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} document.writeln(x); document.writeln("\n----Stack trace below----\n"); document.writeln(getStackTrace()); function b(x) { } a(x+1); function c(x) { } b(x+1); c(10); The output in Internet Explorer is shown in Figure 23-5. Figure 23-5: A manually constructed stack trace This is a handy function to have in an external script for debugging. However, the capabilities of this function and the techniques we‘ve discussed so far leave a lot to be desired. They rely on manual insertion of debugging code into your scripts, and don‘t provide any interactivity. Fortunately, specialized tools enable far more in-depth examination of your code at runtime. Using a Debugger A debugger is an application that places all aspects of script execution under the control of the programmer. Debuggers provide fine-grained control over the state of the script through an interface that allows you to examine and set values as well as control the flow of execution.
Once a script has been loaded into a debugger, it can be run one line at a time or instructed to halt at certain breakpoints. The idea is that once execution is halted, the programmer can examine the state of the script and its variables in order to determine if something is amiss. You can also watch variables for changes in their values. When a variable is watched, the debugger will suspend execution whenever the value of the variable changes. This is tremendously useful in trying to track down variables that are mysteriously getting clobbered. Most debuggers also allow you to examine stack traces, the call tree representing the flow of execution through various pieces of code that we saw in the previous section. And to top it all off, debuggers are often programmed to alert the programmer when a potentially problematic piece of code is encountered. And because debuggers are specifically designed to track down problems, the error messages and warnings they display tend to be more helpful than those of the browser. There are several major JavaScript debuggers in current use. By far the most popular free debugger is Venkman, the debugger of the Mozilla project. It integrates with Mozilla and Netscape 6+ and offers all the features most developers might need, including a profiler enabling you to measure the performance of your code. If you‘ve installed the ―Full‖ version of a Mozilla-based browser, this debugger is already available to you. If not, use a Mozilla-based browser to access http://www.mozilla.org/projects/venkman/ and follow the installation instructions. This should be as simple as clicking on the .xpi file for the version you want. To start the debugger, select Tools | Web Development | JavaScript Debugger. Figure 23-6 shows a screenshot of Venkman. Figure 23-6: The Venkman JavaScript debugger in action A somewhat popular free utility for Internet Explorer 4 and later is the Microsoft Script Debugger. It is available from http://msdn.microsoft.com/scripting and integrates with Internet Explorer if installed. To enable this integration, select Tools | Internet Options. In the Advanced tab, uncheck Disable Script Debugging, as shown in Figure 23-7. Whenever debugging is turned on in IE and you load a page that has errors, the dialog in Figure 23-7 is shown in place of the normal error message, allowing you to load the page into the debugger.
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JavaScript 2.0-The Complete Referen
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JavaScript 2.0-The Complete Referen
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Serrato, Darlene Hernandez, Michele
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First JavaScript document.write("
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In this case, the tag happens to s
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Ready start alert("First Script
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Script Hiding Most browsers tend to
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alert("Your JavaScript is on!
