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Indeed, Mozilla shows more properties (see Figure 6-2), but they‘re not exactly what you might expect either. Figure 6-2: Mozilla supports array-style indexing of strings. A final wrinkle to be aware of is that the order in which properties are enumerated is undefined. That is, there‘s no guarantee as to the relative order in which they‘ll be assigned to the loop variable, nor that the order will be consistent from one for/in loop to the next. These facts, particularly that only instance properties are usually enumerated, mean that for/in loops are primarily useful with user-defined objects, where you‘ve set instance properties and know there are none that are preexisting. These loops are often also helpful, particularly when debugging, and can also be used to satisfy your curiosity; many browsers implement undocumented properties that can be useful if one knows they exist. Using with Another convenient object-related operator is with: with (object)
statement; Using with lets you reference properties of an object without explicitly specifying the object itself. When you use an identifier within the statement or block associated with a with statement, the interpreter checks to see if object has a property of that name. If it does, the interpreter uses it. For example: with (document.myForm) { } if (username.value == "") alert("Must fill in username"); if (password.value == "") alert("Password cannot be blank. "); In this case, with lets you access document.myForm.username.value and document.myForm. password.value with a lot less typing. In fact, this is the primary use of with statements: to reduce the clutter in your scripts. Note The advanced explanation of how this works is that object is temporarily placed at the head of the scope chain during the execution of the block. Any variables accessed in the statement are first attempted to be resolved in object, and only then are the enclosing scopes checked. Objects Are Reference Types All JavaScript data types can be categorized as either primitive or reference types. These two types correspond to the primitive and composite types discussed in Chapter 3. Primitive types are the primitive data types: number, string, Boolean, undefined, and null. These types are primitive in the sense that they are restricted to a set of specific values. You can think of primitive data as stored directly in the variable itself. Reference types are objects, including Objects, Arrays, and Functions. Because these types can hold very large amounts of heterogeneous data, a variable containing a reference type does not contain its actual value. It contains a reference to a place in memory that contains the actual data. This distinction will be transparent to you the majority of the time. But there are some situations when you need to pay particular attention to the implications of these types. The first is when you create two or more references to the same object. Consider the following example with primitive types: var x = 10; var y = x; x = 2; alert("The value of y is: " + y);
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JavaScript 2.0-The Complete Referen
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JavaScript 2.0-The Complete Referen
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Serrato, Darlene Hernandez, Michele
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First JavaScript document.write("
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In this case, the tag happens to s
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Ready start alert("First Script
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Script Hiding Most browsers tend to
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alert("Your JavaScript is on!
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Event Trigger Example A re
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Notice that the src attribu
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Figure 1-6: JavaScript console used
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Table 1-1: Browser Versions and Jav
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A scripting language is a language
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This is not a problem in itself. Th
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y a linebreak without causing an er
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Being weakly typed is both a blessi
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myArray[1] = 5; myArray[2] = "Thoma
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To compare objects, JavaScript prov
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} else { } x = x + 1; First, the co
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do { document.write(x); document.wr
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This code declares a function named
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document.write("This text is no
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*/ invoke it as follows: var y = sq
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Part II: Core Language Chapter 3: D
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throughout both the chapter and the
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The other important special value i
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Things get really messy if you work
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Close examination of the table of e
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document.write("Note how newlines (
