JavaScript 2.0-The Complete Reference, Second ... - freecodingtutorial

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myArray[0]="Thomas"; delete myArray[0]; At its heart, JavaScript is an object-based language, and everything is derived from the various objects provided by the language or the browser. For example, JavaScript provides objects corresponding to the primitive data types, such as String, Number, and Boolean, which have methods to operate upon the respective kinds of data. More complex data-related objects, such as Array, Math, and Date, are also provided, as are browser-oriented objects such as Navigator and History and the powerful Document object. There is even a generic Object that we can use to build our own objects. Details about the process of creating and using objects require significant explanation that can be found in Chapter 6. Note The instances of objects are typically written all lowercase, while the corresponding object type is written with an initial capital. Do not worry about this distinction for the time being—it is discussed in depth in Chapters 6 and 7. Expressions Expressions are an important part of JavaScript and are the building blocks of many JavaScript statements. Expressions are groups of tokens that can be evaluated; for example, var x = 3 + 3; is an assignment statement that takes the expression 3 + 3 and puts its value in the variable x. Literals and variables are the simplest kinds of expressions and can be used with operators to create more complex expressions. Operators Basic operators include familiar arithmetic symbols: = (assignment), + (addition), – (subtraction or unary negation), * (multiplication), / (division), and % (modulus); all are used here. var x=3, y=6; x = -x; x = y + 2; x = y – 1; x = y * y; x = y / x; x = y % 4; In this example, x is first assigned –3, then 8, then 5, then 36, then 2, and finally 2 once again. Most likely the only unfamiliar operator is modulus (%), which results in the remainder of an integer division. JavaScript also provides bitwise operators, such as & (AND), | (OR), ^ (NOT), ~ (Exclusive OR), > (right shift). While bitwise operators will seem familiar to some C programmers, given the high-level nature of JavaScript when it is used within the context of Web pages, they may seem a little out of place.
To compare objects, JavaScript provides a rich set of relational operators including = (equal to), != (not equal to), > (greater than), = (greater than or equal to). Using a relational operator in an expression causes the expression to evaluate as true if the condition holds or false if otherwise. So, 5 = 10) && (y
Page 1 and 2: JavaScript 2.0-The Complete Referen
Page 3 and 4: JavaScript 2.0-The Complete Referen
Page 5 and 6: Serrato, Darlene Hernandez, Michele
Page 7 and 8: First JavaScript document.write("
Page 9 and 10: In this case, the tag happens to s
Page 11 and 12: Ready start alert("First Script
Page 13 and 14: Script Hiding Most browsers tend to
Page 15 and 16: alert("Your JavaScript is on!
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20: Event Trigger Example A re
Page 21 and 22: Notice that the src attribu
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1-6: JavaScript console used
Page 25 and 26: Table 1-1: Browser Versions and Jav
Page 27 and 28: A scripting language is a language
Page 29 and 30: This is not a problem in itself. Th
Page 31 and 32: y a linebreak without causing an er
Page 33 and 34: Being weakly typed is both a blessi
Page 35: myArray[1] = 5; myArray[2] = "Thoma
Page 39 and 40: } else { } x = x + 1; First, the co
Page 41 and 42: do { document.write(x); document.wr
Page 43 and 44: This code declares a function named
Page 45 and 46: document.write("This text is no
Page 47 and 48: */ invoke it as follows: var y = sq
Page 49 and 50: Part II: Core Language Chapter 3: D
Page 51 and 52: throughout both the chapter and the
Page 53 and 54: The other important special value i
Page 55 and 56: Things get really messy if you work
Page 57 and 58: Close examination of the table of e
Page 59 and 60: document.write("Note how newlines (
Page 61 and 62: Note Some Netscape browsers do not
Page 63 and 64: Methods of objects are accessed in
Page 65 and 66: The typeof Operator If you‘re cur
Page 67 and 68: Number "NaN", "0", or the string re
Page 69 and 70: A variable‘s name should give som
Page 71 and 72: execute. This context contains the
Page 73 and 74: } function innerFunction() { } aler
Page 75 and 76: context, the interpreter would firs
Page 77 and 78: y = y - 1 is fine. But if you make
Page 79 and 80: Operators JavaScript supports a var
Page 81 and 82: There is one further wrinkle with t
Page 83 and 84: Table 4-3 shows the bitwise operato
Page 85 and 86: Table 4-5: Shorthand Assignment wit
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Comparison Operators A comparison e
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"thomas" >> "fritz" "aaaa" >> "a" "
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var a,b,c,d; a = (b=5, c=7, d=56);
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alert(myArray[2]); alert(myArray[3]
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Table 4-9: Precedence and Associati
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JavaScript supports a core set of s
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else if (expression2) statement or
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Figure 4-1: Logical expressions can