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Event Trigger Example A re
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Notice that the src attribu
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Figure 1-6: JavaScript console used
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Table 1-1: Browser Versions and Jav
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A scripting language is a language
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This is not a problem in itself. Th
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y a linebreak without causing an er
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Being weakly typed is both a blessi
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myArray[1] = 5; myArray[2] = "Thoma
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To compare objects, JavaScript prov
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} else { } x = x + 1; First, the co
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do { document.write(x); document.wr
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This code declares a function named
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document.write("This text is no
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*/ invoke it as follows: var y = sq
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Part II: Core Language Chapter 3: D
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throughout both the chapter and the
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The other important special value i
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Things get really messy if you work
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Close examination of the table of e
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document.write("Note how newlines (
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Note Some Netscape browsers do not
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Methods of objects are accessed in
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The typeof Operator If you‘re cur
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Number "NaN", "0", or the string re
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A variable‘s name should give som
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execute. This context contains the
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} function innerFunction() { } aler
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context, the interpreter would firs
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y = y - 1 is fine. But if you make
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Operators JavaScript supports a var
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There is one further wrinkle with t
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Table 4-3 shows the bitwise operato
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Table 4-5: Shorthand Assignment wit
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Comparison Operators A comparison e
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"thomas" >> "fritz" "aaaa" >> "a" "
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var a,b,c,d; a = (b=5, c=7, d=56);
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alert(myArray[2]); alert(myArray[3]
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Table 4-9: Precedence and Associati
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JavaScript supports a core set of s
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else if (expression2) statement or
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Figure 4-1: Logical expressions can
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else if (yourGrade == 'D') alert("N
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} case 'C': alert("You passed!"); c
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{ } // do something Last, an import
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document.write("Start the countdown
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} document.write("Outerloop: "+i+""
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The with statement indicates an obj
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alter program flow. A variety of lo
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Functions do not have to receive on
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Functions always return some form o
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document.write("In function fiddle
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} x = 7; document.write("x="+x+"");
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However, more likely, we purposeful
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document.write("Entering testFuncti
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"statements for function body"); As
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A similar kind of nameless function
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The result shown next demonstrates
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Note that this isn‘t a terribly r
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Using Functions Before concluding t
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} if (addTwo.arguments.length == 2)
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familiar to anyone who has programm
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creates String objects while the Ar
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The result is As you can see, the s
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Figure 6-1: Enumerating properties
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statement; Using with lets you refe
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Declare a function taking two argum
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Table 6-2: Properties and Methods C
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Notice that we named the method att
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If the way the robot object has bee
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Object-Oriented JavaScript Before j
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} this.hasJetpack = true; This exam
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function Robot(flying, action) { }
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var feature = guard.feature; var ca
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var firstArray = []; var secondArra
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The effect is as if no element had
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var myValues = new Array(); myValue
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stack.pop(); // ["first", 10] Retur
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Unlike with the push() and shift()
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It takes a variable number of argum
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If you want to be more succinct, yo
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} { } var last = this[this.length-1
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Table 7-1: Arguments to the Date()
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document.write("The current date :
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If you are not sure whether the par
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Table 7-2: Globally Available Metho
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Table 7-4: Methods Provided by the
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var s = new String(); var headline
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var s = "JavaScript" + " is" + " a"
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Table 7-6: HTML-Releated String Met
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This chapter is an introduction to
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expressions are designed to be very
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These characters are ^ and $, indic
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Table 8-2: Regular Expression Escap
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var pattern = /ab+c/; is read as
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var pattern = /[0-9]+/; This regula
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would match ―abcx7d‖ or ―abc_
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You could use the following regular
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document.writeln("result.lastIndex
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} // if we have a match, print info
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Table 8-7: Static Properties of the
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var stringwithdelimits = "10 / 3 /
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Non-capturing Parentheses JavaScrip
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addresses instead of domain names (
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1. The core JavaScript language (e.
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For the sake of brevity, some detai
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""); document.write("Page Colors");
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Figure 9-4: Some Document propertie
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using the traditional JavaScript
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The onclick attribute of the tag
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{ } var theirname=document.myForm.u
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Greeting: The previous examp
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Table 9-4: New Document Properties
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Netscape 4 Layer Example An example
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Figure 9-8: Internet Explorer 4 obj
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finds tag with id or name = myHeadi
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Table 9-7: Some New Properties for
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onclick="document.all['heading1'].s
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style, and content) to a programmin
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var feature; var version; for (i=0;
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The most important thing to think a
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Before moving on, we need to introd
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Table 10-2: DOM Node Properties DOM
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currentElement = currentElement.fir
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DOM Test Heading