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Note Some Netscape browsers do not
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Methods of objects are accessed in
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The typeof Operator If you‘re cur
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Number "NaN", "0", or the string re
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A variable‘s name should give som
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execute. This context contains the
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} function innerFunction() { } aler
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context, the interpreter would firs
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y = y - 1 is fine. But if you make
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Operators JavaScript supports a var
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There is one further wrinkle with t
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Table 4-3 shows the bitwise operato
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Table 4-5: Shorthand Assignment wit
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Comparison Operators A comparison e
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"thomas" >> "fritz" "aaaa" >> "a" "
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var a,b,c,d; a = (b=5, c=7, d=56);
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alert(myArray[2]); alert(myArray[3]
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Table 4-9: Precedence and Associati
Page 97 and 98: JavaScript supports a core set of s
Page 99 and 100: else if (expression2) statement or
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4-1: Logical expressions can
Page 103 and 104: else if (yourGrade == 'D') alert("N
Page 105 and 106: } case 'C': alert("You passed!"); c
Page 107 and 108: { } // do something Last, an import
Page 109 and 110: document.write("Start the countdown
Page 111 and 112: } document.write("Outerloop: "+i+""
Page 113 and 114: The with statement indicates an obj
Page 115 and 116: alter program flow. A variety of lo
Page 117 and 118: Functions do not have to receive on
Page 119 and 120: Functions always return some form o
Page 121 and 122: document.write("In function fiddle
Page 123 and 124: } x = 7; document.write("x="+x+"");
Page 125 and 126: However, more likely, we purposeful
Page 127 and 128: document.write("Entering testFuncti
Page 129 and 130: "statements for function body"); As
Page 131 and 132: A similar kind of nameless function
Page 133 and 134: The result shown next demonstrates
Page 135 and 136: Note that this isn‘t a terribly r
Page 137 and 138: Using Functions Before concluding t
Page 139 and 140: } if (addTwo.arguments.length == 2)
Page 141 and 142: familiar to anyone who has programm
Page 143 and 144: creates String objects while the Ar
Page 145 and 146: The result is As you can see, the s
Page 147: Figure 6-1: Enumerating properties
Page 151 and 152: Declare a function taking two argum
Page 153 and 154: Table 6-2: Properties and Methods C
Page 155 and 156: Notice that we named the method att
Page 157 and 158: If the way the robot object has bee
Page 159 and 160: Object-Oriented JavaScript Before j
Page 161 and 162: } this.hasJetpack = true; This exam
Page 163 and 164: function Robot(flying, action) { }
Page 165 and 166: var feature = guard.feature; var ca
Page 167 and 168: var firstArray = []; var secondArra
Page 169 and 170: The effect is as if no element had
Page 171 and 172: var myValues = new Array(); myValue
Page 173 and 174: stack.pop(); // ["first", 10] Retur
Page 175 and 176: Unlike with the push() and shift()
Page 177 and 178: It takes a variable number of argum
Page 179 and 180: If you want to be more succinct, yo
Page 181 and 182: } { } var last = this[this.length-1
Page 183 and 184: Table 7-1: Arguments to the Date()
Page 185 and 186: document.write("The current date :
Page 187 and 188: If you are not sure whether the par
Page 189 and 190: Table 7-2: Globally Available Metho
Page 191 and 192: Table 7-4: Methods Provided by the
Page 193 and 194: var s = new String(); var headline
Page 195 and 196: var s = "JavaScript" + " is" + " a"
Page 197 and 198: Table 7-6: HTML-Releated String Met
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This chapter is an introduction to
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expressions are designed to be very
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These characters are ^ and $, indic
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Table 8-2: Regular Expression Escap
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var pattern = /ab+c/; is read as
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var pattern = /[0-9]+/; This regula
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would match ―abcx7d‖ or ―abc_
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You could use the following regular
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document.writeln("result.lastIndex
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} // if we have a match, print info
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Table 8-7: Static Properties of the
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var stringwithdelimits = "10 / 3 /
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Non-capturing Parentheses JavaScrip
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addresses instead of domain names (
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1. The core JavaScript language (e.
