dosage ◮ Rhizome—1-3 g powder.
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Curcumenol and curdione are shown t
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externally for scalds, ulcers and b
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Family ◮ Poaceae. Habitat ◮ War
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Cyperus rotundus Linn. Family ◮ C
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period of decreased vascular tensio
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D 200 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Fol
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D 202 Datisca cannabina Linn. Actio
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D 204 Daucus carota Linn. var. sati
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D 206 Delphinium brunonianum Royle.
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D 208 Delphinium zalil Aitch. & Hem
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D 210 Desmodium gangeticum DC. Acti
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D 212 Dichroa febrifuga Lour. It ha
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D 214 Digitalis purpurea Linn. Habi
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D 216 Dioscorea daemona Roxb. Famil
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D 218 Diospyros ebenum Koenig. The
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D 220 Diospyros tomentosa Roxb. Hab
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D 222 Dolichos biflorus Linn. Dolic
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D 224 Doronicum pardalianches Linn.
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D 226 Drynaria quercifolia (Linn.)
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D 228 Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook
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230 Echinochloa frumentacea Link. E
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232 Eichhornia crassipes Solms Laub
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234 Elephantopus scaber Linn. E Fam
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236 Eleusine indica Gaertin. E Eleu
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238 Emblica officinalis Gaertn. E E
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240 Entada scandens auct. non-Benth
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242 Erigeron canadensis Linn. E int
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244 Ervataemia coronaria staff. E F
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246 Erythrina stricta Roxb. E porte
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248 Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.)C.E.H
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250 Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. E
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252 Euphorbia hypericifolia auct. n
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254 Euphorbia thymifolia Linn. E Do
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256 Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. E Ev
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Fagonia cretica Linn. Synonym ◮ F
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Feijoa sellowiana Berg. Synonym ◮
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dose of 0.6 mg/kg in rats by oral a
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ought about by a double dose of ins
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The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of Indi
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Ficus religiosa Linn. Family ◮ Mo
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Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb. Family
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Habitat ◮ Indigenous to the coast
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The seed oil contains myristic 4.2,
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G 278 Garcinia cowa Roxb. ginol. Th
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G 280 Garcinia morella (Gaertn) Des
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G 282 Gardenia resinifera Roth. Hab
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G 284 Geophila repens (Linn.)I.M.Jo
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G 286 Ginkgo biloba Linn. Action
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G 288 Glossocardia bosvallia DC. Ha
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G 290 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Action
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G 292 Gnida glauca (Fresen.) Gilg.
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G 294 Grangea maderaspatana Poir. H
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G 296 Grewia villosa Willd. Habitat
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G 298 Gymnema sylvestre B. Br. Gymn
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G 300 Gynura pseudo-china (L.) DC.
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H 302 Hardwickia binata Roxb. A clo
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H 304 Hedyotis corymbosa (Linn.) La
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H 306 Helleborus niger Linn. Helleb
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H 308 Herniaria glabra Linn. Furano
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H 310 Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Eng
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H 312 Hiptage benghalensis Kurz. Th
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H 314 Homonoia riparia Lour. Homono
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H 316 Hura crepitans Linn. spasmodi
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H 318 Hymenodictyon excelsum Wall.
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H 320 Hyptis suaveolens (Linn.) Poi
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Iberis amara Linn. Family ◮ Cruci
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Illicium verum Hook. f. Family ◮
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Indigofera aspalathoides Vahl ex DC
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Folk ◮ Vana-methi. Action ◮ Ast
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and 3,5-dicaffoylquinic acids have
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Ipomoea nil (Linn.) Roth Synonym
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esin is the active principle, it co
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Habitat ◮ The Himalayas from Garh
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flavonoids—rutin and kaempferol-
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342 Jasminum auriculatum Vahl. J Fo
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344 Jasminum rottlerianum Wall. ex
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346 Jatropha gossypifolia Linn. J L
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348 Juniperus communis Linn. var. s
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350 Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. J
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K 352 Kalanchoe integra (Medic.) Ku
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K 354 Kigelia pinnata (Jacq.) DC. K
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K 356 Kyllinga triceps Rottb. Prade
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358 Lactuca virosa Linn. L none (fr
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360 Lallemantia royleana Roxb. L Fo
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362 Lantana camara Linn. var. acule
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364 Launaea mucronata (Forsk.) Musc
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366 Lawsonia inermis Linn. L The le
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368 Leonotis nepetaefolia (L.) R. B
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370 Lepidium sativum Linn. L Habita
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372 Leucas aspera Spreng. L leuceno
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374 Lilium polyphyllum D. Don. L Li
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376 Limonia crenulata Roxb. L known
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378 Lippia geminata H. B. & K. L Li
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380 Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B.