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} } else alert("No parent"); break;
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onclick="currentElement=document.do
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Collection Description >document.an
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the necessary references. Let‘s s
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} if (node.parentNode) { } //-->> i
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} function doReplace() { } var repl
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Table 10-5: Text Node Manipulation
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onclick="temp = textNode.splitText(
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7
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-->> Simple DOM HTML Editor &n
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It would be easy enough to mod
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Table 10-6: CSS Property-to-DOM Pro
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xh
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Style: normal italic oblique Wei
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onchange="theElement.style.fontSize
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Height: Width: &nbs
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theElement = document.getElementByI
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This is a paragraph This is a parag
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override them with local rules. Und
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} if (styleSheet.cssRules[0]) { } s
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There are a few things to study car
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var myWalker = document.createTreeW
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While the Traversal API is not wide
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adding content to the document. Bec
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inner/outer Tester This is a t
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>
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Figure 10-6: Using document.all[] a
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some consistency to the mad world t
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Table 11-2: Basic Events and Their
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ondblclick: onfocus: onkeydown:
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Browsers might support events othe
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onbeforedeactivate Fires just befor
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oncut Fires when selected content i
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ondrop Fires on a valid drop target
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onpropertychange Fires whenever a p
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page Non-standard Event Binding in
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this is to assign handlers after th
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Table 11-4: Effect of Returning fal
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One major difference between versio
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if you check your JavaScript consol
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To set up event capturing, use the
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keep tabs on what happened to an ev
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We may be in the gutter, but some o
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Table 11-9: Behavior of Internet Ex
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Table 11-9: Behavior of Internet Ex
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Preventing Bubbling You can stop ev
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The DOM2 Event model specification
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document.getElementById('myText').r
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Alt Key down? Control Key down? M
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The result of a click is shown in
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when the user activates the pull-do
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function killClicks(event) { } even
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-->> The killClick handler is regi
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startListen(); //-->> Current Nod
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Table 11-18 summarizes the major fe
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Part IV: Using JavaScript Chapter 1
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window.confirm(string); or simply c
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value that contains the value enter
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Opening and Closing Generic Windows
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in some browsers, while others may
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Table 12-1: Feature Parameter Value
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featurestring += "width="+document.
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Left: (IE) ScreenX: ScreenY: (Ne
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Figure 12-1: Simple window and its
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} } //-->> else customAlert("Bor
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} } myWindow.focus(); // Make the w
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windowHTML += ""; windowHTML += "An
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windowname is the name of the windo
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function moveIt() { if ((window.myW
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myWindow.moveBy(0,10);" />> X: Y:
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It is also possible to access parse
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5,4,3,2,1...BOOM Browser Self-De
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message = message.substring(1, mess
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Event Description onafterprint Even
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parent.frames[0].name would print o
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" var i = 0; msg += "Window: "+ win
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Two Frames within the naviga
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While inline frames seem to be a si
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window.onload = frameBuster; // -->
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Variables
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Back to previous page While Ja
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Interested readers are enc
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Table 13-1: Document Properties Rel
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Unvisited Link Click to show active
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Location and Related Properties The
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str += "but remember the rules of X
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You also can read the target proper
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onclick="document.myform.field1.val
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} str += "border: "+theImage.border
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(document.all[10]) or by name (docu
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Table 13-4: Common DOM Properties f
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All other (
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Table 13-7: (X)HTML Elements Associ
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Table 13-7: (X)HTML Elements Associ
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} } var newText = document.createTe
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(X)HTML Table Inspector Test T
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Jet Packs Economy JP-3455E6
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above below border box hsides vside
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for (i = 0; i > document.writeln("R
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onclick="theTable.insertRow(documen
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} var colNumber = parseFloat(column
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} var numberRowsInTable = theTable.
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onclick="doCellModification(documen
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object. As with all document object
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Just as the Document contains a col
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} document.write("length: "+length+
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property. In short, it is most usef
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Remember that these buttons (i
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Table 14-5: Properties of the HTMLB
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Closely related to inputs of type "
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Common Field Properties
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Of course, the preceding script
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Checkboxes and radio buttons (―ra
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Yes: No: Maybe: does not, as it
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yes: no: maybe: onclick="a
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-->> Hidden Fields Hidden form f
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Trainer Friend Cook An HTMLSelectEl
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} //-->> alert(msg); Option 1 Op
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cities["Australia"] = ["Sydney", "M
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Brisbane The previous example il
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eserved keyword. We‘ll see anothe
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} for (i = 0; i
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Abstracting Form Validation The pr
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} if (/[^@]+@[^@]+/.test(s)) return
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if (!isInteger(s)) return false; va
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} { } alert("Email may not be empty
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} } { } case 'notblank': if (isEmpt