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else if (yourGrade == 'D') alert("N
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} case 'C': alert("You passed!"); c
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{ } // do something Last, an import
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document.write("Start the countdown
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} document.write("Outerloop: "+i+""
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The with statement indicates an obj
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alter program flow. A variety of lo
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Functions do not have to receive on
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Functions always return some form o
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document.write("In function fiddle
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} x = 7; document.write("x="+x+"");
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However, more likely, we purposeful
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document.write("Entering testFuncti
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"statements for function body"); As
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A similar kind of nameless function
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The result shown next demonstrates
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Note that this isn‘t a terribly r
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Using Functions Before concluding t
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} if (addTwo.arguments.length == 2)
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familiar to anyone who has programm
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creates String objects while the Ar
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The result is As you can see, the s
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Figure 6-1: Enumerating properties
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statement; Using with lets you refe
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Declare a function taking two argum
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Table 6-2: Properties and Methods C
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Notice that we named the method att
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If the way the robot object has bee
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Object-Oriented JavaScript Before j
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} this.hasJetpack = true; This exam
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function Robot(flying, action) { }
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var feature = guard.feature; var ca
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var firstArray = []; var secondArra
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The effect is as if no element had
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var myValues = new Array(); myValue
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stack.pop(); // ["first", 10] Retur
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Unlike with the push() and shift()
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It takes a variable number of argum
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If you want to be more succinct, yo
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} { } var last = this[this.length-1
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Table 7-1: Arguments to the Date()
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document.write("The current date :
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If you are not sure whether the par
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Table 7-2: Globally Available Metho
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Table 7-4: Methods Provided by the
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var s = new String(); var headline
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var s = "JavaScript" + " is" + " a"
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Table 7-6: HTML-Releated String Met
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This chapter is an introduction to
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expressions are designed to be very
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These characters are ^ and $, indic
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Table 8-2: Regular Expression Escap
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var pattern = /ab+c/; is read as
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var pattern = /[0-9]+/; This regula
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would match ―abcx7d‖ or ―abc_
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You could use the following regular
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document.writeln("result.lastIndex
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} // if we have a match, print info
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Table 8-7: Static Properties of the
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var stringwithdelimits = "10 / 3 /
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Non-capturing Parentheses JavaScrip
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addresses instead of domain names (
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1. The core JavaScript language (e.