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382 Lobelia leschenaultina (Persl)
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384 Loranthus pentandrus Linn. L Ay
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386 Luvunga eleutherandra Dalz in p
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388 Lycopus europaeus Linn. L The p
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Maba nigrescens Dalz. & Gibs. Famil
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Maerua arenaria Hook. f. & Thoms. S
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of a number of Gram-positive and Gr
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one, taraxerol, friedelin, lupeol a
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M. hamiltonii Wight (sub-Himalayan
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mortality rate produced by picrotox
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E.) Like cajeput oil, the principal
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Action ◮ Plant—astringent, disc
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Psychiatry, 74, 2003; Natural Medic
Page 822:
stimulative effect on CNS of mice.
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is used as a mouthwash; leaves are
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is used as a bitter tonic in fevers
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The methanolic extract of the root
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een reported. Saponins isolated fro
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English ◮ Bitter Gourd, Blsam Pea
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Habitat ◮ Throughout India in pon
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Dosage ◮ Leaf—10-20 ml. juice.
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perprolactinemia frequently face im
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An anti-ulcerogenic acylsterylglyco
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The hexane extract contains myristi
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Myrtol, a fraction of myrtenol, is
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N 434 Naregamia alata Wight & Arn.
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N 436 Nepeta cataria Linn. glycosid
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N 438 Nervilia aragoana Gaudich. Ke
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N 440 Nilgirianthus ciliatus (Nees)
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N 442 Nymphaea stellata Willd. Nymp
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O 444 Ocimum canum Sims. Ayurvedic
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O 446 Ocimum viride Willd. dundubhi
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O 448 Oldenlandia umbellata Linn. O
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O 450 Ophioglossum vulgatum Linn. R
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O 452 Orchis latifolia Linn. Englis
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O 454 Orthosiphon grandiflorus Bold
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O 456 Osmunda regalis Linn. Osmunda
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O 458 Oxystelma secamone (Linn.) Ka
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460 Panax pseudoginseng Wall. P ant
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462 Papaver rhoeas L. P The seedlin
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464 Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach. P
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466 Passiflora incarnata Linn. P Pa
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468 Pavetta indica Linn. P The root
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470 Peganum harmala Linn. P drug ph
Page 946:
472 Pergularia extensa N. E. Br. P
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474 Persea americana Mill. P Action
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476 Peucedanum grande C. B. Clarke.
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478 Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees
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480 Phragmites communis Trin. P Ayu
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482 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Lin
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484 Physochlaina praealta Miers. P
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486 Picrorhiza scrophulariaeflora P
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488 Pinus gerardiana Wall. P Ayurve
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490 Piper chaba Hunter non-Blume. P
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492 Piper nigrum Linn. P used for e
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494 Pisonia grandis R. Br. P Action
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496 Pithecellobium dulce Benth. P P
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498 Plantago major Linn. P Plantago
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500 Plesmonium margaritiferum Schot
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502 Plumeria acuminata Ait. P and r
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504 Pogostemon benghalensis Kuntze.
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506 Polycarpaea corymbosa Lam. P as
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508 Polygonatum multiflorum All. P
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510 Polygonum hydropiper Linn. P Po
Page 1026:
512 Populus alba Linn. P internally
Page 1030:
514 Portulaca tuberosa Roxb. P Habi
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516 Premna integrifolia Linn. P Act
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518 Prosopis spicigera Linn. P Habi
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520 Prunus cerasoides D. Don. P tra
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522 Pseudarthria viscida Wt. & Arn.