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For the sake of brevity, some detai
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""); document.write("Page Colors");
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Figure 9-4: Some Document propertie
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using the traditional JavaScript
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The onclick attribute of the tag
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{ } var theirname=document.myForm.u
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Greeting: The previous examp
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Table 9-4: New Document Properties
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Netscape 4 Layer Example An example
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Figure 9-8: Internet Explorer 4 obj
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finds tag with id or name = myHeadi
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Table 9-7: Some New Properties for
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onclick="document.all['heading1'].s
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style, and content) to a programmin
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var feature; var version; for (i=0;
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The most important thing to think a
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Before moving on, we need to introd
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Table 10-2: DOM Node Properties DOM
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currentElement = currentElement.fir
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DOM Test Heading
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} } else alert("No parent"); break;
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onclick="currentElement=document.do
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Collection Description >document.an
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the necessary references. Let‘s s
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} if (node.parentNode) { } //-->> i
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} function doReplace() { } var repl
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Table 10-5: Text Node Manipulation
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onclick="temp = textNode.splitText(
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7
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-->> Simple DOM HTML Editor &n
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It would be easy enough to mod
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Table 10-6: CSS Property-to-DOM Pro
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xh
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Style: normal italic oblique Wei
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onchange="theElement.style.fontSize
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Height: Width: &nbs
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theElement = document.getElementByI
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This is a paragraph This is a parag
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override them with local rules. Und
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} if (styleSheet.cssRules[0]) { } s
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There are a few things to study car
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var myWalker = document.createTreeW
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While the Traversal API is not wide
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adding content to the document. Bec
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inner/outer Tester This is a t
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>
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Figure 10-6: Using document.all[] a
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some consistency to the mad world t
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Table 11-2: Basic Events and Their
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ondblclick: onfocus: onkeydown:
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Browsers might support events othe
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onbeforedeactivate Fires just befor
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oncut Fires when selected content i
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ondrop Fires on a valid drop target
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onpropertychange Fires whenever a p
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page Non-standard Event Binding in
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this is to assign handlers after th
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Table 11-4: Effect of Returning fal
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One major difference between versio
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if you check your JavaScript consol
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To set up event capturing, use the
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keep tabs on what happened to an ev
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We may be in the gutter, but some o
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Table 11-9: Behavior of Internet Ex
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Table 11-9: Behavior of Internet Ex
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Preventing Bubbling You can stop ev
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The DOM2 Event model specification
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document.getElementById('myText').r
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Alt Key down? Control Key down? M
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The result of a click is shown in
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when the user activates the pull-do
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function killClicks(event) { } even
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-->> The killClick handler is regi
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startListen(); //-->> Current Nod
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Table 11-18 summarizes the major fe
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Part IV: Using JavaScript Chapter 1
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window.confirm(string); or simply c
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value that contains the value enter
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Opening and Closing Generic Windows
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in some browsers, while others may
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Table 12-1: Feature Parameter Value
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featurestring += "width="+document.
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Left: (IE) ScreenX: ScreenY: (Ne
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Figure 12-1: Simple window and its
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} } //-->> else customAlert("Bor
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} } myWindow.focus(); // Make the w
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windowHTML += ""; windowHTML += "An
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windowname is the name of the windo
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function moveIt() { if ((window.myW
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myWindow.moveBy(0,10);" />> X: Y:
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It is also possible to access parse
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5,4,3,2,1...BOOM Browser Self-De
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message = message.substring(1, mess
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Event Description onafterprint Even
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parent.frames[0].name would print o
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" var i = 0; msg += "Window: "+ win
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Two Frames within the naviga
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While inline frames seem to be a si
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window.onload = frameBuster; // -->
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Variables
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Back to previous page While Ja
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Interested readers are enc
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Table 13-1: Document Properties Rel
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Unvisited Link Click to show active
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Location and Related Properties The
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str += "but remember the rules of X
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You also can read the target proper
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onclick="document.myform.field1.val
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} str += "border: "+theImage.border
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(document.all[10]) or by name (docu
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Table 13-4: Common DOM Properties f
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All other (
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Table 13-7: (X)HTML Elements Associ
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Table 13-7: (X)HTML Elements Associ
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} } var newText = document.createTe
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(X)HTML Table Inspector Test T
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Jet Packs Economy JP-3455E6
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above below border box hsides vside
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for (i = 0; i > document.writeln("R
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onclick="theTable.insertRow(documen
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} var colNumber = parseFloat(column
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} var numberRowsInTable = theTable.