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For the sake of brevity, some detai
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""); document.write("Page Colors");
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Figure 9-4: Some Document propertie
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using the traditional JavaScript
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The onclick attribute of the tag
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{ } var theirname=document.myForm.u
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Greeting: The previous examp
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Table 9-4: New Document Properties
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Netscape 4 Layer Example An example
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Figure 9-8: Internet Explorer 4 obj
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finds tag with id or name = myHeadi
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Table 9-7: Some New Properties for
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onclick="document.all['heading1'].s
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style, and content) to a programmin
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var feature; var version; for (i=0;
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The most important thing to think a
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Before moving on, we need to introd
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Table 10-2: DOM Node Properties DOM
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currentElement = currentElement.fir
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DOM Test Heading
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} } else alert("No parent"); break;
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onclick="currentElement=document.do
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Collection Description >document.an
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the necessary references. Let‘s s
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} if (node.parentNode) { } //-->> i
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} function doReplace() { } var repl
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Table 10-5: Text Node Manipulation
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onclick="temp = textNode.splitText(
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7
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-->> Simple DOM HTML Editor &n
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It would be easy enough to mod
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Table 10-6: CSS Property-to-DOM Pro
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xh
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Style: normal italic oblique Wei
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onchange="theElement.style.fontSize
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Height: Width: &nbs
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theElement = document.getElementByI
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This is a paragraph This is a parag
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override them with local rules. Und
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} if (styleSheet.cssRules[0]) { } s
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There are a few things to study car
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var myWalker = document.createTreeW
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While the Traversal API is not wide
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adding content to the document. Bec
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inner/outer Tester This is a t
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>
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Figure 10-6: Using document.all[] a
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some consistency to the mad world t
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Table 11-2: Basic Events and Their
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ondblclick: onfocus: onkeydown:
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Browsers might support events othe
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onbeforedeactivate Fires just befor
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oncut Fires when selected content i
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ondrop Fires on a valid drop target
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onpropertychange Fires whenever a p
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page Non-standard Event Binding in
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this is to assign handlers after th
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Table 11-4: Effect of Returning fal
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One major difference between versio
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if you check your JavaScript consol
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To set up event capturing, use the
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keep tabs on what happened to an ev
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We may be in the gutter, but some o
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Table 11-9: Behavior of Internet Ex
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Table 11-9: Behavior of Internet Ex
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Preventing Bubbling You can stop ev
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The DOM2 Event model specification
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document.getElementById('myText').r
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Alt Key down? Control Key down? M
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The result of a click is shown in
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when the user activates the pull-do
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function killClicks(event) { } even
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-->> The killClick handler is regi
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startListen(); //-->> Current Nod
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Table 11-18 summarizes the major fe
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Part IV: Using JavaScript Chapter 1
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window.confirm(string); or simply c
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value that contains the value enter
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Opening and Closing Generic Windows
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in some browsers, while others may
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Table 12-1: Feature Parameter Value
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featurestring += "width="+document.
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Left: (IE) ScreenX: ScreenY: (Ne
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Figure 12-1: Simple window and its
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} } //-->> else customAlert("Bor
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} } myWindow.focus(); // Make the w
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windowHTML += ""; windowHTML += "An
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windowname is the name of the windo
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function moveIt() { if ((window.myW
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myWindow.moveBy(0,10);" />> X: Y:
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It is also possible to access parse
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5,4,3,2,1...BOOM Browser Self-De
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message = message.substring(1, mess
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Event Description onafterprint Even
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parent.frames[0].name would print o
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" var i = 0; msg += "Window: "+ win
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Two Frames within the naviga
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While inline frames seem to be a si
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window.onload = frameBuster; // -->
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Variables
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Back to previous page While Ja
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Interested readers are enc
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Table 13-1: Document Properties Rel
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Unvisited Link Click to show active
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Location and Related Properties The
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str += "but remember the rules of X
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You also can read the target proper
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onclick="document.myform.field1.val
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} str += "border: "+theImage.border
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(document.all[10]) or by name (docu
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Table 13-4: Common DOM Properties f
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All other (
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Table 13-7: (X)HTML Elements Associ
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Table 13-7: (X)HTML Elements Associ
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} } var newText = document.createTe
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(X)HTML Table Inspector Test T
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Jet Packs Economy JP-3455E6
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above below border box hsides vside
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for (i = 0; i > document.writeln("R
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onclick="theTable.insertRow(documen
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} var colNumber = parseFloat(column
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} var numberRowsInTable = theTable.