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524 Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. P A
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526 Pterospermum canescens Roxb. P
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528 Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. P c
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530 Pyrus communis Linn. P Action
Page 1066:
Q 532 Quercus infectoria Oliv. Acti
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Radermachera xylocarpa (Roxb.) K. S
Page 1074:
causes inflammation of the digestiv
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sinus tachycardia, anxiety, tension
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Remusatia vivipara Schott. Family
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spleen. (Purgative action not found
Page 1090:
antiseptic. Used for indigestion, d
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stems and bark cause hypotension in
Page 1098:
Habitat ◮ Mediterranean region. E
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The anthocyanosides are reportedly
Page 1106:
A betaxanthin, humilixanthin, has b
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Ayurvedic ◮ Taruni-Kantaka (noncl
Page 1114:
phenyl ethyl alcohol 3-9, eugenol 1
Page 1118:
Folk ◮ Kal-vidhaaraa, Vaakeri (Ma
Page 1122:
eta-sitosterol; leaves gave torment
Page 1126:
The leaves contain 30 mg/100 g asco
Page 1130:
Rungia repens Nees. Family ◮ Acan
Page 1134:
Saccharum munja Roxb. Synonym ◮ S
Page 1138:
Sagittaria trifolia Linn. Synonym
Page 1142:
heumatic ailments. (German Commissi
Page 1146:
The bark contains 8.2%-8.8% tannin
Page 1150:
oil applied locally on rheumatic sw
Page 1154:
poultices, hair tonics and hair dre
Page 1158:
Sanicula europaea Linn. Family ◮
Page 1162:
Ayurvedic ◮ Arishtaka, Phenila, R
Page 1166:
Folk ◮ Bhedeli (Assam). Action
Page 1170:
Family ◮ Lauraceae. Habitat ◮ C
Page 1174:
cough, chronic rheumatism, skin dis
Page 1178:
Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Sy
Page 1182:
Scirpus articulatus Linn. Family
Page 1186:
Flavonoids occurring in the leaves
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is comparatively less toxic. It is
Page 1194:
The roots gave coumarins, angelicin
Page 1198:
Habitat ◮ Southeastern North Amer
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The bark contains gum and tannin. T
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The bark contains 7-12, young leave
Page 1210:
Proteins, linoleic, malvlic and ste
Page 1214:
Silymarin has been used successfull
Page 1218:
Astilbin, 3-O-caffeoyl-shikimic, fe
Page 1222:
Key application ◮ As a supportive
Page 1226:
Action ◮ Fruit—recommended in l
Page 1230:
Habitat ◮ Native to South America
Page 1234:
English ◮ Milk Thistle (a confusi
Page 1238:
Included among unapproved herbs by
Page 1242:
(Mahamundi, Mahaa-shraavani is equa
Page 1246:
Action ◮ Fruits, leaves, bark—
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and hyndarine sedative activity. Te
Page 1254:
pachol, dehydro-alpha-lapachone and
Page 1258:
Strychnos ignatii Bergius. Family
Page 1262:
Styrax benzoin Dry. Family ◮ Styr
Page 1266:
Action ◮ A substitute for S. chir
Page 1270:
Habitat ◮ The Himalayas from Kash
Page 1274:
ties to the buds. Eugenol, a major
Page 1278:
Syzygium jambos (Linn.) Alston. Syn
Page 1282:
Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.) W
Page 1286:
English ◮ Big Marigold, Aztec or
Page 1290:
Ayurvedic ◮ Maachikaa (related sp
Page 1294:
Ayurvedic ◮ Dugdh-pheni, Luutaari
Page 1298:
Action ◮ Leaves—hypoglycaemic (
Page 1302:
not show any such effect. The juice
Page 1306:
Page 1310:
Terminalia myriocarpa Heurck & Muel
Page 1314:
Teucrium chamaedrys Linn. Family
Page 1318:
Thespesia populnea Soland. ex Corre
Page 1322:
English ◮ Mother-of-thyme, Wild T
Page 1326:
alloxan diabetic rats. (Phytother R
Page 1330:
and several indole alkaloids from t
Page 1334:
Trapa bispinosa Roxb. Synonym ◮ T
Page 1338:
Unani ◮ Biskhaparaa. Siddha ◮ S
Page 1342:
Folk ◮ Hetenuriyaa, Jalasirasa. J
Page 1346:
Siddha ◮ Kommu Patolia. Action
Page 1350:
Siddha/Tamil ◮ Vendhayam. Action
Page 1354:
Sensitivity to gluten has also been
Page 1358:
Key application ◮ In acute catarr
Page 1362:
Folk ◮ Gondapateraa. Action ◮ R
Page 1366:
U 684 Uraria alopecuroides Wight. o
Page 1370:
U 686 Urtica dioica Linn. Unani ◮
Page 1374:
U 688 Usnea longissima Ach. Habitat
Page 1378:
Vaccaria pyramidata (L.) Medik. Syn
Page 1382:
Action ◮ Tranquillizer, hypnotic,
Page 1386:
The seed oil contains palmitic, ole
Page 1390:
Page 1394:
Key application ◮ In catarrh of t
Page 1398:
The plant gave iridoid glycosides i
Page 1402:
Habitat ◮ Native to eastern and c
Page 1406:
in vincamine; others include vinic,
Page 1410:
uised and applied to ulcers; also p
Page 1414:
Action ◮ Properties more or less
Page 1418:
eta-sitosterol and p-hydroxybenzoic
Page 1422:
Tricholepis procumbens Wight. Amber
Page 1426:
W 716 Wedelia biflora DC. The plant
Page 1430: W 718 Withania ashwagandha Kaul (cu
Page 1434: W 720 Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. In
Page 1438: Xanthium strumariumLinn. Synonym
Page 1442: Folk ◮ Saanthu, Kalpottan (Kerala
Page 1446: Y 728 Yucca gloriosa Linn. Oxycanth
Page 1450: 730 Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Z Folk
Page 1454: 732 Zataria multiflora Boiss. Z Fam
Page 1458: 734 Zingiber zerumbet Rosc. ex.Sm.