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onclick="doCellModification(documen
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object. As with all document object
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Just as the Document contains a col
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} document.write("length: "+length+
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property. In short, it is most usef
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Remember that these buttons (i
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Table 14-5: Properties of the HTMLB
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Closely related to inputs of type "
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Common Field Properties
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Of course, the preceding script
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Checkboxes and radio buttons (―ra
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Yes: No: Maybe: does not, as it
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yes: no: maybe: onclick="a
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-->> Hidden Fields Hidden form f
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Trainer Friend Cook An HTMLSelectEl
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} //-->> alert(msg); Option 1 Op
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cities["Australia"] = ["Sydney", "M
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Brisbane The previous example il
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eserved keyword. We‘ll see anothe
Page 528 and 529:

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} for (i = 0; i
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Abstracting Form Validation The pr
Page 534 and 535:
} if (/[^@]+@[^@]+/.test(s)) return
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if (!isInteger(s)) return false; va
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} { } alert("Email may not be empty
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} } { } case 'notblank': if (isEmpt
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Form Validation via Hidden Fields A
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} // Check for special characters l
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A final observation that escapes ma
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JavaScript can be used to turn disa
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Figure 14-4: Rendering of dynamic f
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} } return true; else { } window.st
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Widgets: @ 1.50 each Gadgets: @
Page 557 and 558:
calculated fields. Also note that,
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Figure 15-1: Manipulating Image pro
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Complete: Height: Hspace: Nam
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} } } alt.value = i.alt; border.val
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{ } var i = new Image(); i.src = ur
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The complete working example is sho
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...Page content here... Give
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{ } var abouton = new Image(); abou
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Figure 15-2
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With CSS, you can go even furthe
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Absolutely positioned elements not
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color of the region to orange as se
Page 585 and 586:
} } return(getElement(layerName, la
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} /* set the width of layer named l
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* return the object for the passed
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* set the x-coordinate of layer nam
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} else if (opera) else theLayer.sty
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} { } theLayer.document.write(conte
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z: Height: Width: />>
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Figure 15-3: Testing our cross-brow
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object, enabling control of the con
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} ("") : ("lightblue")); // IE can'
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DOM Level 2 style of event listener
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#mirror {border-style: solid; borde
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Notice how, in the preceding examp
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What's my style? Take 2 p { text-
Page 613 and 614:
Figure 15-6: A simple DHTML page tr
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} if (clipleft A point of intere
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obots!');" 'If you like our domes,
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{ } currentX = getX('ufo'); if (cur
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} if (layerobject) else return(pars
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} /* move left until boundary */ fu
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We could modify the animation
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should not be placed within a form
Page 631 and 632:
Select Navigation
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E-commerce ------------------------
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JavaScriptRef
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Yahoo Teoma MSN DMOZ E-commerce S
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JavaScript libraries on the Web suc
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} } { alert("Main window went away.
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Although the following code is writ
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{ // else move it 5 more pixels in
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Figure 16-5: The slide-in menu in a
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else if (document.all) // else if i
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Bottom of the page As with all
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application of this technology is t
Page 658 and 659:
When you assign a new cookie value
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array else { // extract its value }
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a user with the cookie ―username=
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If the user doesn‘t have cookies
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} } } value = document.cookie.subst
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Where a calculator on the ENIAC is
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Enter some text to store: When
Page 672 and 673:
Table 17-1: Navigator Properties fo
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Notice already from Figure 17-1 th
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document.write("Browser Not Known:
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Error: No JavaScript Support E
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// JS 1.5 features var version="1.
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else alert("You have Flash!"); aler
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A rendering of the example is show
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* nasty hack to deal with doctype s
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Under browsers like Internet Explor
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Figure 17-2: Explorer’s client ca
Page 695 and 696:
Given that some buttons can b
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Given the danger involved in settin
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Part V: Advanced Topics Chapter Lis
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Your browser does not support Java!
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} public void paint(Graphics myScre
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Your browser does not support Java!
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Plug-ins are persistent in the brow
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{ for (var i=0; i
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{ for (var i=0; i
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Suppose you have written some custo
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} function changeFrame(i) { } if (!