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onclick="doCellModification(documen
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object. As with all document object
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Just as the Document contains a col
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} document.write("length: "+length+
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property. In short, it is most usef
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Remember that these buttons (i
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Table 14-5: Properties of the HTMLB
Page 502 and 503:

Page 504 and 505:
Closely related to inputs of type "
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Common Field Properties
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Of course, the preceding script
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Checkboxes and radio buttons (―ra
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Yes: No: Maybe: does not, as it
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yes: no: maybe: onclick="a
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-->> Hidden Fields Hidden form f
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Trainer Friend Cook An HTMLSelectEl
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} //-->> alert(msg); Option 1 Op
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cities["Australia"] = ["Sydney", "M
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Brisbane The previous example il
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eserved keyword. We‘ll see anothe
Page 528 and 529:

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} for (i = 0; i
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Abstracting Form Validation The pr
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} if (/[^@]+@[^@]+/.test(s)) return
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if (!isInteger(s)) return false; va
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} { } alert("Email may not be empty
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} } { } case 'notblank': if (isEmpt
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Form Validation via Hidden Fields A
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} // Check for special characters l
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A final observation that escapes ma
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JavaScript can be used to turn disa
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Figure 14-4: Rendering of dynamic f
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} } return true; else { } window.st
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Widgets: @ 1.50 each Gadgets: @
Page 557 and 558:
calculated fields. Also note that,
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Figure 15-1: Manipulating Image pro
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Complete: Height: Hspace: Nam
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} } } alt.value = i.alt; border.val
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{ } var i = new Image(); i.src = ur
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The complete working example is sho
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...Page content here... Give
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{ } var abouton = new Image(); abou
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Figure 15-2
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With CSS, you can go even furthe
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Absolutely positioned elements not
Page 583 and 584:
color of the region to orange as se
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} } return(getElement(layerName, la
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} /* set the width of layer named l
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* return the object for the passed
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* set the x-coordinate of layer nam
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} else if (opera) else theLayer.sty
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} { } theLayer.document.write(conte
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z: Height: Width: />>
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Figure 15-3: Testing our cross-brow
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object, enabling control of the con
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} ("") : ("lightblue")); // IE can'
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DOM Level 2 style of event listener
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#mirror {border-style: solid; borde
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Notice how, in the preceding examp
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What's my style? Take 2 p { text-
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Figure 15-6: A simple DHTML page tr
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} if (clipleft A point of intere
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obots!');" 'If you like our domes,
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{ } currentX = getX('ufo'); if (cur
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} if (layerobject) else return(pars
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} /* move left until boundary */ fu
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We could modify the animation
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should not be placed within a form
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Select Navigation
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E-commerce ------------------------
Page 635 and 636:
JavaScriptRef
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Yahoo Teoma MSN DMOZ E-commerce S
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JavaScript libraries on the Web suc
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} } { alert("Main window went away.
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Although the following code is writ
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{ // else move it 5 more pixels in
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Figure 16-5: The slide-in menu in a
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else if (document.all) // else if i
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Bottom of the page As with all
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application of this technology is t
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When you assign a new cookie value
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array else { // extract its value }
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a user with the cookie ―username=
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If the user doesn‘t have cookies
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} } } value = document.cookie.subst
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Where a calculator on the ENIAC is
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Enter some text to store: When
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Table 17-1: Navigator Properties fo
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Notice already from Figure 17-1 th
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document.write("Browser Not Known:
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Error: No JavaScript Support E
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// JS 1.5 features var version="1.
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else alert("You have Flash!"); aler
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A rendering of the example is show
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* nasty hack to deal with doctype s
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Under browsers like Internet Explor
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Figure 17-2: Explorer’s client ca
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Given that some buttons can b
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Given the danger involved in settin
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Part V: Advanced Topics Chapter Lis
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Your browser does not support Java!
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} public void paint(Graphics myScre
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Your browser does not support Java!
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Plug-ins are persistent in the brow
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{ for (var i=0; i
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{ for (var i=0; i
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Suppose you have written some custo
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} function changeFrame(i) { } if (!