Page 1462: 736 Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Z abscess
Page 1466: 738 Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. Z Ha
Page 1470: Abbreviations Appendix 5-HT 5-hydro
Page 1474: min Minimum min Minute(s) ml Millil
Page 1478: 746 Appendix Following explanation
Page 1484: Important Herbs of Non-Indian Origi
Page 1488: BOTANICAL NAME Commiphora myrrha Co
Page 1492: BOTANICAL NAME Lepidium sativum COM
Page 1496: BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ENGLISH
Page 1500: BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME ENGLISH
Page 1504: 760 Appendix Botanical name/ Part u
Page 1520: 768 Appendix Herbal extracts for Co
Page 1524: Internet Resources of Herbal Medici
Page 1528: Bibliography The Ayurvedic Formular
Page 1532:
Bibliography 775 The Treatise on In
Page 1536:
Botanical Names A Abelmoschus escul
Page 1540:
Aloe littoralis 36 Aloe vera 36 Alp
Page 1544:
Baliospermum montanum 78, 180, 346
Page 1548:
Careya arborea 122 Careya herbacea
Page 1552:
Commiphora 168 Commiphora abyssinic
Page 1556:
Dillenia speciosa 214 Dioscorea acu
Page 1560:
Euphorbia indica 252 Euphorbia ligu
Page 1564:
Gouania leptostachya 293 Gouania mi
Page 1568:
Ipomoea sepiaria 335 Ipomoea sessil
Page 1572:
Lepidium iberis 369 Lepidium latifo
Page 1576:
Memecylon umbellatum 407 Mentha aqu
Page 1580:
Ophelia chirata 632 Ophelia multifl
Page 1584:
Piper longum 15, 490, 491 Piper nig
Page 1588:
Randia uliginosa 536 Ranunculus aqu
Page 1592:
Sambucus ebulus 577 Sambucus nigra
Page 1596:
Sophora japonica 617 Sophora mollis
Page 1600:
Theobroma cacao 246, 658 Thespesia
Page 1604:
Viburnum grandiflorum 702 Viburnum
Page 1608:
Crude Herb Identification Guide Abi
Page 1612:
Alpinia galanga rhizome (Himalaya)
Page 1616:
Azadirachta indica dried leaf (Hima
Page 1620:
Callicarpa macrophylla dried flower
Page 1624:
Centella asiatica leaf Cicer arieti
Page 1628:
Coptis teeta rhizome (Hamdard) Cori
Page 1632:
Dioscorea bulbifera tuber sections
Page 1636:
Ficus religiosa plant parts (CCRAS)
Page 1640:
Inula racemosa root (Dabur) Jasminu
Page 1644:
Marsdenia tenacissima root (WHO/PLI
Page 1648:
Operculina turpethum root (Dabur) O
Page 1652:
Polygonum bistorata root stock (Ham
Page 1656:
Rheum emodi exudate lump (WHO/PLIM)
Page 1660:
Semecarpus anacardium fruit (WHO/PL
Page 1664:
Terminalia bellirica seeds (CCRAS)
Page 1668:
Viola odorata flower (Hamdard) Vite
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Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary

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