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Page 719 and 720:
Whereas Java applets are downloaded
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Browsers that do not understand wi
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function play() { } if (!dataReady)
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> // you can write an image in he
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This chapter served as an introduct
Page 729 and 730:
} var img = new Image(); img.src =
Page 731 and 732:
The HTTP response code 204 ―No Co
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{ } // If we've already got a reque
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User: Deagol (check online status)
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One fundamental vehicle enabling se
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{ var params = "numstories=" Note O
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RPC Spellchecker
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+ } if (rpcResult === true) else al
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} var newScript = document.createEl
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Iframe RPC The Server Respon
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echo ""; ?>> In order to see this i
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The following example illustrates t
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The capability to update a page wit
Page 755 and 756:
Figure 20-1: Well-formed XML under
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in which a document‘s logical str
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&cola; We could easily have just
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XSL Test Note In order to
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Whereas the preceding example is ra
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(123) 456-2222 fli@democompany.com
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You can reference the style
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directory {display: block;} employe
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MathML Below x + y 2 k +
Page 773 and 774:
...HTML content... or you can refe
Page 775 and 776:
Once you bind data into a document,
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We could further use the DOM proper
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{ var rootElement = xmldoc.document
Page 781 and 782:
if (type == 1) { // open tag dump("
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-->> XML Document: Name: Title
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xmldoc.async = false; xmldoc.load("
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Name: Title: Phone: Email:
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Sales Executive (543) 555-5672 jone
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*/ var title = document.getElementB
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* append completed record to the do
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} //-->> /* append completed record
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A fake entry http://www.javascriptr
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a:hover {color:#FF9900;} #feedOutpu
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var itemURL = itemList[i].getElemen
Page 805 and 806:
If you inspect the preceding exam
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Table 21-2: Relationship Between Mi
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Table 21-4: Proprietary Extensions
Page 811 and 812:
of access to select one of the memb
Page 813 and 814:
The result is shown in Figure 21-1.
Page 815 and 816:
You must also indicate the comments
Page 817 and 818:
Table 21-7: Some Proprietary Featur
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encountered. The browser generally
Page 821 and 822:
Two problematic questions are how t
Page 823 and 824:
HTML Applications HTML Applications
Page 825 and 826:
} var fso, filehandle; //-->> fso =
Page 827 and 828:
E, Elephant F, Fox G, Girl H, Hat T
Page 829 and 830:
Figure 21-3: Data Binding example u
Page 831 and 832:
Figure 21-5: Using dynamic properti
Page 833 and 834:
arbitrary elements in a page. HTCs
Page 835:
var originalColor; function activat
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Table 21-12: Some Default Behaviors
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Figure 21-6: Pop-up windows give yo
Page 842 and 843:
There are numerous JScript capabili
Page 844 and 845:
Note Interested readers can learn m
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Table 21-17: Components of Mozilla
Page 848 and 849:
comes from a trusted source. Such c
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even if the page in that window was
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of incorporation, domain name owner
Page 854 and 855:
Figure 22-2: Categorizing sites int
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The column of Table 22-3 indicating
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function doitagain() { } document.w
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escape(document.cookie); This scri
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Although some defensive programming
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Figure 23-1: Enabling notification
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Table 23-2: Common JavaScript Error
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if (debugging) alert("Returned from
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Figure 23-4: Using Error.stack to g
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} document.writeln(x); document.wri
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Figure 23-7: Enabling script debugg
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you can replace or suppress the err
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if (window.opener && !window.opener
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} return true; window.onerror = rep
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You can also create instances of th
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if (typeof(a) != "number" || typeof
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The appearance of a browser to supp
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efresher. We now turn our attention
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teksasliunescape(teks);document.wri
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Standard Version Description ECMASc
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Table A-7: Primitive JavaScript Dat
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Table A-11: Result of Type Conversi
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Object Description Array Provides a
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new Function(["arg1", ["arg2"], …
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Table A-21: Binary and Self-assignm
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A JavaScript implementation should
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} where statements is composed of z
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switch (expression) { } case val1:
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document.write(i+""); i++; } while
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Table A-27: Some Regular Expression
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Table A-32: Advanced Regular Expres
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Figure B-2: The traditional object
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Figure B-6: The Internet Explorer 4
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className String holding value of t
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eadyState Read-only string containi
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fireEvent(handler [, event]) Causes
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setExpression(property, expression
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Supported in IE4+, MOZ/N6+, DOM1. N
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This object has the following prope
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In Netscape 4.0-4.05 (JavaScript 1.