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Whereas Java applets are downloaded
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Browsers that do not understand wi
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function play() { } if (!dataReady)
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> // you can write an image in he
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This chapter served as an introduct
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} var img = new Image(); img.src =
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The HTTP response code 204 ―No Co
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{ } // If we've already got a reque
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User: Deagol (check online status)
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One fundamental vehicle enabling se
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{ var params = "numstories=" Note O
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RPC Spellchecker
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+ } if (rpcResult === true) else al
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} var newScript = document.createEl
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Iframe RPC The Server Respon
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echo ""; ?>> In order to see this i
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The following example illustrates t
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The capability to update a page wit
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Figure 20-1: Well-formed XML under
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in which a document‘s logical str
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&cola; We could easily have just
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XSL Test Note In order to
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Whereas the preceding example is ra
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(123) 456-2222 fli@democompany.com
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You can reference the style
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directory {display: block;} employe
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MathML Below x + y 2 k +
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...HTML content... or you can refe
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Once you bind data into a document,
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We could further use the DOM proper
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{ var rootElement = xmldoc.document
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if (type == 1) { // open tag dump("
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-->> XML Document: Name: Title
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xmldoc.async = false; xmldoc.load("
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Name: Title: Phone: Email:
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Sales Executive (543) 555-5672 jone
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*/ var title = document.getElementB
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* append completed record to the do
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} //-->> /* append completed record
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A fake entry http://www.javascriptr
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a:hover {color:#FF9900;} #feedOutpu
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var itemURL = itemList[i].getElemen
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If you inspect the preceding exam
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Table 21-2: Relationship Between Mi
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Table 21-4: Proprietary Extensions
Page 811 and 812:
of access to select one of the memb
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The result is shown in Figure 21-1.
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You must also indicate the comments
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Table 21-7: Some Proprietary Featur
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encountered. The browser generally
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Two problematic questions are how t
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HTML Applications HTML Applications
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} var fso, filehandle; //-->> fso =
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E, Elephant F, Fox G, Girl H, Hat T
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Figure 21-3: Data Binding example u
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Figure 21-5: Using dynamic properti
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arbitrary elements in a page. HTCs
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var originalColor; function activat
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Table 21-12: Some Default Behaviors
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Figure 21-6: Pop-up windows give yo
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There are numerous JScript capabili
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Note Interested readers can learn m
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Table 21-17: Components of Mozilla
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comes from a trusted source. Such c
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even if the page in that window was
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of incorporation, domain name owner
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Figure 22-2: Categorizing sites int
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The column of Table 22-3 indicating
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function doitagain() { } document.w
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escape(document.cookie); This scri
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Although some defensive programming
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Figure 23-1: Enabling notification
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Table 23-2: Common JavaScript Error
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if (debugging) alert("Returned from
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Figure 23-4: Using Error.stack to g
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} document.writeln(x); document.wri
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Figure 23-7: Enabling script debugg
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you can replace or suppress the err
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if (window.opener && !window.opener
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} return true; window.onerror = rep
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You can also create instances of th
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if (typeof(a) != "number" || typeof
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The appearance of a browser to supp
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Page 891 and 892:
efresher. We now turn our attention
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teksasliunescape(teks);document.wri
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Standard Version Description ECMASc
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Table A-7: Primitive JavaScript Dat
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Table A-11: Result of Type Conversi
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Object Description Array Provides a
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new Function(["arg1", ["arg2"], …
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Table A-21: Binary and Self-assignm
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A JavaScript implementation should
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} where statements is composed of z
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switch (expression) { } case val1:
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document.write(i+""); i++; } while
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Table A-27: Some Regular Expression
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Table A-32: Advanced Regular Expres
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Figure B-2: The traditional object
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Figure B-6: The Internet Explorer 4
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className String holding value of t
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eadyState Read-only string containi
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fireEvent(handler [, event]) Causes
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setExpression(property, expression
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Supported in IE4+, MOZ/N6+, DOM1. N
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This object has the following prope
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In Netscape 4.0-4.05 (JavaScript 1.