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Form Validation via Hidden Fields A
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} // Check for special characters l
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A final observation that escapes ma
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JavaScript can be used to turn disa
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Figure 14-4: Rendering of dynamic f
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} } return true; else { } window.st
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Widgets: @ 1.50 each Gadgets: @
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calculated fields. Also note that,
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Figure 15-1: Manipulating Image pro
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Complete: Height: Hspace: Nam
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} } } alt.value = i.alt; border.val
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{ } var i = new Image(); i.src = ur
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The complete working example is sho
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...Page content here... Give
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{ } var abouton = new Image(); abou
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Figure 15-2
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With CSS, you can go even furthe
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Absolutely positioned elements not
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color of the region to orange as se
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} } return(getElement(layerName, la
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} /* set the width of layer named l
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* return the object for the passed
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* set the x-coordinate of layer nam
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} else if (opera) else theLayer.sty
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} { } theLayer.document.write(conte
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z: Height: Width: />>
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Figure 15-3: Testing our cross-brow
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object, enabling control of the con
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} ("") : ("lightblue")); // IE can'
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DOM Level 2 style of event listener
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#mirror {border-style: solid; borde
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Notice how, in the preceding examp
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What's my style? Take 2 p { text-
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Figure 15-6: A simple DHTML page tr
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} if (clipleft A point of intere
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obots!');" 'If you like our domes,
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{ } currentX = getX('ufo'); if (cur
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} if (layerobject) else return(pars
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} /* move left until boundary */ fu
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We could modify the animation
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should not be placed within a form
Page 631 and 632:
Select Navigation
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E-commerce ------------------------
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JavaScriptRef
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Yahoo Teoma MSN DMOZ E-commerce S
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JavaScript libraries on the Web suc
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} } { alert("Main window went away.
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Although the following code is writ
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{ // else move it 5 more pixels in
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Figure 16-5: The slide-in menu in a
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else if (document.all) // else if i
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Bottom of the page As with all
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application of this technology is t
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When you assign a new cookie value
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array else { // extract its value }
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a user with the cookie ―username=
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If the user doesn‘t have cookies
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} } } value = document.cookie.subst
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Where a calculator on the ENIAC is
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Enter some text to store: When
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Table 17-1: Navigator Properties fo
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Notice already from Figure 17-1 th
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document.write("Browser Not Known:
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Error: No JavaScript Support E
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// JS 1.5 features var version="1.
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else alert("You have Flash!"); aler
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A rendering of the example is show
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* nasty hack to deal with doctype s
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Under browsers like Internet Explor
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Figure 17-2: Explorer’s client ca
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Given that some buttons can b
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Given the danger involved in settin
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Part V: Advanced Topics Chapter Lis
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Your browser does not support Java!
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} public void paint(Graphics myScre
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Your browser does not support Java!
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Plug-ins are persistent in the brow
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{ for (var i=0; i
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{ for (var i=0; i
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Suppose you have written some custo
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} function changeFrame(i) { } if (!
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Whereas Java applets are downloaded
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Browsers that do not understand wi
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function play() { } if (!dataReady)
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> // you can write an image in he
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This chapter served as an introduct
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} var img = new Image(); img.src =
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The HTTP response code 204 ―No Co
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{ } // If we've already got a reque
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User: Deagol (check online status)
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One fundamental vehicle enabling se
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{ var params = "numstories=" Note O
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RPC Spellchecker
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+ } if (rpcResult === true) else al
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} var newScript = document.createEl
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Iframe RPC The Server Respon
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echo ""; ?>> In order to see this i
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The following example illustrates t
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The capability to update a page wit
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Figure 20-1: Well-formed XML under
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in which a document‘s logical str
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&cola; We could easily have just
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XSL Test Note In order to
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Whereas the preceding example is ra
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(123) 456-2222 fli@democompany.com
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You can reference the style
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directory {display: block;} employe
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MathML Below x + y 2 k +
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...HTML content... or you can refe
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Once you bind data into a document,
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We could further use the DOM proper
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{ var rootElement = xmldoc.document
Page 781 and 782:
if (type == 1) { // open tag dump("
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-->> XML Document: Name: Title
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xmldoc.async = false; xmldoc.load("
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Name: Title: Phone: Email:
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Sales Executive (543) 555-5672 jone
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*/ var title = document.getElementB
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* append completed record to the do
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} //-->> /* append completed record
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A fake entry http://www.javascriptr
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a:hover {color:#FF9900;} #feedOutpu
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var itemURL = itemList[i].getElemen
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If you inspect the preceding exam
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Table 21-2: Relationship Between Mi
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Table 21-4: Proprietary Extensions
Page 811 and 812:
of access to select one of the memb
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The result is shown in Figure 21-1.