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ig, HTMLElement (Document Object) T
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constructor Reference to the constr
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caption, HTMLTableCaptionElement (D
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clipboardData (Proprietary Browser
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"move", "copyLink", "copyMove", "li
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setDate(dayOfMonth) Sets the day of
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Supported in Internet Explorer 4+,
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Document (Document Object) The Docu
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styleSheets[] Collection of styleSh
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Methods This object has only the me
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The message string defines the text
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properties ALT_MASK, CONTROL_MASK,
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setCapture([containerCapture]) Caus
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onblur Fires when an element loses
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Netscape Extended Events The follow
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onresizeend Fires when the user fin
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This object has the following metho
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Support Supported in Internet Explo
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Constructor This object cannot be i
Page 975 and 976:
Individual entries in the history a
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scrolling String specifying whether
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"hidden", "image", and "button". Tr
Page 981 and 982:
Despite being a tag found within a
Page 983 and 984:
This object has the following prope
Page 985 and 986:
Generally speaking, reserved words
Page 987 and 988:
Index Symbols -- (decrement) operat
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ActiveXObject, 655-657, 772 addEven
Page 991 and 992:
properties, 775 removing elements,
Page 993 and 994:
ody object, HTMLBodyElement, 780-78
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dataTransfer, 788-789 external, 817
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passing composite types, 115-116 pa
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speed of writing, 724 value of comm
Page 1001 and 1002:
overview of, 522 parsing, 525-526 r
Page 1003 and 1004:
undefined, 58-60 dataTransfer objec
Page 1005 and 1006:
ollovers, 498-499 sparing use of DH
Page 1007 and 1008:
document objects, 761-769 abbr, 771
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optGroup, 851 option, 851-852 overv
Page 1011 and 1012:
document tree navigation, browser d
Page 1013 and 1014:
dynamic typing, 29-31, 155 Index_E
Page 1015 and 1016:
special characters, 54-55 strings,
Page 1017 and 1018:
defined, 297 overview of, 298 Event
Page 1019 and 1020:
advantages/disadvantages, 16 functi
Page 1021 and 1022:
properties, 417-419 form validation
Page 1023 and 1024:
passing primitive types by value, 1
Page 1025 and 1026:
HTML applications (HTA), 657-660, 6
Page 1027 and 1028:
Radio, 856-857 Reset, 859-860 submi
Page 1029 and 1030:
events, 814-817 hiding proprietary
Page 1031 and 1032:
one-way communication with servers,
Page 1033 and 1034:
Java applets accessing in JavaScrip
Page 1035 and 1036:
keyboard masking, 453-454 keywords
Page 1037 and 1038:
syntax, 737-738 variable declaratio
Page 1039 and 1040:
methods common to all objects, 145-
Page 1041 and 1042:
owser supporting, 134 javaEnabled(
Page 1043 and 1044:
null data type conversion of, 734 d
Page 1045 and 1046:
objects, 133-158 as associative arr
Page 1047 and 1048:
comparison. see comparison operator
Page 1049 and 1050:
IE security zones, 686-690 Mozilla,
Page 1051 and 1052:
prototypes, extending Array objects
Page 1053 and 1054:
string methods, 211-214 syntax, 748
Page 1055 and 1056:
RPCs (remote procedure calls) callb
Page 1057 and 1058:
ActiveXObject, 655-656 browser issu
Page 1059 and 1060:
square brackets ([ ]), 93, 198 src
Page 1061 and 1062:
functions made accessible by, 135 m
Page 1063 and 1064:
logical operators, 740 loops, 746-7
Page 1065 and 1066:
methods common to all objects, 145-
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Index_V V valid XML, 607-608 value,
Page 1069 and 1070:
document property, 134 DOM methods
Page 1071 and 1072:
eference book, 6 referencing elemen
Page 1073 and 1074:
List of Figures Chapter 1: Introduc
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Figure 11-1: A click on the bold te
Page 1077 and 1078:
Figure 20-7: XHTML with MathML and
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List of Tables Chapter 1: Introduct
Page 1081 and 1082:
Table 10-3: DOM Level 0 Collections
Page 1083 and 1084:
Table 15-2: Position-Related Proper
Page 1085 and 1086:
Table A-13: Result of Type Conversi
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