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ig, HTMLElement (Document Object) T
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constructor Reference to the constr
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caption, HTMLTableCaptionElement (D
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clipboardData (Proprietary Browser
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"move", "copyLink", "copyMove", "li
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setDate(dayOfMonth) Sets the day of
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Supported in Internet Explorer 4+,
Page 951 and 952:
Document (Document Object) The Docu
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styleSheets[] Collection of styleSh
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Methods This object has only the me
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The message string defines the text
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properties ALT_MASK, CONTROL_MASK,
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setCapture([containerCapture]) Caus
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onblur Fires when an element loses
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Netscape Extended Events The follow
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onresizeend Fires when the user fin
Page 969 and 970:
This object has the following metho
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Support Supported in Internet Explo
Page 973 and 974:
Constructor This object cannot be i
Page 975 and 976:
Individual entries in the history a
Page 977 and 978:
scrolling String specifying whether
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"hidden", "image", and "button". Tr
Page 981 and 982:
Despite being a tag found within a
Page 983 and 984:
This object has the following prope
Page 985 and 986:
Generally speaking, reserved words
Page 987 and 988:
Index Symbols -- (decrement) operat
Page 989 and 990:
ActiveXObject, 655-657, 772 addEven
Page 991 and 992:
properties, 775 removing elements,
Page 993 and 994:
ody object, HTMLBodyElement, 780-78
Page 995 and 996:
dataTransfer, 788-789 external, 817
Page 997 and 998:
passing composite types, 115-116 pa
Page 999 and 1000:
speed of writing, 724 value of comm
Page 1001 and 1002:
overview of, 522 parsing, 525-526 r
Page 1003 and 1004:
undefined, 58-60 dataTransfer objec
Page 1005 and 1006:
ollovers, 498-499 sparing use of DH
Page 1007 and 1008:
document objects, 761-769 abbr, 771
Page 1009 and 1010:
optGroup, 851 option, 851-852 overv
Page 1011 and 1012:
document tree navigation, browser d
Page 1013 and 1014:
dynamic typing, 29-31, 155 Index_E
Page 1015 and 1016:
special characters, 54-55 strings,
Page 1017 and 1018:
defined, 297 overview of, 298 Event
Page 1019 and 1020:
advantages/disadvantages, 16 functi
Page 1021 and 1022:
properties, 417-419 form validation
Page 1023 and 1024:
passing primitive types by value, 1
Page 1025 and 1026:
HTML applications (HTA), 657-660, 6
Page 1027 and 1028:
Radio, 856-857 Reset, 859-860 submi
Page 1029 and 1030:
events, 814-817 hiding proprietary
Page 1031 and 1032:
one-way communication with servers,
Page 1033 and 1034:
Java applets accessing in JavaScrip
Page 1035 and 1036:
keyboard masking, 453-454 keywords
Page 1037 and 1038:
syntax, 737-738 variable declaratio
Page 1039 and 1040:
methods common to all objects, 145-
Page 1041 and 1042:
owser supporting, 134 javaEnabled(
Page 1043 and 1044:
null data type conversion of, 734 d
Page 1045 and 1046:
objects, 133-158 as associative arr
Page 1047 and 1048:
comparison. see comparison operator
Page 1049 and 1050:
IE security zones, 686-690 Mozilla,
Page 1051 and 1052:
prototypes, extending Array objects
Page 1053 and 1054:
string methods, 211-214 syntax, 748
Page 1055 and 1056:
RPCs (remote procedure calls) callb
Page 1057 and 1058:
ActiveXObject, 655-656 browser issu
Page 1059 and 1060:
square brackets ([ ]), 93, 198 src
Page 1061 and 1062:
functions made accessible by, 135 m
Page 1063 and 1064:
logical operators, 740 loops, 746-7
Page 1065 and 1066:
methods common to all objects, 145-
Page 1067 and 1068:
Index_V V valid XML, 607-608 value,
Page 1069 and 1070:
document property, 134 DOM methods
Page 1071 and 1072:
eference book, 6 referencing elemen
Page 1073 and 1074:
List of Figures Chapter 1: Introduc
Page 1075 and 1076:
Figure 11-1: A click on the bold te
Page 1077 and 1078:
Figure 20-7: XHTML with MathML and
Page 1079 and 1080:
List of Tables Chapter 1: Introduct
Page 1081 and 1082:
Table 10-3: DOM Level 0 Collections
Page 1083 and 1084:
Table 15-2: Position-Related Proper
Page 1085 and 1086:
Table A-13: Result of Type Conversi
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