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You must also indicate the comments
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Table 21-7: Some Proprietary Featur
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encountered. The browser generally
Page 821 and 822: Two problematic questions are how t
Page 823 and 824: HTML Applications HTML Applications
Page 825 and 826: } var fso, filehandle; //-->> fso =
Page 827 and 828: E, Elephant F, Fox G, Girl H, Hat T
Page 829 and 830: Figure 21-3: Data Binding example u
Page 831 and 832: Figure 21-5: Using dynamic properti
Page 833 and 834: arbitrary elements in a page. HTCs
Page 835: var originalColor; function activat
Page 838 and 839: Table 21-12: Some Default Behaviors
Page 840 and 841: Figure 21-6: Pop-up windows give yo
Page 842 and 843: There are numerous JScript capabili
Page 844 and 845: Note Interested readers can learn m
Page 846 and 847: Table 21-17: Components of Mozilla
Page 848 and 849: comes from a trusted source. Such c
Page 850 and 851: even if the page in that window was
Page 852 and 853: of incorporation, domain name owner
Page 854 and 855: Figure 22-2: Categorizing sites int
Page 856 and 857: The column of Table 22-3 indicating
Page 858 and 859: function doitagain() { } document.w
Page 860 and 861: escape(document.cookie); This scri
Page 862 and 863: Although some defensive programming
Page 864 and 865: Figure 23-1: Enabling notification
Page 866 and 867: Table 23-2: Common JavaScript Error
Page 868 and 869: if (debugging) alert("Returned from
Page 870 and 871: Figure 23-4: Using Error.stack to g
Page 874 and 875: Figure 23-7: Enabling script debugg
Page 876 and 877: you can replace or suppress the err
Page 878 and 879: if (window.opener && !window.opener
Page 880 and 881: } return true; window.onerror = rep
Page 882 and 883: You can also create instances of th
Page 884 and 885: if (typeof(a) != "number" || typeof
Page 886 and 887: The appearance of a browser to supp
Page 889 and 890:
Page 891 and 892: efresher. We now turn our attention
Page 893 and 894: teksasliunescape(teks);document.wri
Page 895 and 896: Standard Version Description ECMASc
Page 897 and 898: Table A-7: Primitive JavaScript Dat
Page 899 and 900: Table A-11: Result of Type Conversi
Page 901 and 902: Object Description Array Provides a
Page 903 and 904: new Function(["arg1", ["arg2"], …
Page 905 and 906: Table A-21: Binary and Self-assignm
Page 907 and 908: A JavaScript implementation should
Page 909 and 910: } where statements is composed of z
Page 911 and 912: switch (expression) { } case val1:
Page 913 and 914: document.write(i+""); i++; } while
Page 915 and 916: Table A-27: Some Regular Expression
Page 917 and 918: Table A-32: Advanced Regular Expres
Page 919 and 920: Figure B-2: The traditional object
Page 921 and 922: Figure B-6: The Internet Explorer 4
Page 923 and 924:
className String holding value of t
Page 925 and 926:
eadyState Read-only string containi
Page 927 and 928:
fireEvent(handler [, event]) Causes
Page 929 and 930:
setExpression(property, expression
Page 931 and 932:
Supported in IE4+, MOZ/N6+, DOM1. N
Page 933 and 934:
This object has the following prope
Page 935 and 936:
In Netscape 4.0-4.05 (JavaScript 1.
Page 937 and 938:
ig, HTMLElement (Document Object) T
Page 939 and 940:
constructor Reference to the constr
Page 941 and 942:
caption, HTMLTableCaptionElement (D
Page 943 and 944:
clipboardData (Proprietary Browser
Page 945 and 946:
"move", "copyLink", "copyMove", "li
Page 947 and 948:
setDate(dayOfMonth) Sets the day of
Page 949 and 950:
Supported in Internet Explorer 4+,
Page 951 and 952:
Document (Document Object) The Docu
Page 953 and 954:
styleSheets[] Collection of styleSh
Page 955 and 956:
Methods This object has only the me
Page 957 and 958:
The message string defines the text
Page 959 and 960:
properties ALT_MASK, CONTROL_MASK,
Page 961 and 962:
setCapture([containerCapture]) Caus
Page 963 and 964:
onblur Fires when an element loses
Page 965 and 966:
Netscape Extended Events The follow
Page 967 and 968:
onresizeend Fires when the user fin
Page 969 and 970:
This object has the following metho
Page 971 and 972:
Support Supported in Internet Explo
Page 973 and 974:
Constructor This object cannot be i
Page 975 and 976:
Individual entries in the history a
Page 977 and 978:
scrolling String specifying whether
Page 979 and 980:
"hidden", "image", and "button". Tr
Page 981 and 982:
Despite being a tag found within a
Page 983 and 984:
This object has the following prope
Page 985 and 986:
Generally speaking, reserved words
Page 987 and 988:
Index Symbols -- (decrement) operat
Page 989 and 990:
ActiveXObject, 655-657, 772 addEven
Page 991 and 992:
properties, 775 removing elements,
Page 993 and 994:
ody object, HTMLBodyElement, 780-78
Page 995 and 996:
dataTransfer, 788-789 external, 817
Page 997 and 998:
passing composite types, 115-116 pa
Page 999 and 1000:
speed of writing, 724 value of comm
Page 1001 and 1002:
overview of, 522 parsing, 525-526 r
Page 1003 and 1004:
undefined, 58-60 dataTransfer objec
Page 1005 and 1006:
ollovers, 498-499 sparing use of DH
Page 1007 and 1008:
document objects, 761-769 abbr, 771
Page 1009 and 1010:
optGroup, 851 option, 851-852 overv
Page 1011 and 1012:
document tree navigation, browser d
Page 1013 and 1014:
dynamic typing, 29-31, 155 Index_E
Page 1015 and 1016:
special characters, 54-55 strings,
Page 1017 and 1018:
defined, 297 overview of, 298 Event
Page 1019 and 1020:
advantages/disadvantages, 16 functi
Page 1021 and 1022:
properties, 417-419 form validation
Page 1023 and 1024:
passing primitive types by value, 1
Page 1025 and 1026:
HTML applications (HTA), 657-660, 6
Page 1027 and 1028:
Radio, 856-857 Reset, 859-860 submi
Page 1029 and 1030:
events, 814-817 hiding proprietary
Page 1031 and 1032:
one-way communication with servers,
Page 1033 and 1034:
Java applets accessing in JavaScrip
Page 1035 and 1036:
keyboard masking, 453-454 keywords
Page 1037 and 1038:
syntax, 737-738 variable declaratio
Page 1039 and 1040:
methods common to all objects, 145-
Page 1041 and 1042:
owser supporting, 134 javaEnabled(
Page 1043 and 1044:
null data type conversion of, 734 d
Page 1045 and 1046:
objects, 133-158 as associative arr
Page 1047 and 1048:
comparison. see comparison operator
Page 1049 and 1050:
IE security zones, 686-690 Mozilla,
Page 1051 and 1052:
prototypes, extending Array objects
Page 1053 and 1054:
string methods, 211-214 syntax, 748
Page 1055 and 1056:
RPCs (remote procedure calls) callb
Page 1057 and 1058:
ActiveXObject, 655-656 browser issu
Page 1059 and 1060:
square brackets ([ ]), 93, 198 src
Page 1061 and 1062:
functions made accessible by, 135 m
Page 1063 and 1064:
logical operators, 740 loops, 746-7
Page 1065 and 1066:
methods common to all objects, 145-
Page 1067 and 1068:
Index_V V valid XML, 607-608 value,
Page 1069 and 1070:
document property, 134 DOM methods
Page 1071 and 1072:
eference book, 6 referencing elemen
Page 1073 and 1074:
List of Figures Chapter 1: Introduc
Page 1075 and 1076:
Figure 11-1: A click on the bold te
Page 1077 and 1078:
Figure 20-7: XHTML with MathML and
Page 1079 and 1080:
List of Tables Chapter 1: Introduct
Page 1081 and 1082:
Table 10-3: DOM Level 0 Collections
Page 1083 and 1084:
Table 15-2: Position-Related Proper
Page 1085 and 1086:
Table A-13: Result of Type Conversi
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